Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
F
RETURN TO INDEX F Factor
MS = A plasmid whose presence in the cell, either extrachromosomal or integrated into the bacterial chromosome, determines the "sex" of the bacterium, host chromosome mobilization, transfer via conjugation of genetic material, and the formation of sex pili.
AN = sex factor of bacteria
UI = D005144
F2-Isoprostanes
MS = Isoprostanes derived from the free radical oxidation of ARACHIDONIC ACID. Although similar in structure to enzymatically synthesized prostaglandin F2alpha (DINOPROST), they occur through non-enzymatic oxidation of cell membrane lipids.
UI = D028441
Fabaceae
MS = The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various lectins like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots.
AN = prefer specific plant; X ref PONGAMIA: PONGAMIA PINNATA see MILLETTIA PINNATA and PONGAMIA ULIGINOSA see DERRIS are also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D007887
Fabavirus
MS = A genus of the family COMOVIRIDAE with a wide host range among dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. They are transmitted nonpersistently by aphids. The type species is broad bean wilt virus 1.
AN = a genus of plant viruses; from FABA (Latin for bean) virus; coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)
UI = D019181
Fabry Disease
MS = Lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A and resulting in an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in the renal and cardiovascular systems. The disease is X-linked and is characterized by telangiectatic skin lesions, renal failure, and disturbances of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems.
AN = a lysosomal storage dis; do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse X ref ANDERSON-FABRY DISEASE with ANDERSEN'S DISEASE see GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE IV
UI = D000795
Face
MS = The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.
AN = usually NIM as site; soft parts = FACE, bones = FACIAL BONES or specifics; /abnorm permitted but FACIAL BONES /abnorm is more likely; facial fractures: see note on FACIAL BONES; craniofacial dysmorphism & craniofacial fibrous dysplasia & long face syndrome: see note also on FACIAL BONES
UI = D005145
Facial Asymmetry
MS = Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.
AN = if congen use /congen; do not confuse with FACIAL HEMIATROPHY; since asymmetry is lateral, long face syndrome does not go here: index under FACIAL BONES /abnorm (IM) + MALOCCLUSION or specific type (IM) + SYNDROME (NIM)
UI = D005146
Facial Bones
MS = The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)
AN = consider specifics; do not confuse with FACE (locational & soft tissue) or its specifics; /abnorm: consider also CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; fractures: coord FACIAL BONES /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM + SKULL NEOPLASMS; craniofacial dysmorphism: index under CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES; craniofacial dysplasia or craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: index under FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL (IM) + FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC (IM)
UI = D005147
Facial Dermatoses
AN = consider synonym for dermatitis of face & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH; does not include neopl of face ( = FACIAL NEOPLASMS)
UI = D005148
Facial Expression
MS = Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.
AN = human & animal; a psychol response: do not confuse with FACIES, phys appearance characteristic of various dis; no qualif
UI = D005149
Facial Hemiatrophy
MS = A syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. The condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes.
AN = do not confuse with FACIAL ASYMMETRY; note HEMIFACIAL MICROSOMIA see FACIAL ASYMMETRY
UI = D005150
Facial Injuries
MS = General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.
AN = GEN or unspecified for soft tissue or bony portions of face; consider also /inj with FACIAL BONES or specific facial bones; fractures: see note on FACIAL BONES; TN 115: use of FACIAL INJURIES & jaw inj
UI = D005151
Facial Muscles
MS = Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent
UI = D005152
Facial Neoplasms
AN = usually of soft part of face; not for facial bone neopl ( = FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM) ); HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS is also available; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with site (NIM) as merely locational + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005153
Facial Nerve
MS = The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear.
AN = 7th cranial nerve; neopl: coord FACIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM) + CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005154
Facial Nerve Diseases
MS = Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.
UI = D005155
Facial Nerve Injuries
MS = Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. This may result in FACIAL PARALYSIS, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. The nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., "crocodile tears") and other syndromes.
UI = D020220
Facial Neuralgia
MS = Neuralgic syndromes and other conditions which feature chronic or recurrent FACIAL PAIN as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.
UI = D005156
Facial Pain
MS = Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.
UI = D005157
Facial Paralysis
MS = Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.
UI = D005158
Facies
MS = The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of Williams syndrome or the mongoloid facies of Down syndrome. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
AN = phys appearance characteristic of various dis: do not confuse with FACIAL EXPRESSION, a psychol response; no qualif; coord IM with assoc dis (IM)
UI = D019066
Facility Design and Construction
MS = Architecture, exterior and interior design, and construction of facilities other than hospitals, e.g., dental schools, medical schools, ambulatory care clinics, and specified units of health care facilities. The concept also includes architecture, design, and construction of specialized contained, controlled, or closed research environments including those of space labs and stations.
AN = facilities other than hosp; HOSPITAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION is available; DF: FACILITY DESIGN
UI = D005160
Facility Regulation and Control
MS = Formal voluntary or governmental procedures and standards required of hospitals and health or other facilities to improve operating efficiency, and for the protection of the consumer.
AN = coord IM with facility (IM); DF: FACILITY REG
UI = D005161
Factitious Disorders
MS = Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.
AN = differentiate from SOMATOFORM DISORDERS: factitious are phys or psychol sympt under voluntary control, somatoform are phys sympt linked to psychol factors but not under voluntary control
UI = D005162
Factor Analysis, Statistical
MS = A set of statistical methods for analyzing the correlations among several variables in order to estimate the number of fundamental dimensions that underlie the observed data and to describe and measure those dimensions. It is used frequently in the development of scoring systems for rating scales and questionnaires.
AN = a specific statist technique: not a synonym for "analysis of various factors..."; IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease or other concept (IM); no qualif
UI = D005163
Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein
MS = A highly abundant DNA binding protein whose expression is strongly correlated with the growth phase of bacteria. The protein plays role in regulating DNA topology and activation of ribosomal RNA transcription. It was originally identified as a factor required for inversion stimulation by the Hin recombinase of SALMONELLA and Gin site-specific recombinase of BACTERIOPHAGE MU.
UI = D035021
Factor IX
MS = Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).
UI = D005164
Factor IXa
MS = Activated form of factor IX. This activation can take place via the intrinsic pathway by the action of factor XIa and calcium, or via the extrinsic pathway by the action of factor VIIa, thromboplastin, and calcium. Factor IXa serves to activate factor X to Xa by cleaving the arginyl-leucine peptide bond in factor X.
AN = /defic = CHRISTMAS DISEASE
UI = D015949
Factor V
MS = Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor V accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor Xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor V leads to Owren's disease.
AN = a blood coag factor
UI = D005165
Factor V Deficiency
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation factor V (known as proaccelerin or accelerator globulin or labile factor) leading to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as Owren's disease or parahemophilia. It varies greatly in severity. Factor V deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR V DEFIC
UI = D005166
Factor Va
MS = Activated form of factor V. It is an essential cofactor for the activation of prothrombin catalyzed by factor Xa.
AN = a blood coag factor; /defic = FACTOR V DEFICIENCY
UI = D015943
Factor VII
MS = Heat- and storage-stable plasma protein that is activated by tissue thromboplastin to form factor VIIa in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The activated form then catalyzes the activation of factor X to factor Xa.
AN = a blood coag factor
UI = D005167
Factor VII Deficiency
MS = An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
AN = DF: FACTOR VII DEFIC
UI = D005168
Factor VIIa
MS = Activated form of factor VII. Factor VIIa activates factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.
AN = a blood coag factor; a serine proteinase; /defic = FACTOR VII DEFICIENCY
UI = D015942
Factor VIII
MS = Blood-coagulation factor VIII. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
AN = a blood coag factor
UI = D005169
Factor VIIIa
MS = Activated form of factor VIII. The B-domain of factor VIII is proteolytically cleaved by thrombin to form factor VIIIa. Factor VIIIa exists as a non-covalent dimer in a metal-linked (probably calcium) complex and functions as a cofactor in the enzymatic activation of factor X by factor IXa. Factor VIIIa is similiar in structure and generation to factor Va.
AN = a blood coag factor; /defic = HEMOPHILIA
UI = D015944
Factor X
MS = Storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor Xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A deficiency of factor X, sometimes called Stuart-Prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder.
AN = a blood coag factor
UI = D005170
Factor X Deficiency
MS = Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR X DEFIC
UI = D005171
Factor Xa
MS = Activated form of factor X that participates in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. It catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in conjunction with other cofactors.
AN = /defic = FACTOR X DEFICIENCY
UI = D015951
Factor XI
MS = Stable blood coagulation factor involved in the intrinsic pathway. The activated form XIa activates factor IX to IXa. Deficiency of factor XI is often called hemophilia C.
AN = a blood coag factor
UI = D005172
Factor XI Deficiency
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation factor XI (known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent or PTA or antihemophilic factor C) resulting in a systemic blood-clotting defect called hemophilia C or Rosenthal's syndrome, that may resemble classical hemophilia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR XI DEFIC
UI = D005173
Factor XIa
MS = Activated form of factor XI. In the intrinsic pathway, Factor XI is activated to XIa by factor XIIa in the presence of cofactor HMWK; (HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN). Factor XIa then activates factor IX to factor IXa in the presence of calcium.
AN = /defic = FACTOR XI DEFICIENCY
UI = D015945
Factor XII
MS = Stable blood coagulation factor activated by contact with the subendothelial surface of an injured vessel. Along with prekallikrein, it serves as the contact factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Kallikrein activates factor XII to XIIa. Deficiency of factor XII, also called the Hageman trait, leads to increased incidence of thromboembolic disease.
AN = a blood coag factor
UI = D005174
Factor XII Deficiency
MS = An absence or reduced level of blood coagulation factor XII. It normally occurs in the absence of patient or family history of hemorrhagic disorders and is marked by prolonged clotting time.
AN = a blood coag disord; DF: FACTOR XII DEFIC
UI = D005175
Factor XIIa
MS = Activated form of factor XII. In the initial event in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, kallikrein (with cofactor HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN) cleaves factor XII to XIIa. Factor XIIa is then further cleaved by kallikrein, plasmin, and trypsin to yield smaller factor XII fragments (Hageman-Factor fragments). These fragments increase the activity of prekallikrein to kallikrein but decrease the procoagulant activity of factor XII.
AN = /defic = FACTOR XII DEFICIENCY
UI = D015956
Factor XIII
MS = A fibrin-stabilizing plasma enzyme (TRANSGLUTAMINASES) that is activated by THROMBIN and CALCIUM to form FACTOR XIIIA. It is important for stabilizing the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) which culminates the coagulation cascade.
AN = activated form use FACTOR XIIIA
UI = D005176
Factor XIII Deficiency
MS = A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis.
AN = DF: FACTOR XIII DEFIC
UI = D005177
Factor XIIIa
MS = Activated form of FACTOR XIII, a transglutaminase, which stabilizes the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) culminating the blood coagulation cascade.
AN = distinguish X ref PLASMA TRANSGLUTAMINASE from TRANSGLUTAMINASES
UI = D026122
Faculty
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.
AN = not for Faculté de Médecine nor Facultad de Medicina ( = SCHOOLS, MEDICAL); do not confuse FACULTY with TEACHING: FACULTY suggests differentiation from student or administrator, teaching suggests the imparting of knowledge (Manual 30.10); Manual 30.9, 34.14
UI = D005178
Faculty, Dental
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a dental school.
AN = Manual 30.9; DF: FACULTY DENT
UI = D005179
Faculty, Medical
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school.
AN = Manual 30.9; see also note under FACULTY; DF: FACULTY MED
UI = D005180
Faculty, Nursing
MS = The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a nursing school.
AN = Manual 30.9; DF: FACULTY NURS
UI = D005181
Fadrozole
MS = A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.
UI = D017316
Fagaceae
MS = A plant family of the order Fagales subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029962
Fagus
MS = A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029964
Failure to Thrive
MS = A condition in which an infant or child's weight gain and growth are far below usual levels for age.
UI = D005183
Faith Healing
MS = The use of faith and spirit to cure disease.
UI = D029221
Falkland Islands
MS = A British colony in the Atlantic Islands, comprising two principal islands, East Falkland and West Falkland. Its capital is Stanley. Discovered in 1592, it was not occupied until the French settled there briefly in 1764. Later the English settled there but were expelled by the Spanish in 1770. The Falklands were claimed by Argentina but were occupied in 1833 by the British who, after an April 1982 invasion by Argentina, regained them in June. The islands were named by British Captain John Strong in 1690 for the fifth Viscount Falkland who financed Strong's expedition. The Spanish name for the islands, Malvinas, is from the French Malouins, inhabitants of St. Malo who attempted to colonize the islands in 1764. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p389 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p182)
AN = a Brit colony in the Atlantic Islands
UI = D019432
Fallopian Tube Diseases
MS = Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS), SALPINGITIS, tubo-ovarian abscess and blockage.
AN = inflamm dis = SALPINGITIS
UI = D005184
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
MS = Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.
AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005185
Fallopian Tube Patency Tests
MS = Methods for assessing the patency of the fallopian tubes.
AN = NIM
UI = D005186
Fallopian Tubes
MS = A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.
AN = mammalian only; non-mammalian use OVIDUCTS; inflammation = SALPINGITIS; tubal sterilization = STERILIZATION, TUBAL; "fallopian" is not capitalized in titles or translations
UI = D005187
False Negative Reactions
MS = Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
AN = NIM; no qualif
UI = D005188
False Positive Reactions
MS = Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
AN = NIM; no qualif
UI = D005189
Familial Mediterranean Fever
MS = An autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by episodic fever, severe abdominal pain, pleurisy, arthritis, and a characteristic ankle rash. Disease flare-ups tend to last 3 days, and individuals are asymptomatic between attacks. Orchitis, a benign recurrent MENINGITIS, headaches, and amyloid nephropathy may also occur. (From Medicine (Baltimore) 1998 Jul;77(4):268-97)
AN = a specific disease entity: do not use X ref PERIODIC DISEASE for periodically occurring dis ( = PERIODICITY (IM) + disease (IM))
UI = D010505
Family
MS = A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.
AN = X ref FAMILY LIFE CYCLES refers to stages through which the family evolves (e.g., marriage, childbearing & death): do not confuse with LIFE CHANGE EVENTS
UI = D005190
Family Characteristics
MS = Size and composition of the family.
UI = D005191
Family Health
MS = The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.
AN = health status of family as a unit & impact on individual members; /ethnol permitted
UI = D005192
Family Leave
MS = The authorized absence from work of a family member to attend the illness or participate in the care of a parent, a sibling, or other family member. For the care of a parent for a child or for pre- or postnatal leave of a parent, PARENTAL LEAVE is available.
AN = to care for sibs, parents or other family members: do not confuse with PARENTAL LEAVE
UI = D017407
Family Nursing
MS = The provision of care involving the nursing process, to families and family members in health and illness situations. From Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice. 6th ed.
