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Index of Diseases
N
Nail Diseases
Definition: Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. Annotation: primates only; neopl: coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) ID#: D009260Nail-Patella Syndrome
Definition: A syndrome of multiple abnormalities characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the patella and congenital nail dystrophy. It is a genetically determined autosomal dominant trait. Annotation: nail, patella & other abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D009261Nails, Ingrown
Definition: Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail. Annotation: ID#: D009263Nails, Malformed
Definition: Deformities in nail structure or appearance, including hypertrophy, splitting, clubbing, furrowing, etc. Annotation: consider also NAILS /abnorm ID#: D009264Nairobi Sheep Disease
Definition: An arbovirus infection of sheep and goats transmitted by ticks. It is characterized by high fever and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Annotation: caused by a nairovirus; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL ID#: D009265Nasal Obstruction
Definition: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be in the nasal vestibule, fossae, or other areas of the nasal cavity. Annotation: may be anywhere in the nasal passages or cavity ID#: D015508Nasal Polyps
Definition: Focal accumulations of edema fluid in the nasal mucosa accompanied by hyperplasia of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be neoplasms, foci of inflammation, degenerative lesions, or malformations. Annotation: neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted ID#: D009298Nasopharyngeal Diseases
Definition: General or unspecified diseases of the nasopharynx. Annotation: inflamm dis = NASOPHARYNGITIS ID#: D009302Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Definition: Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX. Annotation: coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM) ID#: D009303Nasopharyngitis
Definition: Inflammation of the nasopharynx. Annotation: inflamm of nasopharynx, not nose & pharynx ID#: D009304Nausea
Definition: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. Annotation: /chem ind: consider also EMETICS; /drug ther: consider also ANTIEMETICS ID#: D009325Necatoriasis
Definition: Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS. Annotation: hookworm infect; human & animal ID#: D009332Neck Injuries
Definition: General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; restrict to inj of soft tissue; inj of cervical vertebrae = CERVICAL VERTEBRAE /inj; coord IM with specific inj (IM); DF: NECK INJ ID#: D019838Neck Pain
Definition: Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck. Annotation: ID#: D019547Necrobiosis Lipoidica
Definition: A degenerative disease of the dermal connective tissue characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area. The papules form plaques covered with telangiectatic vessels. More than half of the affected patients have diabetes. Annotation: a skin dis; also called "necrosis lipoidica diabeticorum" so do not index also under DIABETES MELLITUS unless particularly discussed ID#: D009335Necrobiotic Disorders
Definition: A group of disorders characterized by swelling, basophilia, and distortion of collagen bundles in the dermis. Annotation: a group of collagen dis affecting the "collagen bundles in the dermis"; NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA with or without diabetes mellitus is also available ID#: D017441Needlestick Injuries
Definition: Penetrating stab wounds caused by needles. They are of special concern to health care workers since such injuries put them at risk for developing infectious disease. Annotation: IM; coord with organ/inj or precoord inj term (IM) ID#: D016602Neisseriaceae Infections
Definition: Infections with bacteria of the family NEISSERIACEAE. Annotation: gram-neg bact infect; GEN: avoid; prefer specifics; DF: NEISSERIACEAE INFECT ID#: D016870Nelson Syndrome
Definition: A syndrome characterized by increased skin pigmentation, visual defects secondary to compression of the OPTIC CHIASM, and elevated serum levels of ACTH following adrenalectomy for CUSHING SYNDROME. The cause of this syndrome is expansion of an underlying ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, p81) Annotation: ID#: D009347Nematode Infections
Definition: Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified. Annotation: GEN only: prefer specifics; /drug ther: consider also ANTINEMATODAL AGENTS ID#: D009349Neoplasm Circulating Cells
Definition: Exfoliate neoplastic cells circulating in the blood and associated with metastasizing tumors. Annotation: IM; qualif permitted; DF: NEOPL CIRC CELLS ID#: D009360Neoplasm Invasiveness
Definition: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue. Annotation: IM for GEN only or for invasive process; when IM for GEN only, qualif permitted; NIM with no qualif + neopl terms /pathol (IM); do not use for specific histologically invasive tumors (e.g., invasive fibroma = FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE in Tumor Key & not also NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS); DF: NEOPL INVASIVENESS ID#: D009361Neoplasm Metastasis
Definition: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. Annotation: GEN only for metastatic process or neoplasm metast in general; when IM for GEN only, qualif permitted; unlikely as NIM coord: prefer /second with organ/neopl & histol type for metastatic neopl; policy on metastasis & /second: Manual 19.8.65, 24.3.1, 24.4.1.3+; do not confuse with NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS (Manual 24.4.1.1+), LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION (Manual 24.4.1.2), NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY (Manual 24.4.1.7) or NEOPLASM, RESIDUAL; DF: NEOPL METASTASIS ID#: D009362Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Definition: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site. Annotation: IM; differentiate from NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE PRIMARY (Manual 24.4.1.5 - 24.4.1.6) and NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY (Manual 24.4.1.7); do not confuse with NEOPLASM, RESIDUAL; DF: NEOPL RECURRENCE LOCAL ID#: D009364Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Definition: Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy. Annotation: IM; must be spontaneous: for regression or remission after ther, use REMISSION INDUCTION; Manual 24.4.1.9; DF: NEOPL REGRESSION SPONTANEOUS ID#: D009365Neoplasm Seeding
