Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
L
RETURN TO INDEX L Cells (Cell Line)
MS = A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.
AN = almost never IM; no qualif when NIM, check tags ANIMAL & MICE
UI = D007739
L Forms
MS = Bacterial variants, unable to form a complete cell wall, which are formed in cultures by various bacteria; granules (L bodies) appear, unite, and grow into amorphous bodies which multiply and give rise to bacterial cells morphologically indistinguishable from the parent strain.
AN = coord IM with specific bacterium (IM)
UI = D007740
L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase
MS = An alcohol oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of L-iditol to L-sorbose in the presence of NAD. It also acts on D-glucitol to form D-fructose. It also acts on other closely related sugar alcohols to form the corresponding sugar. EC 1.1.1.14
UI = D007064
L-Selectin
MS = Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that serves as a homing receptor for lymphocytes to lymph node high endothelial venules.
AN = a cell adhesion molecule & CD antigen
UI = D019041
L-Serine Dehydratase
MS = An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the dehydration and deamination of L-serine to form pyruvate. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.2.1.13.
AN = specific for L-serine
UI = D012695
La Crosse virus
MS = A serotype of the species California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA), in the genus BUNYAVIRUS, causing human meningoencephalitis. This is the agent most responsible for California encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, CALIFORNIA), the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease recognized in the United States.
AN = infection: coord IM with ENCEPHALITIS, CALIFORNIA (IM); DF: LAC VIRUS
UI = D018062
Labetalol
MS = Blocker of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors that is used as an antihypertensive.
UI = D007741
Labial Frenum
UI = D007742
Labor Complications
MS = Medical problems associated with LABOR, OBSTETRIC including cephalopelvic disproportion, hemorrhage, FETAL DISTRESS, or other disorders.
AN = check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; DF: LABOR COMPL
UI = D007744
Labor Onset
MS = The establishment of regular uterine contractions together with beginning dilatation of the cervix.
AN = human only; qualif permitted as for LABOR; check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY
UI = D007745
Labor Presentation
MS = The part of the fetal body that is in advance in the birth canal.
AN = check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY
UI = D007746
Labor Stage, First
MS = Period from the onset of LABOR, OBSTETRIC through complete dilatation of the cervix.
AN = human only; dilatation stage; qualif permitted as for LABOR; check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY
UI = D007747
Labor Stage, Second
MS = Period of labor from complete dilatation of the cervix through birth of the fetus.
AN = human only; expulsion stage; qualif permitted as for LABOR; check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY
UI = D007748
Labor Stage, Third
MS = Period of labor from birth of the fetus through expulsion or extraction of the placenta and membranes.
AN = human only; placental stage: placenta & membrane expelled & uterine contraction completed; qualif permitted as for LABOR; check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY
UI = D007749
Labor Unions
MS = Organizations comprising wage and salary workers in health-related fields for the purpose of improving their status and conditions. The concept includes labor union activities toward providing health services to members.
UI = D007750
Labor, Induced
MS = Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.
AN = check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; amniotomy in inducing labor: coord IM with AMNION /surg (IM)
UI = D007751
Labor, Obstetric
MS = The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).
AN = check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; LABOR, INDUCED is also available
UI = D007743
Labor, Premature
MS = Onset of LABOR, OBSTETRIC before term but after the fetus has become viable, usually sometime during the 29th through 38th week of gestation.
AN = "tokolysis": translate as "tocolysis" & index as TOCOLYSIS; eff of drugs on premature labor: consider also TOCOLYTIC AGENTS; check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY
UI = D007752
Laboratories
MS = Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.
AN = coord IM with type of lab (IM), as hematol lab = LABORATORIES (IM) + HEMATOLOGY (IM)
UI = D007753
Laboratories, Dental
MS = Facilities for the performance of services related to dental treatment but not done directly in the patient's mouth.
AN = DF: LABORATORIES DENT
UI = D007754
Laboratories, Hospital
MS = Hospital facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.
AN = DF: LABORATORIES HOSP
UI = D007755
Laboratory Animal Science
MS = The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in biomedical research and testing.
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D007756
Laboratory Chemicals
MS = Chemicals necessary to perform experimental and/or investigative procedures and for the preparation of drugs and other chemicals.
AN = GEN OR unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: LABORATORY CHEM
UI = D019995
Laboratory Infection
MS = Accidentally acquired infection in laboratory workers.