UI = D022143
Family Planning
MS = Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility.
AN = /legis: consider also FAMILY PLANNING POLICY
UI = D005193
Family Planning Policy
MS = A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, to guide and determine present and future decisions on population control by limiting the number of children or controlling fertility, notably through family planning and contraception within the nuclear family.
AN = by government: for planning on family or personal level index under FAMILY PLANNING; specify state or country
UI = D016656
Family Practice
MS = A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; articles with titles reading, e.g., "cortisone in general practice" are indexed under FAMILY PRACTICE as NIM if indexed there at all: use circumspectly
UI = D005194
Family Relations
MS = Behavioral, psychological, and social relations among various members of the nuclear family and the extended family.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: FAMILY RELAT
UI = D005195
Family Therapy
MS = A form of group psychotherapy. It involves treatment of more than one member of the family simultaneously in the same session.
AN = a group psychother technique; DF: FAMILY THER
UI = D005196
Famotidine
MS = A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.
UI = D015738
Famous Persons
AN = IM; no qualif; Manual 32.16.11, 32.16.12; when not to use: 32.16.7
UI = D005197
Fanconi Anemia
MS = Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in anemia, leukopenia, and thrombopenia, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous chromosome breakage is a feature of this disease along with predispostion to leukemia. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM# 227650, April 23, 2001)
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with FANCONI SYNDROME, a dysfunction of proximal renal tubules
UI = D005199
Fanconi Syndrome
MS = Constellation of clinical and laboratory manifestations produced by generalized proximal tubular insufficiency in the presence of normal, or nearly normal, glomerular filtration.
AN = TN 79: Fanconi syndromes not in MeSH: how to index; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not confuse with FANCONI ANEMIA which is sometimes refered to as Fanconi syndrome
UI = D005198
FANFT
MS = A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005200
Fantasy
MS = An imagined sequence of events or mental images, e.g., daydreams.
AN = no qualif
UI = D005201
Far East
MS = A geographic area of east and southeast Asia encompassing CHINA; HONG KONG; JAPAN; KOREA; MACAO; MONGOLIA; and TAIWAN.
AN = a geog area of east & southeast Asia; prefer specific countries
UI = D005202
Farmer's Lung
MS = Systemic and pulmonary reactions resulting from inhalation of dust from moldy hay, threshing dust, or moldy straw, by persons who have become hypersensitive to antigens in the dust. It is most often associated with inhalation of spores of Micromonospora faeni or Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = caused by bacteria Micropolyspora & Thermoactinomyces (see MICROMONOSPORACEAE)
UI = D005203
Farnesol
MS = A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in verterbrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UI = D005204
Fascia
UI = D005205
Fascia Lata
UI = D005206
Fasciculation
MS = Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations can often by visualized and take the form of a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294)
AN = note category: do not confuse with axonal fasciculation (index under AXONS /physiol)
UI = D005207
Fasciitis
MS = Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1) Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2) Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3) Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma.
AN = see MeSH definition for major types; eosinophilic fasciitis: coord IM with EOSINOPHILIA (IM); FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING is available
UI = D005208
Fasciitis, Necrotizing
MS = A fulminating group A streptococcal infection beginning with severe or extensive cellulitis that spreads to involve the superficial and deep fascia, producing thrombosis of the subcutaneous vessels and gangrene of the underlying tissues. A cutaneous lesion usually serves as a portal of entry for the infection, but sometimes no such lesion is found. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = a fulminating Streptococcus pyogenes infect
UI = D019115
Fasciitis, Plantar
MS = Inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia) causing HEEL pain. The plantar fascia (also called plantar aponeurosis) are bands of fibrous tissue extending from the calcaneal tuberosity to the TOES. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance.Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related.
UI = D036981
Fasciola
MS = A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Fasciolidae. Two species of this genus are F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The parasites are found in the liver and gallbladder and associated ducts in mammals and occasionally man. F. gigantica occurs rarely in man.
AN = infection = FASCIOLIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
UI = D005209
Fasciola hepatica
MS = A species of helminth commonly called the sheep liver fluke. It occurs in the biliary passages, liver, and gallbladder during various stages of development. Snails and aquatic vegetation are the intermediate hosts. Occasionally seen in man, it is most common in sheep and cattle.
AN = infection = FASCIOLIASIS & do not bother to coord with FASCIOLA HEPATICA unless particularly discussed (index IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
UI = D005210
Fascioliasis
MS = Helminth infection of the liver caused by species of Fasciola.
AN = trematode infect of liver caused by FASCIOLA; do not confuse with FASCIOLOIDIASIS (caused by Fascioloides) or FASCIOLOPSIASIS (caused by Fasciolopsis)
UI = D005211
Fasciolidae
MS = A family of flukes of the class Trematoda occurring primarily in the liver of animals and man. There are six genera: Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Fascioloides, Tenuifasciola, Parafasciolopsis, and Protofasciola. The adult form of Fasciolopsis occurs in the intestines of pigs and man.
AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM) but note specific FASCIOL- disease terms; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH
UI = D005212
Fascioloidiasis
MS = Infection of cattle and other herbivores with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. It is characterized by extensive destruction of the liver parenchyma.
AN = trematode infect; usually animal; check tag ANIMAL; caused by FASCIOLOIDES; do not confuse with FASCIOLIASIS (caused by FASCIOLA) or FASCIOLOPSIASIS (caused by FASCIOLOPSIS)
UI = D005213
Fast Neutrons
MS = Neutrons, the energy of which exceeds some arbitrary level, usually around one million electron volts.
AN = elementary particles; IM
UI = D005214
Fasting
MS = Abstaining from all food.
AN = human & animal; differs from STARVATION in matter of degree: TN 80; FOOD DEPRIVATION is also available
UI = D005215
Fat Body
MS = A nutritional reservoir of fatty tissue found mainly in insects and amphibians.
AN = in amphibia & insects
UI = D005216
Fat Emulsions, Intravenous
MS = Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005217
Fat Necrosis
MS = A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.
UI = D005218
Fat Substitutes
MS = Compounds used in food or in food preparation to replace dietary fats. They may be carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-based. Fat substitutes are usually lower in calories but provide the same texture as fats.
AN = IM; coord with specific substitute (IM) if pertinent; D25-26 qualif
UI = D019358
Fatal Outcome
MS = Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
AN = never IM; used only for individual fatalities: do not confuse with MORTALITY or /mortal, both epidemiol & statist concepts, or with DEATH, a physiol process; do not use for animal toxicity studies ( = /toxicity); coord NIM with specific dis or procedure with no qualif (IM); check tag CASE REPORT
UI = D017809
Father-Child Relations
MS = Interaction between the father and the child.
AN = human only; DF: FATHER CHILD RELAT
UI = D005219
Fathers
MS = Male parents, human or animal.
AN = human & animal; /psychol: consider also FATHER-CHILD RELATIONS
UI = D005220
Fatigue
MS = The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.
AN = do not use for fatigue of isolated muscle fibers in physiol exper ( = MUSCLE FATIGUE)
UI = D005221
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
MS = A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)
AN = a clinical entity: do not confuse with "chronic fatigue" ( = FATIGUE (IM) + CHRONIC DISEASE (NIM)); DF: CFIDS
UI = D015673
Fats
MS = The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
AN = table fats only or fats "outside the body"; differentiate from LIPIDS ("inside the body" but not body fat which = ADIPOSE TISSUE); do not confuse with DIETARY FATS
UI = D005223
Fats, Unsaturated
MS = Fats containing one or more double bonds, as from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid.
UI = D005224
Fatty Acid Desaturases
MS = Enzymes that catalyze the conversion of saturated fatty acid CoA complexes to unsaturated fatty acid CoA complexes in the presence of any acceptor. They include EC 1.3.1.8, EC 1.3.99.3 and EC 1.14.99.5.
UI = D005225
Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex
UI = D005226
Fatty Acids
MS = Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D005227
Fatty Acids, Essential
MS = Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific acid
UI = D005228
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
MS = Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.
UI = D005229
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
MS = FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D005230
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
MS = A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness.
AN = "often of marine origin": specify source if pertinent
UI = D015525
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
MS = FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific acid
UI = D005231
Fatty Acids, Volatile
MS = Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific acid
UI = D005232
Fatty Alcohols
MS = Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UI = D005233
Fatty Liver
MS = Yellow discoloration of the liver due to fatty degeneration of liver parenchymal cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = fatty degeneration of liver cells
UI = D005234
Fatty Liver, Alcoholic
MS = Fatty liver in alcoholics. It is potentially reversible and may be associated with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
UI = D005235
Favism
MS = Hemolytic anemia due to the ingestion of fava beans or after inhalation of pollen from the Vicia fava plant by persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes.
AN = a hemolytic anemia caused by fava bean or its pollen
UI = D005236
Fear
MS = The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.
AN = human & animal
UI = D005239
Feasibility Studies
MS = Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject (IM); no qualif
UI = D005240
Feathers
UI = D005241
Fecal Incontinence
MS = Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.
AN = of organic origin: differentiate from ENCOPRESIS, of psychol origin
UI = D005242
Feces
AN = /parasitol: often coord with PARASITE EGG COUNT; consider also DEFECATION; CONSTIPATION; DIARRHEA; FECES, IMPACTED & FECAL INCONTINENCE; fecalith: index FECES, IMPACTED; fecal blood: index under OCCULT BLOOD & not also here
UI = D005243
Feces, Impacted
MS = A large firm mass of stool formed in the rectum or distal colon.
AN = note category
UI = D005244
Federal Government
MS = The level of governmental organization and function at the national or country-wide level.
AN = not restricted to the U.S.; use when legislation or regulation at the national, as opposed to the state, provincial, or local level, is under discussion; specify country
UI = D035082
Fee Schedules
MS = A listing of established professional service charges, for specified dental and medical procedures.
UI = D005245
Fee-for-Service Plans
MS = Method of charging whereby a physician or other practitioner bills for each encounter or service rendered. In addition to physicians, other health care professionals are reimbursed via this mechanism. Fee-for-service plans contrast with salary, per capita, and prepayment systems, where the payment does not change with the number of services actually used or if none are used. (From Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)
UI = D018588
Feedback
MS = A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.
AN = note category; FEEDBACK, BIOCHEMICAL and FEEDBACK, PSYCHOLOGICAL are also available
UI = D005246
Feedback, Biochemical
MS = A mechanism of communication among life processes to coordinate development, reproduction, and homeostasis. In humans, feedback loops are especially important for communication between organs that are spatially separated. Virtually all hormones from the nervous and endocrine systems are under feedback control: by peripheral hormones, cations, metabolites, osmolarity or extracellular fluid volume.
UI = D025461
Feedback, Psychological
MS = A mechanism of information stimulus and response that may control subsequent behavior, cognition, perception, or performance. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)
AN = FEEDBACK and FEEDBACK, BIOCHEMICAL are also available
UI = D030141
Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood
MS = Mental disorders related to feeding and eating that are usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood.
AN = DF: FEEDING EATING DIS CHILD
UI = D019959
Feeding Behavior
MS = Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
AN = human & animal; = manner of eating or feeding (TN 63): differentiate from EATING, the act of eating or feeding; permitted for feeding behavior of insects, as mosquitoes on skin, ticks sucking blood, maggots on flesh, etc., but NIM with feeding organism IM
UI = D005247
Feeding Methods
MS = Methods of giving food to humans or animals.
AN = human & animal; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D005248
Fees and Charges
MS = Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.
AN = DF: FEES
UI = D005249
Fees, Dental
MS = Amounts charged to the patient as payer for dental services.
AN = DF: FEES DENT
UI = D005250
Fees, Medical
MS = Amounts charged to the patient as payer for medical services.
AN = DF: FEES MED
UI = D005251
Fees, Pharmaceutical
MS = Amounts charged to the patient or third-party payer for medication. It includes the pharmacist's professional fee and cost of ingredients, containers, etc.
AN = costs to the patient or third-party payer: do not confuse with DRUG COSTS which are costs to a health facility or organiz; DF: FEES PHARM
UI = D005252
Feijoa
MS = A plant genus of the family MYRTACEAE that is cultivated for the edible fruit, which is different from the ordinary guava (PSIDIUM).
AN = GUAVA see PSIDIUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031646
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
MS = Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and in some cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV).
AN = caused by a lentivirus; coord IM with FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (IM) or LEUKEMIA VIRUS, FELINE (IM) if pertinent; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: note short X ref
UI = D016181
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
MS = Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (CORONAVIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.
AN = DF: FELINE INFECT PERITONITIS
UI = D016766
Feline Panleukopenia
MS = A highly contagious DNA virus infection of the cat family and of mink, characterized by fever, enteritis and bone marrow changes. It is also called feline ataxia, feline agranulocytosis, feline infectious enteritis, cat fever, cat plague, show fever.
AN = caused by a parvovirus; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; in minks, coord with MINK (IM)
UI = D005254
Feline panleukopenia virus
MS = A species of PARVOVIRUS infecting cats with a highly contagious enteric disease. Host range variants include mink enteritis virus, canine parvovirus (PARVOVIRUS, CANINE), and raccoon parvovirus. After infecting their new hosts, many of these viruses have further evolved and are now considered distinct species.
AN = infection = FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA but see note there
UI = D028301
Fellowships and Scholarships
MS = Stipends or grants-in-aid granted by foundations or institutions to individuals for study.
AN = SPEC qualif; specify agency or govt & geog if possible; DF: FELLOWSHIPS
UI = D005257
Felodipine
MS = A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
UI = D015736
Felty's Syndrome
MS = A combination of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, leukopenia, pigmented spots on lower extremities, and other evidence of hypersplenism (anemia and thrombocytopenia). (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a type of rheum arthritis
UI = D005258
Felypressin
MS = Synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with more vasoconstrictor than antidiuretic action. It is used as a hemostatic.
AN = a vasoconstrictor
UI = D005259
Female
AN = check tag only for female organs, diseases, physiol processes, genetics, etc.; do not confuse with WOMEN as a social, cultural, political, economic force; Manual 18.9+, 34.12; 35.6.2 CATALOG: do not use: for indexers only
UI = D005260
Female Genital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
UI = D005261
Feminism
MS = The theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes and organized activity on behalf of women's rights and interests. (Webster New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)
AN = polit, econ & social equality of women to men
UI = D019513
Feminization
AN = develop of female secondary sex characteristics in the male; check the tag MALE
UI = D005262
Femoral Artery
MS = The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.
UI = D005263
Femoral Fractures
MS = Fractures of the femur.
AN = of femoral shaft only; see X refs & note at HIP FRACTURES
UI = D005264
Femoral Neck Fractures
MS = Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.
UI = D005265
Femoral Neoplasms
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with specific FEMUR HEAD or FEMUR NECK (NIM) as merely locational + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D005266
Femoral Nerve
MS = A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.