Definition: The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation. Annotation: includes seeding by surg, biopsy, palpation, etc.; IM; no qualif; Manual 24.4.1.11; DF: NEOPL SEEDING ID#: D009366Neoplasm, Residual
Definition: Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication) Annotation: IM for GEN only; when IM for GEN only, qualif permitted; as NIM coord, no qualif; DF: NEOPL RESIDUAL ID#: D018365Neoplasms
Definition: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Annotation: avoid: too general; prefer specifics; policy: Manual section 24; /chem ind permitted but consider also CARCINOGENS; /class: consider also NEOPLASM STAGING (see note there) but "grading" = /pathol; /etiol: consider also ONCOGENIC VIRUSES; /vet: Manual 24.6+ or TN 136; TN 135: MeSH terms for neoplasms classed by tissue; /drug ther: consider also ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS & its specifics; /genet: consider also GENES, SUPPRESSOR, TUMOR; /immunol: consider also TUMOR ESCAPE; consider also ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM & ANTIBODIES, NEOPLASM; /microbiol: consider also ONCOGENIC VIRUSES; /nurs = the patient, ONCOLOGIC NURSING = the oncologic specialty; /prev: consider also ANTICARCINOGENIC AGENTS; /radiother = the patient, RADIATION ONCOLOGY = the specialty; consider also BRACHYTHERAPY; /second = NEOPLASM METASTASIS but do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY; familial: consider also NEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES, HEREDITARY; metastatic cancer of unknown origin: index under NEOPLASM METASTASIS; Tumor Key: TN Suppl ID#: D009369Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Definition: A collective term for the various histological types of NEOPLASMS. It is more likely to be used by searchers than by indexers and catalogers. Annotation: to collect neopl by histol type; not used for indexing; policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL HISTOL TYPE CATALOG: do not use ID#: D009370Neoplasms by Site
Definition: A collective term for precoordinated organ/neoplasm headings locating neoplasms by organ, as BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DUODENAL NEOPLASMS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; etc. Annotation: to collect neopl located by organ; not used for indexing; policy: Manual section 24; DF: NEOPL SITE CATALOG: do not use ID#: D009371Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of fatty tissue or connective tissue made up of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in adipose tissue. Annotation: neoplasms composed of adipose or soft tissue, NOT neoplasms located in adipose or soft tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL ADIPOSE TISSUE ID#: D018205Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage
Definition: Neoplasms composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of other skin appendages. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the sebaceous or sweat glands or in the other skin appendages. Annotation: neopl composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of skin appendages, NOT neopl located in these sites; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL ADNEXAL SKIN APPENDAGE ID#: D018294Neoplasms, Basal Cell
Definition: Neoplasms composed of cells from the deepest layer of the epidermis. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the stratum basale. Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL BASAL CELL ID#: D018295Neoplasms, Bone Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of bony tissue, whether normal or of a soft tissue which has become ossified. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in bones. Annotation: neoplasms composed of bone tissue, NOT neoplasms located in bones ( = BONE NEOPLASMS): TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL BONE TISSUE ID#: D018213Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed
Definition: Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue. Annotation: neopl composed of more than one type of neopl tissue; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL COMPLEX MIXED ID#: D018193Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue. Annotation: neopl composed of connective or soft tissue, NOT neopl located in these sites; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); NEOPLASMS, CONNECTIVE TISSUE is available for neopl composed of connective tissue but SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS is available for neopl located in soft tissue (see note there); DF: NEOPL CONNECTIVE SOFT TISSUE ID#: D018204Neoplasms, Connective Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of connective tissue, including elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective tissue. Annotation: neoplasms composed of connective tissue, NOT neoplasms located in connective tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL CONNECTIVE TISSUE ID#: D009372Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous
Definition: Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum. Annotation: neopl containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL CYSTIC MUCINOUS SEROUS ID#: D018297Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary
Definition: Neoplasms, usually carcinoma, located within the center of an organ or within small lobes, and in the case of the breast, intraductally. The emphasis of the name is on the location of the neoplastic tissue rather than on its histological type. Most cancers of this type are located in the breast. Annotation: name refers to anatomical site within organ; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; indexing policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl: Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); TN 135: correct use of tissue type terms; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL DUCTAL LOBULAR MEDULLARY ID#: D018299Neoplasms, Experimental
Definition: Annotation: IM GEN only; do not use as coord for cancer in animals; policy: Manual 24.5+; /chem ind: Manual 24.5.6+; "spontaneous": Manual 24.5.5; DF: NEOPL EXPER ID#: D009374Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial
Definition: Neoplasms composed of fibrous and epithelial tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in fibrous tissue or epithelium. Annotation: neoplasms composed of fibrous & epithelial elements, NOT neoplasms located in fibrous or epithelial tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL FIBROEPITHELIAL ID#: D018225Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of fibrous tissue, the ordinary connective tissue of the body, made up largely of yellow or white fibers. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in fibrous tissue. Annotation: neoplasms composed of fibrous tissue, NOT neoplasms located in fibrous tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL FIBROUS TISSUE ID#: D018218Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Definition: Neoplasms composed of primordial germ cells of embryonic gonads or of elements of the germ layers of the embryo. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or fetus. Annotation: neoplasms composed of germ cells or embryonic tissue, NOT neoplasms located in germ cells or embryonic tissue; do not confuse with GERM CELL TUMOR see GERMINOMA; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL GERM CELL ID#: D009373Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial
Definition: Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue. Annotation: neoplasms composed of glandular & epithelial tissue, NOT neoplasms located in various glands or epithelium: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D009375Neoplasms, Gonadal Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of ovarian or testicular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the ovaries or testes. Annotation: neoplasms composed of gonadal tissue, NOT neoplasms located in the ovaries or testes: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL GONADAL TISSUE ID#: D018309Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent
Definition: Certain tumors that 1) arise in organs that are normally dependent on specific hormones and 2) are stimulated or caused to regress by manipulation of the endocrine environment. Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; /drug ther: consider also ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) + histol type (IM) + specific hormone (IM) ID#: D009376Neoplasms, Mesothelial
Definition: Neoplasms composed of tissue of the mesothelium, the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, which lines the body cavity of the embryo. In the adult it forms the simple squamous epithelium which covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in these organs. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: neoplasms composed of mesothelium, NOT neoplasms located in the mesothelium: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL MESOTHELIAL ID#: D018301Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
Definition: Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously. The neoplasms are histologically different and may be found in the same or different sites. Annotation: 2 or more neopl, histologically different, at same or different sites occurring simultaneously: do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY (a neopl following an earlier neopl but not its metastasis); coord with each specific histol type (IM) & each precoord organ/neopl term (IM); do not use /compl with specific multiple neopl terms to show multiplicity; differentiate from NEOPLASM METASTASIS & NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL: Manual 24.4.1.5, 24.4.1.6; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA & its specifics are also available; DF: NEOPL MULTIPLE PRIMARY ID#: D009378Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, or smooth. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in muscles. Annotation: neoplasms composed of muscle tissue, NOT neoplasms located in muscles: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /secret /second /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL MUSCLE TISSUE ID#: D009379Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves. Annotation: neoplasms composed of nerve tissue, NOT neoplasms located in the nervous system or nerves ( = NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS): TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D009380Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial
Definition: Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5) Annotation: neoplasms composed of neural epithelium, NOT neoplasms located in the neural epithelium or neuroepithelium; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5; DF: NEOPL NEUROEPITHELIAL ID#: D018302Neoplasms, Post-Traumatic
Definition: Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms caused by or resulting from trauma or other non-radiation injuries. Annotation: IM; coord with specific histol type (IM) + organ/neopl term (IM); Manual 24.4.3.3; neopl after radiation inj = NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED; DF: NEOPL POST TRAUMATIC ID#: D017169Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