AN = "accidentally acquired infect in laboratory"; IM; coord with specific infection (IM) + lab animal (IM)
UI = D007757
Laboratory Manuals [Publication Type]
MS = Works containing concise background information and directions for activities, including conducting experiments or diagnostic tests in the laboratory.
UI = D020484
Laboratory Personnel
MS = Those health care professionals, technicians, and assistants staffing a research or health care facility where specimens are grown, tested, or evaluated and the results of such measures are recorded.
AN = coord IM with type of lab or occup (IM), as hosp lab personnel = LABORATORY PERSONNEL (IM) + LABORATORIES, HOSPITAL (IM) or hematol lab personnel = LABORATORY PERSONNEL (IM) + HEMATOLOGY (IM)
UI = D017056
Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
MS = Methods, procedures, and tests performed in the laboratory with an intended application to the diagnosis of disease or understanding of physiological functioning. The techniques include examination of microbiological, cytological, chemical, and biochemical specimens, normal and pathological.
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; Manual 26.7
UI = D003942
Laburnum
MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE named after the drooping clusters of flowers.
AN = INDIAN LABURNUM see CASSIA is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031296
Labyrinth
MS = The internal ear; the essential part of the organ of hearing. It consists of an osseous and a membranous portion.
AN = /inj: pressure-induced inj = LABYRINTH /inj (IM) + BAROTRAUMA (IM), noise-induced inj = only HEARING LOSS, NOISE-INDUCED; inflammation = LABYRINTHITIS; neopl = LABYRINTH DISEASES (IM) + EAR NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D007758
Labyrinth Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = LABYRINTHITIS
UI = D007759
Labyrinth Supporting Cells
MS = Cells forming a framework supporting the organ of Corti. Specific cells are those of Claudius, Deiters and Hensen.
AN = A 11 qualif
UI = D007760
Labyrinthine Fluids
MS = Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332)
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer ENDOLYMPH & PERILYMPH
UI = D007761
Labyrinthitis
MS = Inflammation of the inner ear.
AN = inflamm of inner ear
UI = D007762
Lac Operon
MS = The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.
AN = note category; consider also LAC REPRESSORS (see note on REPRESSOR PROTEINS)
UI = D007763
Lacerations
MS = Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.
UI = D022125
Lacquer
UI = D007764
Lacrimal Apparatus
MS = The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system.
AN = inflammation = DACRYOCYSTITIS; lacrimation: index TEARS /secret unless LACRIMAL APPARATUS /secret or LACRIMAL APPARATUS /physiol is particularly discussed
UI = D007765
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
MS = Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus.
AN = inflamm dis = DACRYOCYSTITIS
UI = D007766
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
MS = Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)
UI = D007767
Lactalbumin
AN = a milk protein
UI = D007768
Lactams
MS = Cyclic amides formed from aminocarboxy acids by the elimination of water. They are isomeric with lactims, which are enol forms of lactams. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = antibiotics
UI = D007769
Lactate Dehydrogenase
MS = A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.
AN = isoenzymes are available in supplementary concept file; DF: LDH
UI = D007770
Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus
MS = A species ARTERIVIRUS, occurring in a number of transplantable mouse tumors. Infected mice have permanently elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase.
AN = infection: coord IM with ARTERIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D007772
Lactates
MS = Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
AN = do not confuse with LACTATE see LACTIC ACID
UI = D007773
Lactation
AN = qualif permitted as for PREGNANCY; check the tag FEMALE usually but occasionally MALE; "postpartum amenorrhea" is indexed under PUERPERIUM + AMENORRHEA & not LACTATION unless lactation is particularly discussed; ANIMALS, SUCKLING is available but the suckling of an animal (the act, as in the eff of suckling on animal physiol) goes here: human suckling goes under BREAST FEEDING; exper induced lactation unrelated to pregn (i.e., in non-pregn animals) goes here but do not check PREGNANCY
UI = D007774
Lactation Disorders
MS = Disturbances of milk secretion in either sex, not necessarily related to pregnancy.
AN = in both sexes & not necessarily related to pregn; usually check tag FEMALE
UI = D007775
Lactic Acid
MS = A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
AN = do not confuse X ref LACTATE with LACTATES
UI = D019344
Lactobacillaceae
MS = A family of gram-positive bacteria found regularly in the mouth and intestinal tract of man and other animals, in food and dairy products, and in fermenting vegetable juices. A few species are highly pathogenic.