AN = dis = FEMORAL NEUROPATHY; neopl = FEMORAL NEUROPATHY (IM) + PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: index under PERIPHERAL NERVES
UI = D005267
Femoral Neuropathy
MS = Disease involving the femoral nerve. The femoral nerve may be injured by ISCHEMIA (e.g., in association with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES), nerve compression, trauma, COLLAGEN DISEASES, and other disease processes. Clinical features include MUSCLE WEAKNESS or PARALYSIS of hip flexion and knee extension, ATROPHY of the quadriceps muscles, reduced or absent patellar reflex, and impaired sensation over the anterior and medial thigh.
UI = D020428
Femoral Vein
MS = The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.
UI = D005268
Femur
MS = The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
AN = fractures: FEMORAL FRACTURES & FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES are available but see note under HIP FRACTURES; do not index under FEMUR when THIGH is meant: see note there
UI = D005269
Femur Head
MS = The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)
AN = fract = FEMUR HEAD /inj (IM) + HIP FRACTURES (IM); avascular or aseptic necrosis of hip goes under FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS
UI = D005270
Femur Head Necrosis
MS = Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The major types are idiopathic (primary), as a complication of fractures or dislocations, and LEGG-PERTHES DISEASE.
UI = D005271
Femur Neck
AN = fract = FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES
UI = D005272
Fenbendazole
MS = Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.
UI = D005273
Fenclonine
MS = A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.
UI = D010134
Fendiline
MS = Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.
UI = D005275
Fenestration, Labyrinth
MS = The surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for the restoration of hearing in cases of OTOSCLEROSIS. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = to cure otosclerosis; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D005276
Fenfluramine
MS = A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.
UI = D005277
Fenitrothion
MS = An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.
AN = TN 111 for eff on insects
UI = D005278
Fenoldopam
MS = A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
UI = D018818
Fenoprofen
MS = An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to ASPIRIN, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.
UI = D005279
Fenoterol
MS = An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.
UI = D005280
Fenretinide
MS = A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.
UI = D017313
Fentanyl
MS = A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
UI = D005283
Fenthion
MS = Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.
AN = TN 111 for eff on insects
UI = D005284
Fermentation
MS = An enzyme-induced chemical change in organic compounds that takes place in the absence of oxygen. The change usually results in the production of ETHANOL or LACTIC ACID, and the production of energy.
AN = almost never IM; enzymatic fermentation: coord NIM with specific enzyme (IM) + substrate (NIM)
UI = D005285
Fermium
MS = Fermium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Fm, atomic number 100, and atomic weight 257. Its known isotopes range from 244-254 and 256-258. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Like einsteinium, it was discovered in 1952 in the debris from a thermonuclear explosion.
AN = man-made radioactive element; IM
UI = D005286
Ferns
MS = Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are in the division, or phylum, Tracheophyta.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029624
Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of ferredoxin or adrenodoxin in the presence of NADP. EC 1.18.1.2.
UI = D005287
Ferredoxins
MS = Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
AN = bact & plant proteins; /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D005288
Ferrets
MS = Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting rodents and/or rabbits and as a laboratory animal.
AN = IM; qualif permitted
UI = D005289
Ferric Compounds
MS = Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.
AN = = iron(III) or Fe(III), as Fe2O3, FeCl3; iron(II) or Fe(II) = FERROUS COMPOUNDS; hematinics; DF: FERRIC CPDS
UI = D005290
Ferrichrome
MS = A cyclic peptide consisting of three residues of delta-N-hydroxy-delta-N-acetylornithine. It acts as an iron transport agent in Ustilago sphaerogena.
UI = D005291
Ferricyanides
MS = Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.
AN = do not confuse with FERROCYANIDES
UI = D005292
Ferritin
MS = An iron-containing protein complex that is formed by a combination of ferric iron with the protein APOFERRITIN.
UI = D005293
Ferrochelatase
MS = An enzyme widely distributed in cells and tissues. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the formation of heme from protoporphyrin IX and ferrous ions during the terminal step in the heme biosynthetic pathway. EC 4.99.1.1.
UI = D005294
Ferrocyanides
MS = Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).
AN = do not confuse with FERRICYANIDES
UI = D005295
Ferrous Compounds
MS = Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.
AN = = iron(II) or Fe(II), as FeO, FeCl2; iron(III) or Fe(III) = FERRIC COMPOUNDS; DF: FERROUS CPDS
UI = D005296
Ferrozine
MS = A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005297
Fertility
MS = The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
AN = IM for human, other mammals, birds & fish, NIM for animals lower than fish, plants & micro-organisms; /drug eff: consider also FERTILITY AGENTS
UI = D005298
Fertility Agents
MS = Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.
AN = consider also FERTILITY /drug eff
UI = D005299
Fertility Agents, Female
MS = Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.
UI = D005300
Fertility Agents, Male
MS = Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.
UI = D005303
Fertilization
MS = The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.
AN = physiol fertilization only: FERTILIZATION IN VITRO (Cat E2 and E5) is also available
UI = D005306
Fertilization in Vitro
MS = An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.
AN = do not check the tags IN VITRO, PREGNANCY or FEMALE
UI = D005307
Fertilizers
MS = Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.
UI = D005308
Ferula
MS = A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. It contains pungent oils and resins. It is used to flavor curries, as a carminative, and as cat and dog repellent. The occasionally used common name of 'giant fennel' should not be confused with true fennel (FOENICULUM).
AN = distinguish from true Fennel = FOENICULUM; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D005309
Festschrift [Publication Type]
MS = Work consisting of a collection of essays or other writings contributed by students, teachers, colleagues, and admirers to honor a scholar, physician, or other scientist on a special occasion noting an event of importance in his or her life.
AN = publication type only; check appropriate hist tags; Manual 32.18.8
UI = D016221
Festuca
MS = A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of fescue is also used with some other grasses.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031751
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
MS = A disorder occurring in children born to alcoholic women who continue to drink heavily during pregnancy. Common abnormalities are growth deficiency (prenatal and postnatal), altered morphogenesis, mental deficiency, and characteristic facies - small eyes and flattened nasal bridge. Fine motor dysfunction and tremulousness are observed in the newborn.
AN = in inf born to alcoholic mother; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005310
Fetal Anoxia
MS = Fetal oxygen deficiency.
AN = do not confuse with ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM
UI = D005311
Fetal Blood
MS = Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.
UI = D005312
Fetal Death
MS = Death of the young developing in utero.
AN = Cat C qualif; must refer to fetus only & not to mother
UI = D005313
Fetal Diseases
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; FETAL DISTRESS is available; anoxia = FETAL ANOXIA: do not confuse with ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM
UI = D005315
Fetal Distress
MS = Adverse or threatening condition of the fetus identified by fetal bradycardia or tachycardia and passage of meconium in vertex presentation.
AN = manifested by fetal bradycardia or tachycardia; do not confuse with RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (postnatal)
UI = D005316
Fetal Growth Retardation
MS = The failure of a fetus to attain its expected growth potential at any gestational stage.
UI = D005317
Fetal Heart
MS = The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.
AN = mammals only; use all pertinent qualif (except /blood supply) & do not coord with MYOCARDIUM for HEART/MYOCARDIUM restrictions; not for chick embryo heart ( = CHICK EMBRYO + HEART /embryol)
UI = D005318
Fetal Hemoglobin
MS = The major component of hemoglobin in the fetus. This HEMOGLOBIN has two alpha and two gamma polypeptide subunits in comparison to normal adult hemoglobin, which has two alpha and two beta polypeptide subunits. Fetal hemoglobin concentrations can be elevated (usually above 0.5%) in children and adults affected by LEUKEMIA and several types of ANEMIA.
AN = DF: HBF
UI = D005319
Fetal Macrosomia
MS = A complication of several conditions including DIABETES MELLITUS and prolonged pregnancy. A macrosomic fetus is defined as weighing more than 4000 grams.
AN = do not confuse with INFANT, POSTMATURE (born after 42 wks of gestation)
UI = D005320
Fetal Membranes
MS = Thin layers of tissue which surround the embryo or fetus and provide for its nutrition, respiration, excretion and protection; they are the yolk sac, allantois, amnion, and chorion.
AN = mammalian only but specifics may be used with non-mammalian (e.g., CHICK EMBRYO); induced rupture = LABOR, INDUCED; premature rupture = FETAL MEMBRANES, PREMATURE RUPTURE; rupture in normal labor = FETAL MEMBRANES (IM) + LABOR (IM)
UI = D005321
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
MS = Spontaneous rupture of amniotic sac before the onset of uterine contractions.
AN = before onset of uterine contractions; DF: PROM
UI = D005322
Fetal Monitoring
MS = Physiologic or biochemical monitoring of the fetus. It is usually done during LABOR, OBSTETRIC and may be performed in conjunction with the monitoring of uterine activity. It may also be performed prenatally as when the mother is undergoing surgery.
AN = during LABOR, OBSTETRIC or during prenatal maternal surg
UI = D005323
Fetal Movement
MS = Motion of the fetus perceived by the mother and felt by palpation of the abdomen.
UI = D005324
Fetal Organ Maturity
MS = Functional competence of specific fetal organs or body systems. In humans, it is usually assessed by analysis of amniotic fluid, as in the assessment of fetal lung maturity by analysis for components of pulmonary surfactant.
AN = coord NIM with organ /embryol (IM)
UI = D005325
Fetal Proteins
UI = D005326
Fetal Research
MS = Experimentation on, or using the organs or tissues from, a human or other mammalian conceptus in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, this corresponds to the period from the third month after fertilization until birth.
AN = mammalian only; IM for ethical, legal, moral, social, or religious aspects of research on fetuses; do not routinely add for research involving fetuses; X ref Fetal Cell Research: coord with specific type of cell
UI = D033042
Fetal Resorption
MS = Death and resorption of the fetus at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of gestation. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).
AN = "after completion of organogenesis": does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS)
UI = D005327
Fetal Tissue Transplantation
MS = Transference of fetal tissue between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.
AN = fetal or embryonic; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific tissue in Cat A16 /transpl (IM or NIM) or specific fetal organ /embryol (IM or NIM) + specific fetal organ /transpl (IM or NIM); do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; transpl of fetal brain tissue: coord IM with BRAIN TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION (IM) + specific brain tissue /transpl + /embryol if pertinent (IM or NIM)
UI = D016332
Fetal Viability
MS = The potential of the fetus-in-utero to survive after birth.
UI = D005328
Fetal Weight
MS = The weight of the fetus in utero, which is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.
AN = mammalian only
UI = D020567
Fetishism (Psychiatric)
MS = A condition in which inanimate objects are utilized as a preferred or exclusive method of stimulating erotic arousal.
AN = belief in religious or magic fetishes goes under RELIGION; SUPERSTITION & its indentions, ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL or other pertinent term; DF: FETISHISM
UI = D005329
Fetofetal Transfusion
MS = Passage of blood from one fetus to another via an arteriovenous communication or other shunt, in a monozygotic twin pregnancy. It results in anemia in one twin and polycythemia in the other. (Lee et al., Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 9th ed, p737-8)
AN = "passage of blood from one fetus to another via an arteriovenous communication or other shunt"; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; do not coord with DISEASES IN TWINS; TN 186: differentiate among various "transfusion" concepts
UI = D005330
Fetomaternal Transfusion
MS = Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = transplacental passage of blood from fetus to mother's circ; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; TN 186: differentiate among various "transfusion" concepts; transfer of immunity from mother to fetus = IMMUNITY, MATERNALLY-ACQUIRED
UI = D005331
Fetoscopes
MS = Endoscopes for viewing the embryo, fetus and amniotic cavity.
UI = D020669
Fetoscopy
MS = Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the fetus and amniotic cavity through abdominal or uterine entry.
UI = D005332
Fetus
MS = The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO.
AN = mammalian only; human: 3d month to term; fetus in fetu: index under FETUS /abnorm; FETUS and PREGNANCY: Manual 18.4.3, 21.55; definition & use: 21.53; specialty for fetus & newborn inf = PERINATOLOGY; retained fetus: index under ABORTION, MISSED; for mummified fetus, consider also ABORTION, MISSED; lithopedion: coord FETUS (IM) + CALCINOSIS (IM); intrauterine surg goes under FETUS /surg; fetal organs & tissues in tissue & cell cultures: coord FETUS + organ or tissue without qualif (not with /embryol) + culture term, all probably NIM
UI = D005333
Fever
MS = An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.
AN = /ther = treatment of FEVER: differentiate from FEVER THERAPY see HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED ( = high body temp induced to treat dis); /chem ind: consider also HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED or PYROGENS
UI = D005334
Fever of Unknown Origin
MS = Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.
AN = referred to as FUO; for ultimate determ of cause or origin coord FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN /etiol (IM) (not /diag) + disease /compl (IM) (not /diag)
UI = D005335
Fiber Optics
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D005336
Fibril-Associated Collagens
MS = A family of non-fibrillar collagens that interact with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS. They contain short triple helical domains interrupted by short non-helical domains and do not form into collagen fibrils.
AN = do not confuse with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS or MICROFIBRIL COLLAGEN HEMOSTAT see COLLAGEN; precursors: coord IM with PROCOLLAGEN (IM)
UI = D024021
Fibrillar Collagens
MS = A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
AN = GEN; prefer specifics; do not confuse with FIBRIL-ASSOCIATED COLLAGENS or MICROFIBRIL COLLAGEN HEMOSTAT see COLLAGEN; precusors: coord IM with PROCOLLAGEN (IM)
UI = D024022
Fibrin
MS = A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.
UI = D005337
Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
MS = Soluble protein fragments formed by the proteolytic action of plasmin on fibrin or fibrinogen. FDP and their complexes profoundly impair the hemostatic process and are a major cause of hemorrhage in intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.
AN = in texts as FDP; DF: FFDP
UI = D005338
Fibrin Foam
MS = A dry artificial sterile sponge of fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a foam or solution of fibrinogen. It is used in conjunction with thrombin as a hemostatic in surgery at sites where bleeding cannot be controlled by more common methods. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p648)
AN = a hemostatic
UI = D005339
Fibrin Tissue Adhesive
MS = An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing fibrinogen and thrombin. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, Factor VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as aprotinin. Mixing of the two components promotes clotting and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, hemostasis, and wound healing.
UI = D015718
Fibrinogen
MS = Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.
AN = a blood coag factor: do not confuse X ref FACTOR I with COMPLEMENT FACTOR I
UI = D005340
Fibrinogens, Abnormal
MS = Fibrinogens which have a functional defect as the result of one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid sequence of normal fibrinogen. Abnormalities of the fibrinogen molecule may impair any of the major steps involved in the conversion of fibrinogen into stabilized fibrin, such as cleavage of the fibrinopeptides by thrombin, polymerization and cross-linking of fibrin. The resulting dysfibrinogenemias can be clinically silent or can be associated with bleeding, thrombosis or defective wound healing.