Definition: Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. Annotation: IM; coord with specific histol type (IM) + organ/neopl term (IM); Manual 24.4.3.2+; DF: NEOPL RAD IND ID#: D009381Neoplasms, Second Primary
Definition: Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause. Annotation: a 2d or more neopl of same or different histol type at same or different sites: do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE PRIMARY (see note there); often follows ther (note X refs); IM; coord with each specific histol type (IM) & each precoord organ/neopl term (IM); do not use /compl with specific multiple neopl terms to show multiplicity; Manual 24.4.1.7; differentiate from NEOPLASM METASTASIS (Manual 24.4.1.3+) & NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL: Manual 24.4.1.5 ID#: D016609Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Definition: Neoplasms composed of squamous cells of the epithelium. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements. Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: NEOPL SQUAMOUS CELL ID#: D018307Neoplasms, Unknown Primary
Definition: Metastases in which the tissue of origin is unknown. Annotation: IM; do not use /second; coord IM with organ/neopl term with /second (IM) + histol type /second (IM); Manual 24.4.1.8 ID#: D009382Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue
Definition: Neoplasms composed of vascular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in blood vessels. Annotation: neoplasms composed of vascular tissue, NOT neoplasms located in vascular tissue ( = VASCULAR NEOPLASMS): TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5 ID#: D009383Neoplastic Endocrine-Like Syndromes
Definition: Endocrine syndromes due to hormone production by neoplasms of non-endocrine tissue, or by other than the usual endocrine tissues. They are often the first indication of a previously undetected neoplasm. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term with /secret (IM) + histol type of neopl /secret (IM) + specific hormone /secret (IM) but ACTH SYNDROME, ECTOPIC is available ID#: D009384Neoplastic Processes
Definition: The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; for neopl process in general, coord NIM when precoord organ/neopl (with /pathol) or histol type (with /pathol) is IM; DF: NEOPL PROCESSES ID#: D009385Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary
Definition: The condition of a pattern of malignancies within a family, but not every individual's necessarily having the same neoplasm. Characteristically the tumor tends to occur at an earlier than average age, individuals may have more than one primary tumor, the tumors may be multicentric, usually more than 25 percent of the individuals in direct lineal descent from the proband are affected, and the cancer predisposition in these families behaves as an autosomal dominant trait with about 60 percent penetrance. Annotation: do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with specific hereditary organ/neopl term (IM) or specific hereditary histol type (IM) ID#: D009386Neovascularization, Pathologic
Definition: A pathologic process consisting in proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions. Annotation: note category: a pathol process; do not confuse with NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC, a physiol phenomenon; coord IM or NIM with organ /blood supply (IM); DF: NEOVASC PATHOL ID#: D009389Nephritis
Definition: Inflammation of the kidney. It is a focal or diffuse proliferative or destructive process which may involve the glomerulus, tubule, or interstitial renal tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: inflamm of kidney; familial: consider also NEPHRITIS, HEREDITARY ID#: D009393Nephritis, Hereditary
Definition: Hereditary disease characterized initially by hematuria and slowly progressing to renal insufficiency. It is sometimes associated with perceptual deafness and/or congenital ocular defects. Annotation: do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D009394Nephritis, Interstitial
Definition: Diffuse or local inflammation and edema of the interstitial tissue of the kidney, including the tubules. Annotation: ID#: D009395Nephroblastoma
Definition: A malignant kidney tumor made up of three cell types: blastemal, stromal, and epithelial, but not all present in every case. Annotation: coord IM with KIDNEY NEOPLASMS (IM); /genet: consider also GENES, WILMS TUMOR ID#: D009396Nephrocalcinosis
Definition: A condition characterized by precipitation of calcium phosphate in the tubules of the kidney, with resultant renal insufficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: calcium phosphate deposition in kidney tubules ID#: D009397Nephroma, Mesoblastic
Definition: A malignant tumor of the kidney characterized by spindled myofibroblastic cells arranged in sheets or bundles with a tendency to infiltrate into the adjoining normal kidney and through the capsule into the perirenal tissues. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2208) Annotation: coord IM with KIDNEY NEOPLASMS (IM) ID#: D018201Nephrosclerosis
Definition: Hardening of the kidney due to overgrowth and contraction of interstitial connective tissue. It is due to renovascular disease. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: hardening of the kidney ID#: D009400Nephrosis
Definition: Descriptive histopathologic term for renal disease without an inflammatory component. Annotation: in this kidney dis, emphasis is on degen of tubules; do not diagnose: use term of text; LOWER NEPHRON NEPHROSIS see KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS, ACUTE is also available ID#: D009401Nephrosis, Lipoid
Definition: Glomerular disease causing heavy proteinuria characterized by absence of obvious histologic glomerular changes on light microscopy. It is also called minimal change glomerular disease and minimal lesion glomerulonephritis. Annotation: ID#: D009402Nephrotic Syndrome