AN = in food, dairy prod, plants, digestive system
UI = D007777
Lactobacillus
MS = A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.
UI = D007778
Lactobacillus acidophilus
MS = A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of humans and animals, the human mouth, and vagina. This organism produces the fermented product, acidophilus milk.
UI = D007779
Lactobacillus casei
MS = A rod-shaped bacterium isolated from milk and cheese, dairy products and dairy environments, sour dough, cow dung, silage, and human mouth, human intestinal contents and stools, and the human vagina.
AN = in milk & cheese
UI = D007780
Lactococcus
MS = A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria mainly isolated from milk and milk products. These bacteria are also found in plants and nonsterile frozen and dry foods. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS (group N), it is now recognized as a separate genus.
AN = usually non-pathogenic; in milk & milk products
UI = D017045
Lactococcus lactis
MS = A non-pathogenic lactococcus found in dairy products and responsible for the souring of milk.
AN = non-pathogenic, causes souring of milk
UI = D013294
Lactoferrin
MS = An iron-binding protein in plasma and secretions (milk, mucus, bile), secreted by leukocytes. It is an important component of GRANULOCYTES. It is bacteriostatic, working by depriving bacteria of iron essential for growth.
UI = D007781
Lactoglobulins
MS = Globulins occurring in milk. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = milk proteins; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D007782
Lactones
UI = D007783
Lactoperoxidase
MS = An enzyme derived from cow's milk. It catalyzes the radioiodination of tyrosine and its derivatives and of peptides containing tyrosine.
UI = D007784
Lactose
MS = A disaccharide in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
AN = do not confuse with LACTULOSE; consider also LACTOSE FACTORS
UI = D007785
Lactose Factors
MS = Plasmids which determine the ability of a bacterium to ferment lactose.
AN = note category; plasmids determing ability of bact to ferment lactose
UI = D007786
Lactose Intolerance
MS = The disease state resulting from the absence of lactase enzyme in the musocal cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore an inability to break down the disaccharide lactose in milk for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. It is manifested by indigestion of a mild nature to severe diarrhea. It may be due to inborn defect genetically conditioned or may be acquired.
AN = an inborn error of carbohydrate metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D007787
Lactose Synthase
MS = An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to glucose, forming lactose. The enzyme is a complex of the enzyme N-ACETYLLACTOSAMINE SYNTHASE and alpha-lactalbumin; the latter protein is present in lactating mammary gland cells where it alters the usual specificity of the former to make lactose synthesis the preferred reaction. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.4.1.22.
UI = D007788
Lactose Tolerance Test
AN = NIM
UI = D007789
Lactosylceramides
MS = Glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a lactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase, is the cause of lactosylceramidosis.
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D007790
Lactoylglutathione Lyase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. EC 4.4.1.5.
UI = D007791
Lactulose
MS = A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887)
AN = do not confuse with LACTOSE
UI = D007792
Lafora Disease
MS = A form of stimulus sensitive myoclonic epilepsy inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. The most common presenting feature is a single seizure in the second decade of life. This is followed by progressive myoclonus, myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, focal occipital seizures, intellectual decline, and severe motor and coordination impairments. Most affected individuals do not live past the age of 25 years. Concentric amyloid (Lafora) bodies are found in neurons, liver, skin, bone, and muscle (From Menkes, Textbook of Childhood Neurology, 5th ed, pp111-110)
UI = D020192
Lagerstroemia
MS = A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE. Members contain lagertannin and have hypoglycemic effects.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031563
Lagomorpha
MS = An order of small mammals comprising two families, Ochotonidae (pikas) and Leporidae (RABBITS and HARES). Head and body length ranges from about 125 mm to 750 mm. Hares and rabbits have a short tail, and the pikas lack a tail. Rabbits are born furless and with both eyes and ears closed. HARES are born fully haired with eyes and ears open. All are vegetarians. (From Nowak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p539-41)
AN = HARES and RABBITS are available; note X refs
UI = D007793
Lagovirus
MS = A genus of the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with infections in rabbits and hares, responsible for epidemics with high mortality. RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS is the type species.