AN = "have a functional defect as the result of one or more amino acid substitutions in the amino acid seq of normal fibrinogen"; DF: FIBRINOGENS ABNORM
UI = D015241
Fibrinolysis
MS = The natural enzymatic dissolution of FIBRIN.
UI = D005342
Fibrinolytic Agents
MS = Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to fibrinolysin (PLASMIN).
UI = D005343
Fibrinopeptide A
MS = Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.
UI = D005344
Fibrinopeptide B
MS = Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.
UI = D005345
Fibroadenoma
MS = An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = do not confuse with ADENOFIBROMA; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D018226
Fibroblast Growth Factor 1
MS = A 17 kD single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of ANGIOGENESIS. It binds to HEPARIN, which potentiates its biological activity and protects it from proteolysis. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages, and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. It was originally named acidic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from basic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2).
AN = DF: FGF1
UI = D016220
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
MS = A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).
AN = DF: FGFB
UI = D016222
Fibroblast Growth Factors
MS = A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.
UI = D005346
Fibroblasts
MS = Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
UI = D005347
Fibrocystic Disease of Breast
MS = A chronic disorder comprising three variants which range from lesions consisting primarily of an overgrowth of fibrous tissue to those characterized by dominance of the proliferation of the epithelial parenchyma to a form of dysplasia characterized by both stromal and epithelial hyperplasia with the formation of cysts.
AN = commonly chronic so do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE; breast cyst fluid: coord IM with EXUDATES AND TRANSUDATES with pertinent qualif (NIM)
UI = D005348
Fibroin
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D005349
Fibroma
MS = A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.
AN = not for uterine fibroma ( = LEIOMYOMA + UTERINE NEOPLASMS); note X ref FIBROMATOSIS but FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL; FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE & FIBROMATOSIS, GINGIVAL are available; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D005350
Fibroma Virus, Rabbit
MS = A species of LEPORIPOXVIRUS causing subcutaneous localized swellings in rabbits, usually on the feet.
AN = X ref SHOPE FIBROMA VIRUS, described by Shope in 1932: do not confuse with SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D012776
Fibroma, Desmoplastic
MS = A extremely rare bone tumor characterized by abundant collagen formation and a fibrous stroma, without evidence of mitosis or pleomorphism. It appears on x-rays as an osteolytic lesion with well-defined margins and must be differentiated from primary fibrosarcoma of bone. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1441)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D018220
Fibroma, Ossifying
MS = A benign, relatively slow-growing, central bone tumor, usually of the jaws (especially the mandible) which is composed of fibrous connective tissue within which bone is formed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BONE NEOPLASMS (IM) or specific precoord bone/neopl term (IM) or specific bone (IM) + BONE NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D018214
Fibromatosis, Abdominal
MS = A relatively large mass of unusually firm scarlike connective tissue resulting from active participation of fibroblasts, occurring most frequently in the abdominal muscles of women who have borne children. The fibroblasts infiltrate surrounding muscle and fascia. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = abdom refers to the abdom muscles; multiple; solitary = probably FIBROMA; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; do not coord with ABDOMINAL MUSCLES or ABDOMINAL NEOPLASMS (see note there)
UI = D018221
Fibromatosis, Aggressive
MS = A childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body but do not metastasize. The adult form of abdominal fibromatosis is FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = in children; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term if specified (IM)
UI = D018222
Fibromatosis, Gingival
MS = Generalized or localized diffuse fibrous overgrowth of the gingival tissue, usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, but some cases are idiopathic and others produced by drugs. The enlarged gingiva is pink, firm, and has a leather-like consistency with a minutely pebbled surface and in severe cases the teeth are almost completely covered and the enlargement projects into the oral vestibule. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = non-neoplastic; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005351
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
MS = An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to stenosis of small and medium-sized arteries. Most commonly affected are the renal arteries; involvement of the axillary, iliac, basilar, carotid, hepatic and intracranial arteries have been reported.
AN = affects musculature of arterial walls: do not confuse with various musc dis in Cat C5; coord IM with specific artery or pre-coord arterial dis (IM)
UI = D005352
Fibromyalgia
MS = A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)
UI = D005356
Fibronectins
MS = Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.
AN = extracellular matrix proteins; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D005353
Fibrosarcoma
MS = A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D005354
Fibrosis
MS = Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.
AN = NIM only as pathol process with no qualif: coord with Cat A term /pathol (IM); several specific fibrosis terms are also available
UI = D005355
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone
MS = A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex and replacement of bone marrow by gritty fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; periapical fibrous dysplasia = CEMENTOMA; craniofacial fibrous dysplasia = FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC (IM) + SKULL (IM) + FACIAL BONES (IM)
UI = D005357
Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic
MS = FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.
AN = Jaffe-Lichtenstein usually goes here but check text for possible "polyostotic"
UI = D005358
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
MS = FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several or many bones. When associated with melanotic pigmentation of the skin and endocrine disorders, it is known as Albright's syndrome. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = sometimes Jaffe-Lichtenstein (usually monostotic) goes here: check text; craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: coord IM with FACIAL BONES (IM) + SKULL (IM)
UI = D005359
Fibula
MS = The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.
UI = D005360
Ficain
MS = A sulfhydryl proteinase with cysteine at the active site from ficus latex. Preferential cleavage is at tyrosine and phenylalanine residues. EC 3.4.22.3.
UI = D005361
Ficoll
MS = A sucrose polymer of high molecular weight.
UI = D005362
Fictional Works [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of creative writing, not presented as factual.
UI = D022922
Ficus
MS = A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. It is the source of the familiar fig fruit and the latex from this tree contains FICAIN.
AN = X ref RUBBER PLANT: RUBBER TREE see HEVEA is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D030681
Ficusin
MS = A naturally occuring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.
AN = do not confuse X ref PSORALEN, this specific drug, with PSORALENS;
UI = D005363
Field Dependence-Independence
MS = The ability to respond to segments of the perceptual experience rather than to the whole.
AN = no qualif
UI = D005364
FIGLU Test
MS = A urine test for formiminoglutamic acid, an intermediate metabolite in L-histidine catabolism in the conversion of L-histidine to L-glutamic acid. It may be an indicator of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency or liver disease.
UI = D005365
Figural Aftereffect
MS = A perceptual phenomenon used by Gestalt psychologists to demonstrate that events in one part of the perceptual field may affect perception in another part.
AN = usually involves displacement of afterimage of geometric pattern in shape & space: differentiate from AFTERIMAGE; while both are in the field of perception, AFTERIMAGE is likely to be in ophthalmol jrnls, FIGURAL AFTEREFFECT, in psychol jrnls
UI = D005366
Fiji
MS = A republic consisting of an island group in Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Suva. It was discovered by Abel Tasman in 1643 and was visited by Captain Cook in 1774. It was used by escaped convicts from Australia as early as 1804. It was annexed by Great Britain in 1874 but achieved independence in 1970. The name Fiji is of uncertain origin. In its present form it may represent that of Viti, the main island in the group. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p396 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p186)
AN = an island group in Melanesia
UI = D005367
Filariasis
MS = Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischaemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; drug ther: consider FILARICIDES
UI = D005368
Filaricides
MS = Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.
AN = consider also FILARIOIDEA /drug eff & FILARIASIS /drug ther or pertinent specifics
UI = D005369
Filarioidea
MS = A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder SPIRURINA. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.
AN = infection = FILARIASIS but see note there; coord with specific helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc) if pertinent: /drug eff: consider FILARICIDES
UI = D005370
Filgrastim
MS = A hematopoietic growth factor which promotes proliferation and maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Clinically it is effective in decreasing the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive therapy or in reducing the duration of neutropenia and neutropenia-related clinical sequelae in patients with non-myeloid malignancies undergoing myeloblastive chemotherapy followed by BMT. It has also been used in AIDS patients with CMV retinitis being treated with GANCICLOVIR. (Gelman CR, Rumack BH & Hess AJ (eds): DRUGDEX(R) System. MICROMEDEX, Inc., Englewood, Colorado (Edition expires 11/30/95))
AN = /drug eff permitted
UI = D019376
Filing
MS = Collections of related records treated as a unit; ordering of such files.
AN = IM
UI = D005371
Filipendula
MS = A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. Members contain TANNINS.
AN = X ref DROPWORT: WATER DROPWORT = OENANTHE is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031984
Filipin
MS = A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.
UI = D005372
Film Dosimetry
MS = Use of a device (film badge) for measuring exposure of individuals to radiation. It is usually made of metal, plastic, or paper and loaded with one or more pieces of x-ray film.
UI = D005373
Filoviridae
MS = A family of viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, containing filamentous virions. Although they resemble RHABDOVIRIDAE in possessing helical nucleocapsids, Filoviridae differ in the length and degree of branching in their virions. There are two genera: EBOLA-LIKE VIRUSES and MARBURG-LIKE VIRUSES.
AN = infection = FILOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
UI = D016563
Filoviridae Infections
MS = Infections with viruses of the family FILOVIRIDAE. The infections in humans consist of a variety of clinically similar viral hemorrhagic fevers but the natural reservoir host is unknown.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D018702
Filtering Surgery
MS = A surgical procedure used in treatment of glaucoma in which an opening is created through which aqueous fluid may pass from the anterior chamber into a sac created beneath the conjunctiva, thus lowering the pressure within the eye. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)
AN = in glaucoma surg; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: FILTERING SURG
UI = D018463
Filtration
MS = A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
AN = NIM; includes filtration of fluids, gases & radiations; not for electrical or electronic filtering; filters: index FILTRATION /instrum; HEMOFILTRATION & ULTRAFILTRATION are available; note ACETATE-FREE BIOFILTRATION see HEMODIAFILTRATION
UI = D005374
Fimbriae Proteins
MS = Proteins that are structural components of bacterial fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) or sex pili (PILI, SEX).
AN = Coordinate with PILI, SEX if involved in BACTERIAL CONJUGATION, otherwise coordinate with FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL
UI = D036781
Fimbriae, Bacterial
MS = Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).
AN = appendages of gram-neg bact; coord IM with specific bacterium (IM or NIM) if pertinent; A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted; DF: FIMBRIAE BACT
UI = D010861
Financial Audit
MS = An examination, review and verification of all financial accounts.
UI = D005375
Financial Management
MS = The obtaining and management of funds for institutional needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
UI = D005376
Financial Management, Hospital
MS = The obtaining and management of funds for hospital needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
UI = D005377
Financial Support
MS = The provision of monetary resources including money or capital and credit; obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise and the funds so obtained. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed.)
UI = D005378
Financing, Construction
MS = Funding resources and procedures for capital improvement or the construction of facilities.
UI = D005379
Financing, Government
MS = Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.
AN = specify geog for the govt
UI = D005380
Financing, Organized
MS = All organized methods of funding.
AN = IM
UI = D005381
Financing, Personal
MS = Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.
AN = restricted to a person's payment of health care expenditures: read MeSH definition; not for the personal finances of physicans & other health care professionals: index under PHYSICIANS; DENTISTS; NURSES; PHARMACISTS; etc., for personal non-professional expenses or under PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, MEDICAL; PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, DENTAL & similar headings for finances assoc with professional practice
UI = D005382
Finasteride
MS = An orally active TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
UI = D018120
Finger Injuries
MS = General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.
AN = consider also THUMB /inj
UI = D005383
Finger Joint
AN = primates only: TN 117; TN 238: differentiation from FINGERS & indexing instructions
UI = D005384
Fingers
AN = primates only: TN 117; /inj = FINGER INJURIES but consider also THUMB /inj; TN 238: differentiation from FINGER JOINT & indexing instructions; NIM when merely locational as in HAND DERMATOSES (IM)
UI = D005385
Fingersucking
MS = Sucking of the finger. This is one of the most common manipulations of the body found in young children.
UI = D005386
Finite Element Analysis
MS = A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.
AN = DF: Finite Element Anal
UI = D020342
Finland
UI = D005387
Fire Extinguishing Systems
MS = Automatic or hand operated equipment used to control and extinguish fires.
UI = D005388
Firearms
MS = Small-arms weapons, including handguns, pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, etc.
AN = ballistics goes here only if pertinent to nature of firearm; wound ballistics goes under BALLISTICS, WOUND see WOUNDS, GUNSHOT & FORENSIC MEDICINE if pertinent
UI = D005389
Fires
UI = D005390
Firesetting Behavior
MS = A compulsion to set fires.
UI = D005391
First Aid
UI = D005392
Fish Diseases
MS = Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).
AN = IM GEN or unspecified; coord IM with specific dis /vet (IM) & specific fish (IM); for abnormalities or injuries, index under FISHES /abnorm or FISHES /inj; don't forget also FISHES (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL; DF: FISH DIS
UI = D005393
Fish Flour
MS = A flour made of pulverized, dried fish or fish parts.
AN = not for "fish meal", which is indexed under FISH PRODUCTS
UI = D005394
Fish Oils
MS = Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the livers. Those from the liver are usually high in vitamin A. The oils are used as dietary supplements, in soaps and detergents, as protective coatings, and as a base for other food products such as vegetable shortenings.
AN = coord IM with specific fish (NIM)
UI = D005395
Fish Products
MS = Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).
AN = "food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal)" but for canned fish coord FISHES (IM) or specific fish (IM) + FOOD PRESERVATION (IM); coord IM with fish source (NIM)
UI = D005396
Fish Proteins
MS = Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).
AN = coorrd IM with specific protein (IM) + specific fish (IM)
UI = D029941
Fish Venoms
MS = Venoms produced by fishes, including sharks and sting rays, usually delivered by spines. They contain various substances, including very labile toxins that affect the heart specifically and all muscles generally.
AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTIVENINS; /enzymol permitted
UI = D005397
Fisheries
MS = Places for cultivation and harvesting of fish, particularly in sea waters. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
AN = specify geog if pertinent
UI = D005398
Fishes
MS = A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; canned fish: see note on FISH PRODUCTS
UI = D005399
Fishes, Poisonous
AN = IM; qualif permitted
UI = D005400
Fissure in Ano
MS = A painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal. (Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = ulcer at margin of anus; do not confuse X ref ANAL FISSURE with ANAL FISTULA see RECTAL FISTULA
UI = D005401
Fistula
MS = Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with organ (IM) or precoord organ/dis term (IM); policy: Manual 23.19+; anal fistula or fistula in ano: index RECTAL FISTULA, not FISSURE IN ANO; artificial fistula: Manual 23.19.7; ECK FISTULA see PORTACAVAL SHUNT, SURGICAL is also available
UI = D005402
Fitness Centers
MS = Facilities having programs intended to promote and maintain a state of physical well-being for optimal performance and health.
UI = D020446
Fixation, Ocular
MS = The positioning and accomodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.
UI = D005403
Fixatives
MS = Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.