Definition: Clinical association of heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and generalized edema. Annotation: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia & generalized edema ID#: D009404Nerve Compression Syndromes
Definition: Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect. Annotation: coord IM with specific nerve disease (IM) or specific nerve (IM); cauda equina syndrome: coord IM with CAUDA EQUINA (IM) ID#: D009408Nerve Degeneration
Definition: Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. Annotation: IM as a pathol process; coord with specific neurol dis /pathol (IM) or specific nerve /pathol (IM or NIM) if pertinent ID#: D009410Nerve Sheath Tumors
Definition: Tumors arising from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral nervous system and by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category. Annotation: neoplasms composed of myelin sheaths, NOT neoplasms located in myelin sheaths: TN 135; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); DF: MPMST ID#: D018317Nervous System Diseases
Definition: Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /diag: consider also DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, NEUROLOGICAL; inflamm dis = NEURITIS; "diabetic neuropathy" & "diabetic peripheral neuropathy": index only under DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES;/chem ind: consider NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES ID#: D009422Nervous System Malformations
Definition: Structural abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous system resulting primarily from defects of embryogenesis. Annotation: for congen struct abnorm only; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics or specific organ/abnorm; DF: NERVOUS SYSTEM ABNORM ID#: D009421Nervous System Neoplasms
Definition: Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms. Annotation: GEN: prefer specific precoord; do not confuse with NEOPLASMS, NERVOUS TISSUE (neopl composed of nerve tissue; TN 135); coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM) ID#: D009423Neural Tube Defects
Definition: Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41) Annotation: do not confuse X ref MYELODYSPLASIA with MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES, a defect of bone marrow formation ID#: D009436Neuralgia
Definition: Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Annotation: coord IM with specific nerve (IM) if pertinent ID#: D009437Neurilemmoma
Definition: A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5) Annotation: benign or malignant; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); ameloblastic neurilemmoma goes under ODONTOGENIC TUMORS ID#: D009442Neuritis
Definition: A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA. Annotation: coord IM with specific nerve disease or specific nerve (IM); do not confuse with NEURITES, a hairlike projection of a neuron & in French & other foreign titles do not confuse "neurite" referring to a neurite (i.e., NEURITES) with "nevrite" meaning neuritis; neuritis of optic nerve = OPTIC NEURITIS; retrobulbar neuritis = OPTIC NEURITIS; SMON (subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy) is indexed OPTIC NEURITIS (IM) + MYELITIS (IM) + SYNDROME (NIM) ID#: D009443Neuritis, Experimental Allergic
Definition: An experimental animal demyelinating disease model of GUILLAINE-BARRE SYNDROME. In the most frequently used protocol, animals are injected with a peripheral nerve tissue protein homogenate. After approximately 2 weeks the animals develop a neuropathy secondary to a T cell-mediated autoimmune response directed towards the MYELIN P2 PROTEIN in peripheral nerves. Pathologic findings include a perivascular accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, similar to that seen in the Guillaine-Barre syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1314; J Neuroimmunol 1998 Apr 1;84(1):40-52) Annotation: DF: NEURITIS EXPER ALLERGIC ID#: D009444Neuroaspergillosis
Definition: Infections of the nervous system caused by fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS, most commonly ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS. Aspergillus infections may occur in immunocompetent hosts, but are more prevalent in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES. The organism may spread to the nervous system from focal infections in the lung, mastoid region, sinuses, inner ear, bones, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Sinus infections may be locally invasive and enter the intracranial compartment, producing MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; cranial neuropathies; and abscesses in the frontal lobes of the brain. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch 27, pp62-3) Annotation: coord IM with species (IM) and specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent ID#: D020953Neuroaxonal Dystrophies
Definition: A nonspecific term referring both to the pathologic finding of swelling of distal portions of axons in the brain and to disorders which feature this finding. Neuroaxonal dystrophy is seen in various genetic diseases, vitamin deficiencies, and aging. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by arrested psychomotor development at 6 months to 2 years of age, ataxia, brain stem dysfunction, and quadriparesis. Juvenile and adult forms also occur. Pathologic findings include brain atrophy and widespread accumulation of axonal spheroids throughout the neuroaxis, peripheral nerves, and dental pulp. (From Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p927) Annotation: ID#: D019150Neuroblastoma
Definition: A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignacy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); for NEUROBLASTOMA, RETINAL see RETINOBLASTOMA ID#: D009447Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Definition: A group of disorders characterized by ectodermal-based malformations and neoplastic growths in the skin, nervous system, and other organs. Annotation: for neurocutaneous melanosis, coord with MELANOSIS ID#: D020752Neurocysticercosis
Definition: Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50) Annotation: coord IM with specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent ID#: D020019Neurocytoma
Definition: A benign brain tumor composed of neural elements which most often arise from the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the walls of the lateral ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations may reveal expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin and cells containing microtubuli, neurosecretory granules, and presynaptic vesicles. (From Acta Med Port 1994 Feb;7(2):113-9) Annotation: coord IM with specific precoord brain/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018306Neurodegenerative Diseases
Definition: Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. Annotation: GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /genet: consider also HEREDODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM ID#: D019636Neurodermatitis
Definition: An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus. Annotation: eczematous skin dis with intense itching ID#: D009450Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic
Definition: A benign, rapidly growing, deeply pigmented tumor of the jaw and occasionally of other sites, consisting of an infiltrating mass of cells arranged in an alveolar pattern, and occurring almost exclusively in infants. Its source of origin is in dispute, the various theories giving rise to its several names. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D017600Neuroectodermal Tumors
Definition: Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D017599Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive
Definition: A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059) Annotation: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord organ/neopl term (IM); do not confuse with MEDULLOBLASTOMA ID#: D018242Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral
Definition: A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with Ewing's Sarcoma (SARCOMA, EWING'S). They may arise from the chest wall, skin, orbit, kidney, and other structures and tend to be locally invasive or metastasize, although relatively benign forms may occur. Characteristic histologic features include a tendency to form Homer-Wright rosettes and to stain positively with neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2113; J Clin Oncol 1998 Mar;16(3):1150-7) Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018241Neuroendocrine Tumors
Definition: Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via apud cells), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. Annotation: /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018358Neurofibroma
Definition: A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016) Annotation: solitary; multiple = NEUROFIBROMATOSES but see MeSH definition; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D009455Neurofibroma, Plexiform
Definition: A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestion of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82) Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018318Neurofibromatoses
Definition: A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72) Annotation: multiple neurofibromas; specifics are available ID#: D017253Neurofibromatosis 1
Definition: An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic neural crest. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) Annotation: do not confuse with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) if relevant ID#: D009456Neurofibromatosis 2
Definition: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high incidence of bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as schwannomas (NEURILEMMOMA) of other cranial and peripheral nerves, and other benign intracranial tumors including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the NF2 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2) on chromosome 22 (22q12) and usually presents clinically in the first or second decade of life. Annotation: do not confuse with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1; coord IM with precoord/neopl term (IM) if relevant ID#: D016518Neurofibrosarcoma
Definition: A malignant tumor that arises from small cutaneous nerves, is locally aggressive, and has a potential for metastasis. Characteristic histopathologic features include proliferating atypical spindle cells with slender wavy and pointed nuclei, hypocellular areas, and areas featuring organized whorls of fibroblastic proliferation. The most common primary sites are the extremities, retroperitoneum, and trunk. These tumors tend to present in childhood, often in association with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1662; Mayo Clin Proc 1990 Feb;65(2):164-72) Annotation: coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018319Neurogenic Inflammation
Definition: Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury. Annotation: ID#: D020078Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Definition: A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72) Annotation: caused by tranquilizing agents so do not use /chem ind ID#: D009459Neurologic Manifestations
Definition: Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction. Annotation: not used for indexing since 1989; prior to 1989 used for neurol manifest of non-neural diseases ID#: D009461Neuroma
Definition: A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D009463Neuroma, Acoustic
Definition: A schwannoma that arises from the vestibular division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and tends to present in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Clinical manifestations include loss of hearing, headache, vertigo, facial pain, tinnitus, and facial weakness. Bilateral acoustic neuromas are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p673) Annotation: ID#: D009464Neuromuscular Diseases