AN = do not restrict to histol techniques: may be microbiol techniques also; D25-26 qualif
UI = D005404
FK 33-824
MS = A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D005405
Flacourtiaceae
MS = The Indian plum plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae class Magnoliopsida, that are tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031308
Flagella
MS = A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
AN = do not confuse with FLAGELLATA see MASTIGOPHORA, a subphylum of protozoa
UI = D005407
Flagellin
MS = A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.
AN = a bact protein
UI = D005408
Flail Chest
MS = A complication of multiple rib fractures, rib and sternum fractures, or thoracic surgery. A portion of the chest wall becomes isolated from the thoracic cage and exhibits paradoxical respiration.
AN = compl of chest inj
UI = D005409
Flame Ionization
MS = Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.
AN = a type of gas chromatogr; NIM
UI = D005410
Flame Retardants
MS = Materials applied to fabrics, bedding, furniture, plastics, etc. to retard their burning; many may leach out and cause allergies or other harm.
UI = D005411
Flank Pain
MS = Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM.
UI = D021501
Flatfishes
MS = Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.
AN = sole may be SOLEA see FLATFISHES or FLOUNDER (Pleuronectidae); check text
UI = D005412
Flatfoot
MS = A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.
AN = congen or acquired
UI = D005413
Flatulence
MS = Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.
AN = /drug ther: consider also ANTIFOAMING AGENTS; see note on "intestinal gases" under GASES
UI = D005414
Flaveria
MS = A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is used for experiments in molecular genetic studies in plant physiology and development.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D037142
Flavin Mononucleotide
MS = A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
UI = D005486
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide
MS = A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
UI = D005182
Flavins
AN = pigments; do not confuse with FLAVONES, bioflavonoids
UI = D005415
Flaviviridae
MS = A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.
AN = infection = FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS
UI = D018067
Flaviviridae Infections
MS = Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE.
AN = caused by members of the Flaviviridae family: do not confuse with FLAVIVIRUS INFECTIONS caused by members of the Flavivirus genus; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D018178
Flavivirus
MS = A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
AN = infection = FLAVIVIRUS INFECTIONS
UI = D005416
Flavivirus Infections
MS = Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.
AN = caused by members of the Flavivirus genus: do not confuse with FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS caused by members of the Flaviviridae family; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D018177
Flavobacterium
MS = A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in soil and water. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, milk and other foods, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.
AN = found in soil, water, raw meats, milk, hosp environments & humans; infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FLAVOBACT
UI = D005417
Flavodoxin
MS = A low-molecular-weight (16,000) iron-free flavoprotein containing one molecule of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and isolated from bacteria grown on an iron-deficient medium. It can replace ferredoxin in all the electron-transfer functions in which the latter is known to serve in bacterial cells.
AN = a bact protein
UI = D005418
Flavones
AN = bioflavonoids; do not confuse with FLAVINS, pigments
UI = D005419
Flavoproteins
UI = D005420
Flavoring Agents
MS = Substances added to foods and medicine to improve the quality of taste.
AN = IM; coord with specific substance if pertinent (IM)
UI = D005421
Flavoxate
MS = A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.
UI = D005422
Flax
MS = A plant genus of the family LINACEAE that is cultivated for its fiber (manufactured into linen cloth). It contains a trypsin inhibitor and the seed is the source of LINSEED OIL.
AN = despite X ref FLAXSEED, coord IM with SEEDS (IM); coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D019597
Fleas
MS = Parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless insects comprising the order Siphonaptera.
AN = do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
UI = D005423
Flecainide
MS = A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients.
UI = D005424
Fleroxacin
MS = A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase.
UI = D016576
Flicker Fusion
MS = The point or frequency at which all flicker of an intermittent light stimulus disappears.
AN = also called flicker fusion frequency (FFF)
UI = D005425
Flight, Animal
AN = flight is the use of wings to pass through air: do not confuse with FLIGHT REACTION see ESCAPE REACTION
UI = D005426
Flocculation
AN = almost never IM; no qualif
UI = D005427
Flocculation Tests
MS = Precipitin tests in which precipitation occurs over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)
AN = NIM
UI = D005428
Floors and Floorcoverings
MS = The surface of a structure upon which one stands or walks.
AN = for houses, commerc estab, hosp, institutions, etc.; DF: FLOORS
UI = D005430
Florida
UI = D005431
Flounder
MS = Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.
AN = sole may be FLOUNDER (Pleuronectidae) or SOLEA see FLATFISHES
UI = D005432
Flour
AN = restrict to wheat or other grains; FISH FLOUR is available
UI = D005433
Flow Cytometry
MS = Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
AN = flow cell sorting & FLUORESCENCE-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING: coord with CELL SEPARATION
UI = D005434
Flow Injection Analysis
MS = The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.
AN = an anal chem technique; NIM; DF: FLOW INJECT ANAL
UI = D017022
Flowering Tops
MS = Tops of plants when in flower, including the stems, leaves and blooms.
AN = coord with specific plant
UI = D035263
Flowers
MS = The reproductive organs of plants.
AN = coord with specific plant
UI = D035264
Floxacillin
MS = Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.
UI = D005436
Floxuridine
MS = An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
AN = an antiviral & antineoplastic antimetabolite
UI = D005467
Fluconazole
MS = Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.
UI = D015725
Flucytosine
MS = A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
UI = D005437
Fludeoxyglucose F 18
MS = The compound is given by intravenous injection for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)
UI = D019788
Fludrocortisone
MS = A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.
UI = D005438
Flufenamic Acid
MS = An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)
UI = D005439
Fluid Shifts
MS = Translocation of body fluids. Shifts from the lower body to the upper part of the body occur under conditions of actual and simulated weightlessness and have the effect of reducing the total body water content and producing a temporary hypovolemic state. Shifts are also seen following hemodialysis and are caused by electrolyte imbalances. (From Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, p151)
AN = shift of body fluids; often a result of weightlessness
UI = D018495
Fluid Therapy
MS = Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to water-electrolyte balance. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by hypodermoclysis.
AN = "to restore volume & composition of body fluids...with respect to water-electrolyte balance"; for other nourishment use PARENTERAL FEEDING or specifics; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with dis /ther (IM), not dis /diet ther; do not specify route of admin unless particularly significant (& then only NIM)
UI = D005440
Fluids and Secretions
MS = Liquid substances produced by living organisms to fulfill specific functions or excreted as waste. Secretions do not include hormones or enzymes.
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
UI = D005441
Flumazenil
MS = A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005442
Flumethasone
MS = An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent
UI = D005443
Flunarizine
MS = Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.
UI = D005444
Flunitrazepam
MS = Benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug. Steps are being taken to reclassify this substance as a Schedule 1 drug with no accepted medical use.
AN = colloquially called "rophies" & "roofies" from X ref ROHYPNOL
UI = D005445
Fluocinolone Acetonide
MS = One of the GLUCOCORTICOIDS used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
UI = D005446
Fluocinonide
MS = A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of eczemas.
UI = D005447
Fluocortolone
MS = A topical glucocorticoid (GLUCOCORTICOIDS, TOPICAL) with anti-inflammatory activity used for various skin disorders.
UI = D005448
Fluorenes
MS = A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.
AN = carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons; do not confuse with FLUORINE; D25-26 qualif
UI = D005449
Fluorescamine
MS = A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005450
Fluorescein
MS = A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium, such as the aqueous humor, and is used therapeutically as a diagnostic aid in corneal injuries and corneal trauma. It has been approved by FDA for use in externally applied drugs and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 12th ed; American Medical Association Drug Evaluations; 1995, p2275)
UI = D019793
Fluorescein Angiography
MS = Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; coord disease with /diag, not /radiogr since this is not a radiogr technique; DF: FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGR
UI = D005451
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
MS = Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D016650
Fluoresceins
MS = A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.
UI = D005452
Fluorescence
MS = The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.
AN = no qualif; IM for principle of physics but be careful of use of word describing many "fluorescence" techniques as main headings; fluorescence-activated cell sorting: index under CELL SEPARATION + FLOW CYTOMETRY
UI = D005453
Fluorescence Polarization
MS = Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.
AN = determ of polarization of fluorescent light: do not confuse with FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY, its application to hapten-antibody reaction; NIM
UI = D005454
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay
MS = Fluoroimmunoassay where detection of the hapten-antibody reaction is based on measurement of the increased polarization of fluorescence-labeled hapten when it is combined with antibody. The assay is very useful for the measurement of small haptenic antigens such as drugs at low concentrations.
AN = NIM; application of fluorescence polarization to hapten-antibody reaction: do not confuse with FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION, determ of polarization of fluorescent light; DF: FPIA
UI = D016231
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
MS = A method used to study the lateral movement of MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. A small area of a cell membrane is bleached by laser light and the amount of time necessary for unbleached fluorescent marker-tagged proteins to diffuse back into the bleached site is a measurement of the cell membrane's fluidity. The diffusion coefficient of a protein or lipid in the membrane can be calculated from the data. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995).
UI = D036681
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
MS = A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.
AN = coord as appropriate with MICROSCOPY and its indentations
UI = D031541
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MS = Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
AN = NIM; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: FANA TEST
UI = D005455
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct
MS = A form of fluorescent antibody technique utilizing a fluorochrome conjugated to an antibody, which is added directly to a tissue or cell suspension for the detection of a specific antigen. (Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
AN = NIM; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT is also available; DF: DFAT
UI = D019085
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
MS = A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
AN = NIM; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT is also available; DF: IFAT
UI = D019084
Fluorescent Dyes
MS = Dyes that emit light when exposed to light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. They are used as markers in biochemistry and immunology.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005456
Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test
MS = Serologic assay that detects antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the etiologic agent of syphilis. After diluting the patient's serum to remove non-specific antibodies, the serum is mixed on a glass slide with Nichol's strain of Treponema pallidum. An antigen-antibody reaction occurs if the test is positive and the bound antibodies are detected with fluoresceinated antihuman gamma-globulin antibody.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: note short X ref
UI = D016508
Fluoridation
AN = /adv eff permitted but more likely is FLUORIDES /adv eff or specific fluoride terms /adv eff; = "fluoridation of water supply" so do not also coord with WATER SUPPLY
UI = D005457
Fluoride Poisoning
MS = GEN or unspecified fluoride; prefer /pois with specific fluoride term
UI = D005458
Fluorides
MS = Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
AN = only for inorganic cpds or fluoride ion; /admin: consider also FLUORIDES, TOPICAL
UI = D005459
Fluorides, Topical
MS = Fluorides, usually as pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of dental caries.
AN = cariostatic agents; D25-26 qualif; fluoride-containing toothpastes: index TOOTHPASTE (IM) + FLUORIDES (IM), not here; fluoride-containing mouthwashes: index MOUTHWASHES (IM) + FLUORIDES (IM), not here
UI = D005460
Fluorine
MS = A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as flouride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.
AN = F-19; F-17, 18, 20-22 = FLUORINE RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
UI = D005461
Fluorine Compounds
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain fluorine as an integral part of the molecule.
AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: FLUORINE CPDS
UI = D017611
Fluorine Radioisotopes
MS = Unstable isotopes of fluorine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. F atoms with atomic weights 17, 18, and 20-22 are radioactive fluorine isotopes.
AN = F-17, 18, 20-22; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)
UI = D005462
Fluoroacetates
MS = Derivatives of acetic acid with one or more fluorines attached. They are almost odorless, difficult to detect chemically, and very stable. The acid itself, as well as the derivatives that are broken down in the body to the acid, are highly toxic substances, behaving as convulsant poisons with a delayed action. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
UI = D005463
Fluorobenzenes
UI = D005464
Fluorocarbon Polymers
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005465
Fluorocarbons
MS = Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.
AN = do not confuse with HYDROCARBONS, FLUORINATED or CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
UI = D005466
Fluorodeoxyuridylate
MS = 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.
UI = D005468
Fluoroimmunoassay
MS = The use of fluorescence spectrometry to obtain quantitative results for the FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE. One advantage over the other methods (e.g., radioimmunoassay) is its extreme sensitivity, with a detection limit on the order of tenths of microgram/liter.
AN = used with reference to the FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE where it is indented; NIM
UI = D015200
Fluorometholone
MS = A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & topical glucocorticoid
UI = D005469
Fluorometry
AN = NIM
UI = D005470
Fluorophotometry
MS = Measurement of light given off by fluorescein in order to assess the integrity of various ocular barriers. The method is used to investigate the blood-aqueous barrier, blood-retinal barrier, aqueous flow measurements, corneal endothelial permeability, and tear flow dynamics.
AN = NIM; note X refs & read MeSH definition: restrict to ophthalmology
UI = D015590
Fluoroquinolones
MS = A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.
UI = D024841
Fluoroscopy
MS = Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.
AN = NIM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D005471
Fluorosis, Dental
MS = A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
AN = do not confuse with TOOTH DISCOLORATION; DF: FLUOROSIS DENT
UI = D009050
Fluorouracil
MS = A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.
UI = D005472
Fluoxetine
MS = The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
UI = D005473
Fluoxymesterone
MS = An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.
UI = D005474
Flupenthixol
MS = A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)
UI = D005475
Fluphenazine
MS = A phenothiazine used in the treatment of psychoses. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.
UI = D005476
Fluprednisolone
MS = A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent
UI = D005477
Flurandrenolone
MS = A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)
AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm & dermatol agent
UI = D005478
Flurazepam
MS = A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.
UI = D005479
Flurbiprofen
MS = An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.
UI = D005480
Flurogestone Acetate
MS = A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.
UI = D003425
Flurothyl
MS = A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.
UI = D005481
Flushing
MS = A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, stress, or a disease process.
AN = note category: do not confuse with BLUSHING (F1 & F2) nor HOT FLASHES in menopause (C23)
UI = D005483
Fluspirilene
MS = A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.
UI = D005484
Flutamide
MS = An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.
UI = D005485
Fluvoxamine
MS = A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is effective in the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety, panic disorders, and alcohol amnestic disorders.
UI = D016666
FMRFamide
MS = A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)
UI = D019835
Foam Cells
MS = Lipid-laden macrophages originating from monocytes or from smooth muscle cells.
AN = "lipid-laden macrophages"; A 11 qualif
UI = D005487
Focal Adhesions
MS = An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate. It is composed of a specialized area of the plasma membrane where bundles of MICROFILAMENTS terminate and attach to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.
UI = D022001
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
MS = A genetic skin disease characterized by hypoplasia of the dermis, herniations of fat, and hand anomalies. It is found exclusively in females and transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait.
AN = sometimes called Goltz-Gorlin syndrome but do not confuse with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome which is same as GORLIN SYNDROME see BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005489
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia
MS = Hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and less commonly, the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and palate, presenting soft, painless, round to oval sessile papules about 1 to 4 mm in diameter. The condition usually occurs in children and young adults and has familial predilection, lasting for several months, sometimes years, before running its course. A viral etiology is suspected, the isolated organism being usually the human papillomavirus. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry; Belshe, Textbook of Human Virology, 2d ed, p954)
AN = a mouth dis; DF: note short X ref
UI = D017573
Focal Infection
AN = IM; coord with precoord organ/dis site of infection (IM) + name of infection (IM)
UI = D005490
Focal Infection, Dental
MS = Secondary or systemic infections due to dissemination throughout the body of microorganisms whose primary focus of infection lies in the periodontal tissues.