Definition: A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLEHYPOTONIA. Annotation: GEN; do not confuse xref AMYOTONIA CONGENITA with MYOTONIA CONGENITA ID#: D009468Neuromuscular Junction Diseases
Definition: Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions. Annotation: ID#: D020511Neuromuscular Manifestations
Definition: Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves. Annotation: not used for indexing ID#: D020879Neuromyelitis Optica
Definition: A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS in combination with acute MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE. Demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions form in one or both optic nerves and in the spinal cord. The onset of optic neuritis and myelitis may be simultaneous or separated by several months. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 Apr;60(4):382-387) Annotation: ID#: D009471Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis
Definition: An inherited degenerative disease characterized by neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions which stain positively for ceroid and lipofuscin. Affected individuals develop retinal degeneration, seizures, myoclonus, ataxia, rigidity, and progressive dementia. Clinically there are four subtypes, divided by age of onset of symptoms: infantile (Santavuori-Haltia type), late infantile (Jansky-Bielschowsky type), juvenile (Spielmeyer-Vogt type), and adult (Kuf's disease). The late infantile and juvenile forms may both also be referred to as Batten Disease and Batten-Mayou Disease. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p957) Annotation: ID#: D009472Neuroschistosomiasis
Definition: SCHISTOSOMIASIS of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges caused by infections with trematodes of the genus SCHISTOSOMA (primarily SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM; SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI; and SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM in humans). S. japonicum infections of the nervous system may cause an acute meningoencephalitis or a chronic encephalopathy. S. mansoni and S. haematobium nervous system infections are associated with acute transverse myelitis involving the lower portions of the spinal cord. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp61-2) Annotation: coord IM with precoord organism/infection (IM) and specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent ID#: D020818Neurosyphilis
Definition: Infections of the central nervous system caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM which present with a variety of clinical syndromes. The initial phase of infection usually causes a mild or asymptomatic meningeal reaction. The meningovascular form may present acutely as BRAIN INFARCTION. The infection may also remain subclinical for several years. Late syndromes include general paresis; TABES DORSALIS; meningeal syphilis; syphilitic OPTIC ATROPHY; and spinal syphilis. General paresis is characterized by progressive DEMENTIA; DYSARTHRIA; TREMOR; MYOCLONUS; SEIZURES; and Argyll-Robertson pupils. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp722-8) Annotation: ID#: D009494Neurothekeoma
Definition: A benign myxoma of cutaneous nerve sheath origin. Theke is from the Greek theke, sheath. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: a nerve sheath tumor: Greek neuro-, nerve + theke, sheath; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) ID#: D018321Neurotoxicity Syndromes
Definition: Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents. Annotation: ID#: D020258Neutropenia
Definition: A decrease in the number of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: decrease in no. of neutrophils ID#: D009503Nevi and Melanomas
Definition: A collective term for the various types of nevi and melanomas. Annotation: not used for indexing; policy: Manual section 24; also TN Suppl:Tumor Key for human & corresponding vet tumors (does not contain exper tumors); DF: NEVI MELANOMAS ID#: D018326Nevus
Definition: A circumscribed stable malformation of the skin and occasionally of the oral mucosa, which is not due to external causes and therefore presumed to be of hereditary origin. The excess (or deficiency) of tissue may involve epidermal, connective tissue, adnexal, nervous, or vascular elements. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant; BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME & DYSPLASTIC NEVUS SYNDROME are also available ID#: D009506Nevus of Ota
Definition: A macular lesion on the side of the face, involving the conjunctiva and lids, as well as the adjacent facial skin, sclera, ocular muscles, and periosteum. Histological features vary from those of a mongolian spot to those of a blue nevus. Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant ID#: D009507Nevus, Blue
Definition: Usually a benign tumor, that commonly presents as a solitary blue nodule with spindled melanocytes covered by smooth skin. Several variants have been identified, one variant being malignant. The blue color is caused by large, densely packed melanocytes deep in the dermis of the nevus. In children, they usually occur on the buttocks and lumbar area. Malignant blue nevi are more commonly found on the scalp. Annotation: coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant ID#: D018329Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell
Definition: A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant ID#: D018332Nevus, Intradermal
Definition: A nevus in which nests of melanocytes are found in the dermis, but not at the epidermal-dermal junction. Benign pigmented nevi in adults are most commonly intradermal. (Stedman, 25th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if permitted ID#: D018330Nevus, Pigmented
Definition: A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant ID#: D009508Nevus, Spindle Cell
Definition: A form of pigmented nevus showing intense melanocytic activity around the dermo-epidermal junction. Large numbers of spindle-shaped melanocytes proliferate downward toward the dermis and usually a large amount of pigment is present. It was first described in 1976 and the bulk of patients reported have been young females with the lesions presenting on the thighs. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, 1992, p185) Annotation: /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM) + site (IM or NIM) if relevant ID#: D018331Newcastle Disease
Definition: An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by a Paramyxovirus (NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS). It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis. Annotation: don't forget also BIRDS (NIM) or POULTRY (NIM) or specific bird or fowl (IM) & check tag ANIMAL ID#: D009521Nidovirales Infections
Definition: Infections with viruses of the order NIDOVIRALES. The concept includes ARTERIVIRUS INFECTIONS and CORONAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. Annotation: GEN; prefer specifics ID#: D030341Niemann-Pick Diseases
Definition: A group of diseases marked by autosomal recessive inheritance and accumulation of sphingomyelin in cells of the RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM. They are divided into 5 subtypes: A-E. Type A (classic infantile form) is caused by a deficiency of SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE and presents at age 6-12 months with progressive hepatosplenomegaly and neurologic deterioration. Type B (non-neuronopathic form) presents in childhood with hepatosplenomegaly and pulmonary infiltrates. Type C (chronic neuronopathic form) is caused by defective intracellular cholesterol transport and is divided into severe infantile, late infantile, juvenile, and neonatal hepatitis forms. Type D (Nova Scotian Variant) is phenotypically similar to type C. Type E is an adult non-neuronopathic form. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp101-4) Annotation: ID#: D009542Night Blindness
Definition: Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: ID#: D009755Nocardia Infections
Definition: Infections with bacteria of the genus NOCARDIA. Annotation: gram-pos bact infect ID#: D009617Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome
Definition: Excessive periodic leg movements during sleep that cause micro-arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. This condition induces a state of relative sleep deprivation which manifests as excessive daytime hypersomnolence. The movements are characterized by repetitive contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle, extension of the toe, and intermittent flexion of the hip, knee and ankle. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p387) Annotation: ID#: D020189Noma
Definition: A severe gangrenous process occurring predominantly in debilitated and malnourished children, especially in underdeveloped countries. It typically begins as a small vesicle or ulcer on the gingiva that rapidly becomes necrotic and spreads to produce extensive destruction of the buccal and labial mucosa and tissues of the face, which may result in severe disfigurement and even death. Various bacteria have been implicated in the etiology. (Dorland, 27th ed) Annotation: severe gangrene of gingiva often spreading to face ID#: D009625Nonodontogenic Cysts
Definition: Cysts formed from epithelial inclusions in the lines of fusion of the embryonic processes which form the jaws. They include nasopalatine or incisive canal cyst, incisive papilla cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, median palatal cyst, median alveolar cyst, median mandibular cyst, and nasoalveolar cyst. Annotation: non-neoplastic; of jaw; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM) ID#: D009631Noonan Syndrome
Definition: A multifaceted disorder that is characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of MENTAL RETARDATION. The phenotype resembles that of TURNER SYNDROME; however, Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal sex chromosome constitution (46,XX and 46,XY). Nevertheless, familial studies suggest that the trait is inherited as an autosomal dominant. Annotation: ID#: D009634Nose Deformities, Acquired
Definition: Deformities of the nose acquired after birth from injury or disease. Annotation: = deformities acquired from inj or dis; congenital deformities = NOSE /abnorm & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D009667Nose Diseases
Definition: Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified. Annotation: inflamm dis = RHINITIS ID#: D009668Nose Neoplasms
Definition: Tumors or cancer of the NOSE. Annotation: soft or bony tissue; coord IM with specific site in nose (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM) ID#: D009669Nut Hypersensitivity
Definition: Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system. Annotation: PEANUT HYPERSENSITIVITY is also available ID#: D021184Nutrition Disorders
Definition: Annotation: differentiate from DEFICIENCY DISEASES (results from deficient intake) & METABOLIC DISEASES ID#: D009748Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
Definition: A collective term for nutritional disorders (result of poor assimilation or utilization of food) and metabolic disorders (result of poor metabolism or inherited enzyme abnormality). Annotation: not used for indexing; CATALOG: do not use ID#: D009750Nystagmus, Congenital
Definition: Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with ALBINISM and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or recessive. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p275) Annotation: do not use /congen; do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES ID#: D020417Nystagmus, Pathologic
Definition: Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272) Annotation: do not confuse with NYSTAGMUS, PHYSIOLOGIC; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL is also available ID#: D009759