AN = IM; coord with precoord organ/dis site of infection (IM) + name of infection (IM); DF: FOCAL INFECT DENT
UI = D005491
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
MS = Benign, usually asymptomatic nodule of the liver, occurring chiefly in women. It is a firm, highly vascular mass resembling cirrhosis, usually with a stellate fibrous core containing numerous small bile ducts, and having vessels lined by Kupffer cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D020518
Focus Groups
MS = A method of data collection and a qualitative research tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.
AN = a method of data collection & qualitative research
UI = D017144
Foeniculum
MS = A plant genus of the family APIACEAE used in SPICES.
AN = X ref FENNEL: GIANT FENNEL see FERULA and DOG FENNEL see ANTHEMIS are also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D030001
Folic Acid
MS = A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
AN = /biosyn permitted for bact & yeasts; /physiol permitted
UI = D005492
Folic Acid Antagonists
MS = Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
AN = DF: FOLIC ACID ANTAG
UI = D005493
Folic Acid Deficiency
MS = A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)
AN = a vitamin B defic; DF: FOLIC ACID DEFIC
UI = D005494
Folklore
MS = The common orally transmitted traditions, myths, festivals, songs, superstitions, and stories of all peoples.
AN = no qualif
UI = D005495
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
MS = A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
AN = for alpha subunit, coord with GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES, ALPHA SUBUNIT; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is also available
UI = D005640
Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit
MS = The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone. It is a 15 kD glycopolypeptide. Full biological activity of FSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the FSHB gene causes delayed puberty, or infertility.
UI = D037201
Follicular Atresia
MS = The degeneration and resorption of an OVARIAN FOLLICLE before it reaches maturity and ruptures.
UI = D005496
Follicular Cyst
MS = Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D005497
Follicular Fluid
MS = The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.
UI = D015571
Follicular Phase
MS = The period of the MENSTRUAL CYCLE representing follicular growth, increase in ovarian estrogen (ESTROGENS) production, and epithelial proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM. Follicular phase begins with the onset of MENSTRUATION and ends with OVULATION.
UI = D005498
Folliculitis
MS = Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.
AN = inflammation of hair follicles
UI = D005499
Follistatin
MS = A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37 kD and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.
UI = D038681
Follistatin-Related Proteins
MS = Broadly distributed glycoproteins that are homologous to the activin-binding protein, FOLLISTATIN. These follistatin-related proteins are encoded by a number of genes.
AN = note species-specific terms in SCR
UI = D038702
Follow-Up Studies
MS = Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent; TN 86: definition & use: usually epidemiol in concept; relation to age tag: Manual 18.5.13, relation to CASE REPORT: Manual 18.11.6
UI = D005500
Fonofos
MS = An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.
AN = TN 111 for eff on insects
UI = D004397
Fontan Procedure
MS = A procedure in which total right atrial or total caval blood flow is channeled directly into the pulmonary artery or into a small right ventricle that serves only as a conduit. The principal congenital malformations for which this operation is useful are TRICUSPID ATRESIA and single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis.
UI = D018729
Food
MS = Anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = /adv eff = probably FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY or FOOD POISONING; /rad eff = probably FOOD IRRADIATION or FOOD CONTAMINATION, RADIOACTIVE; Manual 31.5-31.12; food consumption = FOOD or EATING or FOOD SUPPLY; food for animals = ANIMAL FEED; refeeding after starvation goes here; microbes found in food: consider FOOD MICROBIOLOGY (IM) + specific microbe (IM); parasites found in food: consider FOOD PARASITOLOGY (IM) + specific parasite (IM); differentiation from DIET & NUTRITION: see note under NUTRITION & Manual 31.5
UI = D005502
Food Additives
MS = Substances which are of little or no nutritive value, but are used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed, especially in the developed countries; includes ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS (both plain and LOCAL); VEHICLES; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are PHARMACEUTIC AIDS when added to pharmaceuticals rather than to foods.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005503
Food Analysis
AN = GEN only; prefer /anal with specific food item in Cat J2
UI = D005504
Food and Beverages
MS = Edible or potable substances.
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
UI = D019602
Food Chain
MS = The sequence of transfers of matter and energy from organism to organism in the form of food. Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant. Plants, which convert solar energy to food by photosynthesis, are the primary food source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a larger animal. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by smaller organisms. In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.
UI = D020387
Food Coloring Agents
MS = Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005505
Food Contamination
MS = The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.
AN = coord IM with specific food item probably NIM; contamination by dirt, dust, chemicals & toxic substances, organisms; contamination by microbes: consider FOOD MICROBIOLOGY (IM) + specific microbe (IM) + specific food item (IM or NIM); contamination by parasites: consider FOOD PARASITOLOGY (IM) + specific parasite (IM) + specific food item (IM or NIM)
UI = D005506
Food Contamination, Radioactive
AN = do not confuse with FOOD IRRADIATION: food preservation by irradiation
UI = D005507
Food Deprivation
MS = The withholding of food in a structured experimental situation.
AN = human & animal; /physiol permitted for physiol & metab eff
UI = D005508
Food Dispensers, Automatic
MS = Mechanical food dispensing machines.
UI = D005509
Food Habits
MS = Acquired or learned food preferences.
AN = IM
UI = D005510
Food Handling
MS = Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.
AN = includes prep, processing, handling, transport, serving, delivering, etc.
UI = D005511
Food Hypersensitivity
MS = Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.
AN = GEN: Prefer specific precoord; coord IM with specific food /adv eff (IM): Manual 31.12
UI = D005512
Food Industry
MS = The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific activities; DF: FOOD INDUST
UI = D019649
Food Inspection
MS = Examination of foods to assure wholesome and clean products free from unsafe microbes or chemical contamination, natural or added deleterious substances, and decomposition during production, processing, packaging, etc.
AN = IM; coord with milieu (IM) or specific food (IM) if pertinent
UI = D005513
Food Irradiation
AN = food preservation by irradiation: do not confuse with FOOD CONTAMINATION, RADIOACTIVE; DF: FOOD IRRAD
UI = D005514
Food Labeling
MS = Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a food or its container or wrapper. The concept includes ingredients, nutritional value, directions, warnings, and other relevant information.
UI = D005515
Food Microbiology
MS = The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
AN = coord with specific food /microbiol or /virol and specific microbe; FOOD PARASITOLOGY is also available; DF: FOOD MICROBIOL
UI = D005516
Food Packaging
MS = Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.
AN = includes containers, packaging methods, packaging materials; IM; coord with specific food (IM); FOOD LABELING is also available
UI = D018857
Food Parasitology
MS = The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.
AN = coord with specific food /parasitol and specific parasite; DF: FOOD PARASITOL
UI = D016266
Food Poisoning
AN = GEN only; prefer /pois with specific food items in Cat J2: Manual 31.11; MUSHROOM POISONING; PLANT POISONING; SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING & STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING are also available
UI = D005517
Food Preferences
MS = The selection of one food over another.
AN = human & animal
UI = D005518
Food Preservation
UI = D005519
Food Preservatives
MS = Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005520
Food Service, Hospital
MS = Hospital department that manages and supervises the dietary program in accordance with the patients' requirements.
AN = DF: FOOD SERV HOSP
UI = D005521
Food Services
MS = Functions, equipment, and facilities concerned with the preparation and distribution of ready-to-eat food.
AN = includes food distribution programs, food stamp plans, school lunches, child feeding programs; do not confuse with DIETARY SERVICES where nutrition is emphasized; DF: FOOD SER
UI = D005522
Food Supply
AN = specify geog if pertinent
UI = D005523
Food Technology
MS = The application of knowledge to the food industry.
AN = IM; usually in ref to the food industry & food manufacture or prep on a large scale; covers aroma, flavor, color, texture, temperature, preparability, cookability, packaging, etc.; SPEC: SPEC qualif; DF: FOOD TECHNOL
UI = D005524
Food, Formulated
MS = Food and dietary formulations including elemental (chemically defined formula) diets, synthetic and semisynthetic diets, space diets, weight-reduction formulas, tube-feeding diets, complete liquid diets, and supplemental liquid and solid diets.
AN = includes imitation eggs, meat, dairy prod, space diets, weight reduction formulas, tube-feeding diets; does not include infant formulas and baby foods ( = INFANT FOOD); do not confuse with FOOD, FORTIFIED which emphasizes addition of essential nutrients
UI = D005526
Food, Fortified
MS = Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the fortified food. The supplementation of cereals with iron and vitamins is an example of fortified food. Fortified food includes also enriched food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those essential nutrients removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
AN = coord IM with added nutrient if relevant (IM); do not confuse with FOOD, FORMULATED or DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: read MeSH definitions
UI = D005527
Food, Genetically Modified
MS = Food derived from genetically modified organisms (ORGANISMS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED).
AN = coord with specific food
UI = D030841
Food-Drug Interactions
MS = The pharmacological result, either desirable or undesirable, of drugs interacting with components of the diet. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = IM; coord with specific food (IM) + specific drug (IM) with pertinent qualif
UI = D018565
Food-Processing Industry
MS = The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualifs; DF: FOOD PROCESSING INDUST
UI = D005525
Foods, Specialized
MS = Foods and beverages prepared for use to meet specific needs such as infant foods.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups
UI = D019648
Foot
MS = The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE), METATARSUS, phalanges, and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
AN = vertebrates only: for invertebrates use EXTREMITIES: dis of foot = FOOT DISEASES; skin dis on foot = FOOT DERMATOSES: see note there; neopl of foot: use neopl coords (IM) + FOOT DISEASES (IM); foot prints (like finger prints) = PLANTAR PRINTS see DERMATOGLYPHICS
UI = D005528
Foot Bones
MS = The TARSAL BONES, METATARSAL BONES, and phalanges. The tarsal bones consists of seven bones: CALCANEUS, TALUS, cuboid, navicular, internal, middle, and external cuneiform bones. The five metatarsal bones are numbered one through five, running medial to lateral. There are 14 phalanges in each foot, the great toe has two while the other toes have three each.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D005529
Foot Deformities
MS = Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D005530
Foot Deformities, Acquired
MS = Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.
AN = deformity of bone, joint, muscle, etc.
UI = D005531
Foot Deformities, Congenital
MS = Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005532
Foot Dermatoses
MS = Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.
AN = GEN & coord for specific diseases of the foot; not as coord for neoplasms of the foot (use neopl coords (IM) with FOOT DISEASES (IM)); consider synonym for dermatitis of foot & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH
UI = D005533
Foot Diseases
MS = Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.
AN = skin dis on foot = FOOT DERMATOSES; neopl of foot: use neopl coords (IM) + FOOT DISEASES (IM)
UI = D005534
Foot Injuries
MS = General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.
AN = GEN or unspecified; consider also /inj with specific sites of foot
UI = D018409
Foot Joints
MS = The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.
AN = prefer specifics
UI = D033023
Foot Rot
MS = A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)
AN = coord IM with appropriate infection term (IM) + precoord animal/dis term (IM) + animal (NIM) or animal (IM) in absence of precoord + check tag ANIMAL
UI = D005535
Foot Ulcer
MS = Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.
AN = DIABETIC FOOT is also available
UI = D016523
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
AN = caused by a picornavirus: do not confuse with HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE, a Coxsackie virus infect; check tag ANIMAL; DF: FOOT MOUTH DIS
UI = D005536
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
MS = The type species of APHTHOVIRUS, causing FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cloven-hoofed animals. Several different serotypes exist.
AN = infection = FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
UI = D029544
Football
MS = A competitive team sport played on a rectangular field. This is the American or Canadian version of the game and also includes the form known as rugby. It does not include non-North American football (= SOCCER).
AN = /inj: coord IM with specific inj (IM); /physiol permitted; Manual 30.15+; note X ref RUGBY; does not include non-North American "football" ( = SOCCER)
UI = D005538
Foramen Magnum
UI = D005539
Forced Expiratory Flow Rates
MS = Measurements of rates of airflow during a forced vital capacity determination.
AN = a vital capacity test; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; do not confuse with FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME, a specific test of pulm ventilation; NIM
UI = D005540
Forced Expiratory Volume
MS = Measure of the maximum amount of air during a forced vital capacity determination that can be expelled in a given number of seconds. It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
AN = NIM; do not confuse with FORCED EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES; DF: FEV
UI = D005541
Forearm
AN = primates only: use FORELIMB for non-primate vertebrates & EXTREMITIES for invertebrates: TN 117; for bones use RADIUS or ULNA; NIM when merely locational as in skin dis (IM)
UI = D005542
Forearm Injuries
MS = Injuries to the part of the upper limb of the body between the wrist and elbow.
AN = GEN & unspecified for soft tissue & bones; consider also /inj with specific bones & also specific fracture terms; available also are HAND INJURIES; FINGER INJURIES & WRIST INJURIES
UI = D005543
Forecasting
MS = The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.
AN = IM general only; consider also as IM coord with specific subject /trends (IM) if future is particularly significant: Manual 19.8.76, 35.2.9
UI = D005544
Forefoot, Human
MS = The forepart of the foot including the metatarsals and the TOES.
AN = do not confuse with FORELIMB for non-primate vertebrates
UI = D005545
Forehead
MS = The part of the face above the eyes.
AN = NIM as locational, no qualif
UI = D005546
Foreign Bodies
AN = coord IM with organ (IM), not organ/dis: Manual 21.39; EYE FOREIGN BODIES is available; FOREIGN-BODY MIGRATION & FOREIGN-BODY REACTION are also available
UI = D005547
Foreign Medical Graduates
MS = Physicians who hold degrees from medical schools in countries other than the ones in which they practice.
AN = specify geog; DF: FOREIGN MED GRAD
UI = D005550
Foreign Professional Personnel
MS = Persons who have acquired academic or specialized training in countries other than that in which they are working. The concept excludes physicians for which FOREIGN MEDICAL GRADUATES is the likely heading.
AN = specify geog
UI = D005551
Foreign-Body Migration
MS = Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.
AN = note category
UI = D005548
Foreign-Body Reaction
MS = Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.
AN = note category: in presence of a dis, use /etiol, not /compl
UI = D005549
Forelimb
MS = A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)
AN = non-primate vertebrates only: for human use ARM; for invertebrates use EXTREMITIES; TN 75: animal extremities; TN 117: table of animal extremities
UI = D005552
Forensic Anthropology
MS = Scientific study of human skeletal remains with the express purpose of identification. This includes establishing individual identity, trauma analysis, facial reconstruction, photographic superimposition, determination of time interval since death, and crime-scene recovery. Forensic anthropologists do not certify cause of death but provide data to assist in determination of probable cause. This is a branch of the field of physical anthropology and qualified individuals are certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1992 Jun;13(2):146)
AN = restrict to identif of skeletal remains; SPEC; NIM as coord; human identif by teeth: coord FORENSIC DENTISTRY (IM) + specific dent heading (IM); DF: FORENSIC ANTHROPOL
UI = D018732
Forensic Dentistry
MS = The application of dental knowledge to questions of law.
AN = SPEC qualif; see note on FORENSIC MEDICINE; for human identif by teeth: coord FORENSIC DENTISTRY (IM) + specific dent heading (IM); DF: FORENSIC DENT
UI = D005553
Forensic Medicine
MS = The application of medical knowledge to questions of law.
AN = SPEC qualif; for crime or identification: differentiate from JURISPRUDENCE, usually civil suits; for human identif of skeletal remains see FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; for human identif by teeth see FORENSIC DENTISTRY; ballistics goes under BALLISTICS, WOUND see WOUNDS, GUNSHOT but here also if pertinent; DF: FORENSIC MED
UI = D005554
Forensic Psychiatry
MS = Psychiatry in its legal aspects. This includes criminology, penology, commitment of mentally ill, the psychiatrist's role in compensation cases, the problems of releasing information to the court, and of expert testimony.
AN = SPEC qualif
UI = D005555
Forestry
MS = The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D016468
Form Perception
MS = The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.
UI = D005556
Formaldehyde
MS = A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
UI = D005557
Formamides
MS = A group of amides with the general formula of R-CONH2.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005559
Formate Dehydrogenases
MS = Flavoproteins that catalyze reversibly the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. Many compounds can act as acceptors, but the only physiologically active acceptor is NAD. The enzymes are active in the fermentation of sugars and other compounds to carbon dioxide and are the key enzymes in obtaining energy when bacteria are grown on formate as the main carbon source. They have been purified from bovine blood. EC 1.2.1.2.
UI = D005560
Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate from formate and tetrahydrofolate in the presence of ATP. This enzyme has been found in pigeon liver, human erythrocytes and some microorganisms. EC 6.3.4.3.
UI = D005574
Formates
UI = D005561
Formazans
MS = Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005562
Formic Acid Esters
UI = D005563
Formic Acids
UI = D005564
Formiminoglutamic Acid
MS = Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.
UI = D005565
Formocresols
UI = D005566
Forms and Records Control
MS = A management function in which standards and guidelines are developed for the developing, maintaining, and handling of forms and records.
AN = coord NIM with specific records heading (e.g., MEDICAL RECORDS; NURSING RECORDS) (IM); DF: FORMS CONTROL
UI = D005568
Forms [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of or containing a substantial number of blank forms.
UI = D020478
Formularies
MS = Lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.
AN = IM; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; collections of formulas for compounding medicinal prep: do not confuse with PHARMACOPOEIAS which are far more complete: read MeSH definition; do not confuse with NATIONAL FORMULARY see PHARMACOPOEIAS
UI = D005569
Formularies, Dental
AN = IM; DF: FORMULARIES DENT
UI = D005570
Formularies, Homeopathic
AN = IM
UI = D005571
Formularies, Hospital
MS = Formularies concerned with pharmaceuticals prescribed in hospitals.
AN = IM; DF: FORMULARIES HOSP
UI = D005572
Formycins
MS = Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.
AN = antineoplastic antibiotics
UI = D005573
Formyltetrahydrofolates
MS = Tetrahydrofolates which are substituted by a formyl group at either the nitrogen atom in the 5 position or the nitrogen atom in the 10 position. N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate is leukovorin (citrovorum factor) while N(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate is an active coenzyme which functions as a carrier of the formyl group in a number of enzymatic reactions.
AN = folic acids
UI = D005575
Fornix (Brain)
MS = Heavily myelinated fiber bundle of the TELENCEPHALON projecting from the hippocampal formation to the HYPOTHALAMUS. Some authorities consider the fornix part of the LIMBIC SYSTEM. The fimbria starts as a flattened band of axons arising from the subiculum and HIPPOCAMPUS, which then thickens to form the fornix.
UI = D020712
Forskolin
MS = Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant Coleus forskohlii. Has antihypertensive, positive ionotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
UI = D005576
Forssman Antigen
MS = A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.
UI = D005577
Forsythia
MS = A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Members contain suspensaside.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031657
Foscarnet
MS = An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.
UI = D017245
Fosfomycin
MS = An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.
UI = D005578
Fosinopril
MS = A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.
UI = D017328
Fossil Fuels
MS = Any hydrocarbon deposit that may be used for fuel. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
UI = D005579
Fossils
MS = Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
AN = no qualif; do not routinely check tags HISTORICAL ARTICLE + ANCIENT: check only when the hist & ancient med aspects are particularly discussed
UI = D005580
Foster Home Care
MS = Private families who care for neglected children or patients unable to care for themselves.
AN = not restricted to children
UI = D005581
Foundations
MS = Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.
UI = D005582
Founder Effect
MS = A phenomenon that is observed when a small subgroup of a larger POPULATION establishes itself as a separate and isolated entity. The subgroup's GENE POOL carries only a fraction of the genetic diversity of the parental population resulting in an increased frequency of certain diseases in the subgroup, especially those diseases known to be autosomal recessive.
AN = DF: FOUNDER EFF
UI = D018703
Fourier Analysis
MS = Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
AN = a math function; named for Jean Baptiste Fourier (1768-1830), French mathematician & physicist; no qualif
UI = D005583
Fournier Gangrene
MS = An acute infective gangrene involving the scrotum, penis, or perineum caused by gram-positive organisms, enteric bacilli, and anaerobes, usually resulting from local trauma, operative procedures, or urinary tract disease.
AN = coord IM with specific site or organ/diseases term (NIM) or with specific bact infect (NIM) only if particularly discussed; usually in male
UI = D018934
Fourth Ventricle
MS = An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
AN = /radiogr: coord with CEREBRAL VENTRICULOGRAPHY
UI = D020546
Fovea Centralis
MS = An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
AN = a pit in the macula lutea of the retina
UI = D005584
Fowl adenovirus A
MS = The type species of the genus AVIADENOVIRUS, family ADENOVIRIDAE, an oncogenic virus of birds.This is also called CELO virus for chick embryo lethal orphan virus.
AN = infection: coord IM with ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D025681
Fowl Plague
MS = Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other birds with INFLUENZA A VIRUS, AVIAN.
AN = caused by a strain of influenza A virus; don't forget also BIRDS or POULTRY (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
UI = D005585
Fowlpox
MS = A poxvirus infection of poultry and other birds characterized by the formation of wart-like nodules on the skin and diphtheritic necrotic masses (cankers) in the upper digestive and respiratory tracts.
AN = caused by a poxvirus; don't forget also BIRDS or POULTRY (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
UI = D005586
Fowlpox virus
MS = The type species of the genus AVIPOXVIRUS. It is the etiologic agent of FOWLPOX.
AN = infection = FOWLPOX: see note there
UI = D005587
Fox-Fordyce Disease
MS = Chronic pruritic disease, usually in women, characterized by small follicular papular eruptions in apocrine areas. It is caused by obstruction and rupture of intraepidermal apocrine ducts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = pruritic apocrine dis in women
UI = D005588
Foxes
MS = Carnivores of the genus Vulpes of the family Canidae. There are 10 species found in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The red fox, Vulpes vulpes, whose coloration ranges from yellowish red to deep reddish brown, black, white, or silver, rivals the gray wolf (Canis lupus) for having the greatest natural distribution of any living terrestrial mammal besides man. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1050)
AN = IM; qualif permitted
UI = D005589
Fractals
MS = Patterns (real or mathematical) which look similar at different scales, for example the network of airways in the lung which shows similar branching patterns at progressively higher magnifications. Natural fractals are self-similar across a finite range of scales while mathematical fractals are the same across an infinite range. Many natural, including biological, structures are fractal (or fractal-like). Fractals are related to "chaos" (see NONLINEAR DYNAMICS) in that chaotic processes can produce fractal structures in nature, and appropriate representations of chaotic processes usually reveal self-similarity over time.
AN = patterns which look similar at different magnifications; used in math & theoret models
UI = D017709
Fractional Precipitation
AN = NIM; no qualif
UI = D005590
Fractionation, Field Flow
MS = Separation of molecules and particles by a simultaneous action of carrier liquid flow and focusing field forces (electrical, sedimentation, or thermal), without a stationary phase.
AN = DOSE FRACTIONATION; CELL FRACTIONATION and FRACTIONATION, FIELD FLOW are also available
UI = D031521
Fracture Fixation
MS = The use of metallic devices inserted into or through bone to hold a fracture in a set position and alignment while it heals.
AN = TN 87: various types of fracture surg & related MeSH terms; osteosynthesis in fract surg goes under FRACTURE FIXATION, INTERNAL or FRACTURE FIXATION, INTRAMEDULLARY
UI = D005592
Fracture Fixation, Internal
MS = The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; TN 87; osteosynthesis in fracture surg goes here or under FRACTURE FIXATION, INTRAMEDULLARY
UI = D005593
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; TN 87: definition
UI = D005594
Fracture Healing
MS = The physiological restoration of bone tissue and function after a fracture. It includes BONY CALLUS formation and normal replacement of bone tissue.
AN = coord IM with type of fracture (IM) + bone injured (IM)
UI = D017102
Fractures
MS = Breaks in bones or cartilage. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = IM; coord with specific organ /inj (IM) but note many precoord organ/fract terms & note the many clin types; TN 87: various types of fract surg; penile fract: index under PENIS /inj (IM) + RUPTURE (NIM)
UI = D005595
Fractures, Closed
MS = Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.
AN = fract not causing an open wound; IM; coord with precoord organ/fract term (IM), as "closed fract of tibia" = FRACTURES, CLOSED (IM) + TIBIAL FRACTURES (IM); if no precoord organ/fract term is available, coord IM with organ /inj (IM), as "closed fract of fibula" = FRACTURES, CLOSED (IM) + FIBULA /inj (IM)
UI = D005596
Fractures, Comminuted
MS = A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = fract where bone is splintered or crushed; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
UI = D018460
Fractures, Malunited
MS = Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
AN = faulty union of a fract; do not confuse with FRACTURES, UNUNITED; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
UI = D017759
Fractures, Open
MS = Fractures in which there is an external wound communicating with the break of the bone.
AN = fract causing an open wound; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
UI = D005597
Fractures, Spontaneous
MS = Fractures occurring as a result of disease of a bone or from some undiscoverable cause, and not due to trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = fract not caused by trauma; IM; coord with specific organ /inj or organ/fract term (IM)
UI = D005598
Fractures, Stress
MS = Fractures due to the strain caused by repetitive exercise. They are thought to arise from a combination of muscle fatigue and bone failure, and occur in situations where bone remodeling predominates over repair. The classical stress fracture is the march fracture of military personnel, in which the metatarsal undergoes repeated stress during marching. The most common sites of stress fractures are the metatarsus, fibula, tibia, and femoral neck.
AN = fract caused by repetitive strain; X ref FATIGUE FRACTURES refers to bone fractures: do not use for metal fatigue as in fatigue fract of amalgams, nails, screw plates, etc (index under STRESS, MECHANICAL); coord IM with specific organ /inj or organ/fract term (IM)
UI = D015775
Fractures, Ununited
MS = A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = fract where union does not occur; do not confuse with FRACTURES, MALUNITED; IM; coord with specific organ/inj or precoord organ/fract term (IM)
UI = D005599
Fragaria
MS = A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031985
Fragile X Syndrome
MS = A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. MENTAL RETARDATION occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)
UI = D005600
Frail Elderly
MS = Older adults or aged individuals who are lacking in general strength and are unusually susceptible to disease or to other infirmity.
AN = check tag AGED; coord IM with AGED, 80 AND OVER (IM or NIM if pertinent)
UI = D016330
Frameshift Mutation
MS = A type of mutation in which a number of nucleotides not divisible by three is deleted from or inserted into a coding sequence, thereby causing an alteration in the reading frame of the entire sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of mutagens or may occur spontaneously.
AN = non-physiol insertion or deletion of coding sequence nucleotides; do not confuse with FRAMESHIFTING, RIBOSOMAL, physiol process & form of genet translation; do not confuse eff of drug & radiation on frameshift mutation with drug- & radiation-induced frame mutation
UI = D016368
Frameshifting, Ribosomal
MS = A directed change in translational READING FRAMES that allows the production of a single protein from two or more OVERLAPPING GENES. The process is programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the MRNA and is sometimes also affected by the secondary or tertiary mRNA structure. It has been described mainly in VIRUSES (especially RETROVIRUSES), RETROTRANSPOSONS, and bacterial insertion elements but also in some cellular genes.
AN = do not confuse with FRAMESHIFT MUTATION, non-physiol insertion or deletion of coding sequence nucleotides
UI = D018965
Framycetin
MS = A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
UI = D005601
France
MS = A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.
AN = PARIS is also available
UI = D005602
Francisella
MS = An organism frequently found in natural waters. It can be parasitic on man, other mammals, birds, and arthropods.
UI = D005603
Francisella tularensis
MS = The etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.
AN = infection = TULAREMIA
UI = D005604
Francium
MS = Francium. A radioactive alkali metal with the atomic symbol Fr, atomic number 87, and atomic weight 223. The mass numbers of other known isotopes are 204-213, 217-222, and 224. Its valence is +1.
AN = naturally radioactive; IM
UI = D005605
Frangula
MS = A plant genus of the family RHAMNACEAE. This genus is often called buckthorn but should not be confused with other plants called that such as HIPPOPHAE or KARWINSKIA. Some RHAMNUS species have been reclassified into this genus. F. purshiana bark is cascara sagrada (CASCARA). Members contain emodine, frangulanin, frangulin, and anthraquinones such as EMODIN.
AN = note X refs: RHAMNUS is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29; for help on which genus to use see http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxlist.pl?Rhamnaceae
UI = D031955
Frankia
MS = Genus of BACTERIA in the family Frankiaceae. They are nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbionts of many species of woody dicotyledonous plants.
UI = D040161
Fraud
MS = Exploitation through misrepresentation of the facts or concealment of the purposes of the exploiter.
AN = note FRAUD, SCIENTIFIC see SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT
UI = D005607
Fraxinus
MS = A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Members contain secoiridoid glucosides.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031661
Free Association
MS = Spontaneous verbalization of whatever comes to mind.
AN = no qualif; DF: FREE ASSOC
UI = D005608
Free Radical Scavengers
MS = Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
AN = a substance combining with a free radical to affect its chemical action; use qualif discreetly
UI = D016166
Free Radicals
MS = Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
AN = IM GEN only; usually NIM with coord IM
UI = D005609
Freedom
MS = The rights of individuals to act and make decisions without external constraints.
UI = D005610
Freemartinism
MS = A condition occurring in dizygotic twins of different sexes in cattle, when anastomoses of placental vessels permit interchange of hormones and cells during fetal life. The female calf is a sterile intersex due to passage of androgens from the male, and both calves are blood cell chimeras with immune tolerance, due to interchange of cells in utero.
UI = D005611
Freeze Drying
MS = Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.
AN = NIM
UI = D005612
Freeze Etching
MS = A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.
AN = do not confuse with FREEZE FRACTURING (wherein a cryoprotectant is used)
UI = D005613
Freeze Fracturing
MS = Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.
AN = do not confuse with FREEZE ETCHING (wherein no cryoprotectant is used)
UI = D005614
Freeze Substitution
MS = A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature.
AN = in freeze drying, replacement of ice by alcohol or other solvent
UI = D017110
Freezing
AN = NIM; no qualif; note see related CRYOPRESERVATION
UI = D005615
French Guiana
MS = A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)
AN = in So. Amer; do not confuse with GUYANA ( = British Guiana) nor with French Guinea ( = GUINEA) in Africa
UI = D005616
Fresh Water
MS = Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as rivers and lakes. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
AN = rivers, ponds, lakes, groundwater
UI = D005618
Freudian Theory
MS = Philosophic formulations which are basic to psychoanalysis. Some of the conceptual theories developed were of the libido, repression, regression, transference, id, ego, superego, Oedipus Complex, etc.
AN = IM
UI = D005619
Freund's Adjuvant
MS = An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.
UI = D005620
Friction
MS = Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact.
AN = NIM; biol & non-biol application
UI = D017276
Friedreich Ataxia
MS = An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)
UI = D005621
Friend murine leukemia virus
MS = A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) producing leukemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects DBA/2 and Swiss mice.
AN = infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + LEUKEMIA, EXPERIMENTAL (IM) or LEUKEMIA (IM); Friend erythroleukemia cells: coord IM with LEUKEMIA, ERYTHROBLASTIC, ACUTE + TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED
UI = D005622
Friends
MS = Persons whom one knows, likes, and trusts.
AN = for Society of Friends, or Quakers, use PROTESTANTISM
UI = D033062
Fritillaria
MS = A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members of this genus produce imperialine, a steroidal alkaloid which acts at muscarinic receptors.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031410
Frontal Bone
AN = fractures: coord FRONTAL BONE /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D005624
Frontal Lobe
MS = The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere.
AN = dis: coord IM with BRAIN DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D005625
Frontal Sinus
MS = One of the paired, but seldom symmetrical, air spaces located between the inner and outer compact layers of the frontal bone.
AN = inflammation or sinusitis = FRONTAL SINUSITIS; fractures: coord FRONTAL SINUS /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with PARANASAL SINUS NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D005626
Frontal Sinusitis
MS = Inflammation of the frontal sinus; in most cases the infection is caused by the bacteria STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE and HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE. This condition may be acute or chronic.
UI = D015522
Frostbite
MS = Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.
UI = D005627
Frozen Foods
UI = D005628
Frozen Sections
MS = Thinly cut sections of frozen tissue specimens prepared with a cryostat or freezing microtome.
UI = D005629
Fructans
MS = Polysaccharides composed of D-fructose units.
AN = polysaccharides
UI = D005630
Fructokinases
MS = A class of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose in the presence of ATP. EC 2.7.1.-.
UI = D005631
Fructosamine
MS = An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is dervied from glucose by the "classical" Amadori rearrangement.
UI = D019270
Fructose
MS = A carbohydrate in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
UI = D005632
Fructose Intolerance
MS = An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to deficient fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (EC 2.1.2.13) activity, resulting in accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate. The accumulated fructose-1-phosphate inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing severe hypoglycemia following ingestion of fructose. Prolonged fructose ingestion in infants leads ultimately to hepatic failure and death. Patients develop a strong distaste for sweet food, and avoid a chronic course of the disease by remaining on a fructose- and sucrose-free diet.
AN = an inborn error of fructose metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005633
Fructose Metabolism, Inborn Errors
MS = Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.
AN = an inborn error of carbohydrate metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: FRUCTOSE METAB INBORN ERR
UI = D015318
Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
MS = An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to absent or deficient fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity. Gluconeogenesis is impaired, resulting in accumulation of gluconeogenic precursors (e.g., amino acids, lactate, ketones) and manifested as hypoglycemia, ketosis, and lactic acidosis. Episodes in the newborn infant are often lethal. Later episodes are often brought on by fasting and febrile infections. As patients age through early childhood, tolerance to fasting improves and development becomes normal.
AN = an inborn error of fructose metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: FDP DEFIC
UI = D015319
Fructose-Bisphosphatase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and water to D-fructose 6-phosphate and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.11.
UI = D006597
Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase
MS = An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The enzyme also acts on (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates. The yeast and bacterial enzymes are zinc proteins. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) E.C. 4.1.2.13.
AN = /defic: consider also FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE
UI = D005634
Fructosediphosphates
MS = Diphosphoric acid esters of fructose. The fructose-1,6- diphosphate isomer is most prevalent. It is an important intermediate in the glycolysis process.
UI = D005635
Fructosephosphates
UI = D005636
Fructuronate Reductase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of mannonate to fructuronate in the presence of NAD. Also reduces D-tagaturonate to D-altronate. EC 1.1.1.57.
UI = D005637
Fruit
MS = The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.
AN = as plant & food; fruit as plant tissue: Manual 31.9
UI = D005638
Frullania
MS = A plant genus of the family Jubulaceae, subclass JUNGERMANNIAE. Members contain eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones and cause CONTACT DERMATITIS.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D037961
Frustration
MS = The motivational and/or affective state resulting from being blocked, thwarted, disappointed or defeated.
AN = human & animal; no qualif
UI = D005639
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy
MS = Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain.
AN = a corneal dystrophy
UI = D005642
Fucose
UI = D005643
Fucosidosis
MS = An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of ALPHA-L-FUCOSIDASE activity resulting in an accumulation of fucose containing SPHINGOLIPIDS, GLYCOPROTEINS, and mucopolysaccharides (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) in lysosomes. The infantile form (type I) features psychomotor deterioration, MUSCLE SPASTICITY, coarse facial features, growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, visceromegaly, SEIZURES, recurrent infections, and MACROGLOSSIA, with death occurring in the first decade of life. Juvenile fucosidosis (type II) is the more common variant and features a slowly progressive decline in neurologic function and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Type II survival may be through the fourth decade of life. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p87; Am J Med Genet 1991 Jan;38(1):111-31)
UI = D005645
Fucosyl Galactose alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetylgalactosamine from UDP N-acetylgalactosamine to various 2-fucosylgalactosides as acceptors. EC 2.4.1.40.
AN = DF: FUG TRANSFERASE
UI = D005646
Fucosyltransferases
MS = Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of fucose from a nucleoside diphosphate fucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid molecule. Elevated activity of some fucosyltransferases in human serum may serve as an indicator of malignancy. The class includes EC 2.4.1.65; EC 2.4.1.68; EC 2.4.1.69; EC 2.4.1.89.
UI = D005647
Fuel Oils
MS = Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.
UI = D005648
Fullerenes
MS = A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.
UI = D037741
Fumarate Hydratase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to yield L-malic acid. It is one of the citric acid cycle enzymes. EC 4.2.1.2.
UI = D005649
Fumarates
UI = D005650
Fumaria
MS = A plant genus of the family FUMARIACEAE that contains fumariline and other isoquinoline alkaloids.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031312
Fumariaceae
MS = The fumitory, or bleeding-heart plant family of the order Papaverales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Flowers are bisexual, with two small sepals and four petals, one pistil and six stamens.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031310
Fumigation
MS = The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.
UI = D005651
Fumonisins
MS = A group of MYCOTOXINS found in CORN contaminated with FUSARIUM fungus. They are chains of about 20 carbons with acidic ester and acetylamino and sometimes other substituents. They disrupt metabolism of SPHINGOLIPIDS.
UI = D037341
Functional Residual Capacity
MS = The volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume. Common abbreviation is FRC.
AN = NIM; DF: FRC
UI = D005652
Fund Raising
MS = Usually organized community efforts to raise money to promote financial programs of institutions. The funds may include individual gifts.
UI = D005653
Fundoplication
MS = Mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach around it (fundic wrapping) in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX that may be associated with various disorders, such as hiatal hernia. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = fundo- refers to the gastric fundus; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D018662
Fundulidae
MS = Family of small, surface-dwelling fish that inhabit fresh and brackish waters, and coastal marine areas.
AN = do not confuse X ref TOPMINNOWS with gila topminnows in the family Poeciliidae = CYPRINODONTIFORMES; do not confuse X refs KILLIFISH (Fundulus heteroclitus), GULF KILLIFISH (Fundulus grandis), or ATLANTIC KILLIFISH with KILLIFISHES or with JAPANESE KILLIFISH see ORYZIAS; killifish unspecified goes under KILLIFISHES
UI = D023781
Fundus Oculi
MS = The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
AN = no qualif; what is seen through an ophthalmoscope: do not confuse with RETINA & RETINAL VESSELS, the correct terms with subheadings, not FUNDUS OCULI; early coord for fundus fluorescent angiography: see hist notes under FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
UI = D005654
Funeral Rites
MS = Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.
AN = specify geog if pertinent
UI = D005655
Funeral Sermons [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of sermons delivered at ceremonies for a dead person prior to burial or cremation. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
AN = publication type only; for funeral sermons as a subject, index under main heading FUNERAL RITES
UI = D019505
Fungal Components
MS = The anatomical components of a fungus.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D025281
Fungal Proteins
MS = Proteins found in any species of fungus.
AN = /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; /physiol permitted for function within the fungus; coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific fungus (IM)
UI = D005656
Fungal Vaccines
MS = Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.
AN = coord IM with specific fungus /immunol (IM)
UI = D005657
Fungemia
MS = The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.
AN = coord with specific fungus/infect heading or specific fungus if specific fungus infect is not in MeSH (do not use /blood to indicate -emia)
UI = D016469
Fungi
MS = A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicelluar colonies (mushrooms and molds).
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics: Manual 22.32; /drug eff: consider also ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS & FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL; fungal dis = MYCOSES, fungal dis of skin = DERMATOMYCOSES
UI = D005658
Fungi, Unclassified
MS = Fungi whose taxonomic relationships have not been authoritatively established.
AN = author will state "unclassified"; do not confuse with fungi "unnamed" or unspecified by author (= probably FUNGI); GEN: avoid; infections by unclassified fungi: coord IM with MYCOSES or specific mycosis (IM)
UI = D020508
Fungicides, Industrial
MS = Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
AN = differentiate from therapeutic fungicides ( = ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS); DF: FUNGICIDES INDUST
UI = D005659
Funnel Chest
MS = A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.
AN = a sternum abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005660
Fura-2
MS = A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in many tissues. The fluorescent and chelating properties of Fura-2 aid in the quantitation of endothelial cell injury, in monitoring ATP-dependent calcium uptake by membrane vesicles, and in the determination of the relationship between cytoplasmic free calcium and oxidase activation in rat neutrophils.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D016257
Furagin
MS = Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections.
UI = D005661
Furaldehyde
UI = D005662
Furans
MS = Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.
UI = D005663
Furazolidone
MS = A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514)
UI = D005664
Furcation Defects
MS = Conditions in which a bifurcation or trifurcation of the molar tooth root becomes denuded as a result of periodontal disease. It may be followed by tooth mobility, temperature sensitivity, pain, and alveolar bone resorption.
AN = a periodontal dis
UI = D017823
Furosemide
MS = A sulfamyl saluretic and diuretic. It has a fast onset and short duration of action and is used in edema and chronic renal insufficiency.
UI = D005665
Fursultiamin
MS = Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful.
AN = DF: TTFD
UI = D005666
Furunculosis
MS = An infection where furuncles are present over a period of weeks to months. Species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS are usually the causative agents.
AN = Staph skin infect; consider also CARBUNCLE, also usually caused by Staph (but not malignant carbuncle which = ANTHRAX)
UI = D005667
Furylfuramide
MS = Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D005668
Fusaric Acid
MS = A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.
AN = /biosyn permitted if by organism
UI = D005669
Fusarium
MS = A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.
AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM)
UI = D005670
Fused Teeth
MS = Two teeth united during development by the union of their tooth germs; the teeth may be joined by the enamel of their crowns, by their root dentin, or by both.
AN = tooth abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D005671
Fuselloviridae
MS = A family of lemon-shaped DNA viruses infecting ARCHAEA and containing one genus: Fusellovirus.
AN = coord with specific Archaea /virol
UI = D019241
Fusidic Acid
MS = An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.
UI = D005672
Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
MS = Translation products of a fusion mRNA derived from the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene and a cellular abl (c-abl) gene translocated to chromosome 22. The p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein is found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The p190(bcr-abl) fusion protein is found in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The activation of human c-abl by chromosomal translocation is essentially the same as the activation of murine c-abl by viral translocation in Abelson murine leukemia virus.
AN = IM; found in various leukemias: coord IM with specific leukemia (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D016044
Fusion Proteins, gag-onc
MS = General name for the translation products of a fusion mRNA consisting of a gag gene and a viral oncogene (v-onc). These products are thought to have the ability to transform cells.
AN = IM; coord with specific virus (IM); /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D015681
Fusion Proteins, gag-pol
MS = Polyprotein products of a fused portion of retroviral mRNA containing the gag and pol genes. The polyprotein is synthesized only five percent of the time since pol is out of frame with gag, and is generated by ribosomal frameshifting.
AN = coord with specific virus (IM)
UI = D015685
Fusobacterium
MS = A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections.
AN = infection = FUSOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS; DF: FUSOBACT
UI = D005673
Fusobacterium Infections
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.
AN = gram-neg bact infect; DF: FUSOBACT INFECT
UI = D005674
Fusobacterium necrophorum
MS = A species of gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from the natural cavities of man and other animals and from necrotic lesions, abscesses, and blood.
AN = infection: coord IM with FUSOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FUSOBACT NECROPHORUM
UI = D005675
Fusobacterium nucleatum
MS = A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the gingival margin and sulcus and from infections of the upper respiratory tract and pleural cavity.
AN = isolated from mouth & resp tract; infection: coord IM with FUSOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS (IM); DF: FUSOBACT NUCLEATUM
UI = D016967
Fuzzy Logic
MS = Approximate, quantitative reasoning that is concerned with the linguistic ambiguity which exists in natural or synthetic language. At its core are variables such as good, bad, and young as well as modifiers such as more, less, and very. These ordinary terms represent fuzzy sets in a particular problem. Fuzzy logic plays a key role in many medical expert systems.
AN = no qualif
UI = D017143