AN = infection: coord IM with BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D029321
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
MS = An autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and fatigability of proximal muscles, particularly of the pelvic girdle, lower extremities, trunk, and shoulder girdle. There is relative sparing of extraocular and bulbar muscles. CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL of the lung is a frequently associated condition, although other malignancies and autoimmune diseases may be associated. Muscular weakness results from impaired impulse transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Presynaptic calcium channel dysfunction leads to a reduced amount of acetylcholine being released in response to stimulation of the nerve. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 1471)
UI = D015624
Lameness, Animal
MS = A departure from the normal gait in animals.
AN = coord IM with precoord animal/dis term (IM) + animal (NIM); don't forget also check tag ANIMAL
UI = D007794
Lamiaceae
MS = The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D019686
Lamin Type A
MS = A subclass of developmentally regulated lamins having a neutral isoelectric point. They are found to disassociate from nuclear membranes during mitosis.
UI = D034904
Lamin Type B
MS = A subclass of ubiquitously-expressed lamins having an acidic isoelectric point. They are found to remain bound to nuclear membranes during mitosis.
AN = see SCR for specific lamins
UI = D034921
Laminaria
MS = A genus of Laminariaceae. Dried pencil-like pieces may be inserted in the cervix where they swell as they absorb moisture, and thus dilate the cervix.
AN = a genus of brown alga; for dried Laminaria for cervical dilat & "laminaria tent" (note X ref & read MeSH definition), use no qualif
UI = D007795
Laminectomy
MS = Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D007796
Laminin
MS = Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.
AN = an extracellular matrix protein; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D007797
Lamins
MS = Nuclear matrix proteins that are structural components of the NUCLEAR LAMINA. They are found in most multicellular organisms.
AN = see SCR for organism-specific lamins
UI = D034882
Lamivudine
MS = A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.
UI = D019259
Lampreys
MS = Common name for the only family (Petromyzontidae) of eellike fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. They are jawless but have a sucking mouth with horny teeth.
UI = D007798
Lanatosides
MS = Glycosides from digitalis lanata leaf. Lantoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures or lantosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)
AN = a Digitalis glycoside
UI = D007799
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
MS = A syndrome characterized by the onset of isolated language dysfunction in otherwise normal children (age of onset 4-7 years) and epileptiform discharges on ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Seizures, including atypical absence (EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), complex partial (EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL), and other types may occur. The electroencephalographic abnormalities and seizures tend to resolve by puberty. The language disorder may also resolve although some individuals are left with severe language dysfunction, including APHASIA and auditory AGNOSIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp749-50; J Child Neurol 1997 Nov;12(8):489-495)
UI = D018887
Langer-Giedion Syndrome
MS = Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cone-shaped epiphyses in the hands and multiple cartilaginous exostoses. Mental retardation and abnormalities of chromosome 8 are often present. The exostoses in this syndrome appear identical to those of hereditary multiple exostoses (EXOSTOSES, HEREDITARY MULTIPLE).
AN = an osteochondrodysplasia
UI = D015826
Langerhans Cells
MS = Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis and are rich in Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules.
AN = A 11 qualif; cutaneous cells: do not confuse with ISLETS OF LANGERHANS (pancreas) nor with GIANT CELLS, LANGHANS (macrophages)
UI = D007801
Language
MS = A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.
AN = what is spoken or written; do not confuse with LINGUISTICS (see note there) or SPEECH (language as it comes out of the mouth); no qualif
UI = D007802
Language Arts
MS = Skills in the use of language which lead to proficiency in written or spoken communication.
AN = emphasis here is on skill & applic of language: differentiate from LANGUAGE itself: see note there; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D007803
Language Development
MS = The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.
AN = no qualif
UI = D007804
Language Development Disorders
MS = Conditions characterized by language abilities (comprehension and expression of speech and writing) that are below the expected level for a given age, generally in the absence of an intellectual impairment. These conditions may be associated with DEAFNESS; BRAIN DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; or environmental factors.
AN = do not confuse with LANGUAGE DISORDERS, disord of use or comprehension of language: LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS is "failure to understand or speak the language at the expected age"; DF: LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DIS
UI = D007805
Language Disorders
MS = Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.
AN = /ther: consider also LANGUAGE THERAPY; do not confuse with SPEECH DISORDERS: read differentiation of LANGUAGE & SPEECH under LANGUAGE; do not confuse with LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS: see note there
UI = D007806
Language Tests
MS = Tests designed to assess language behavior and abilities. They include tests of vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and functional use of language, e.g., Development Sentence Scoring, Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale, Parsons Language Sample, Utah Test of Language Development, Michigan Language Inventory and Verbal Language Development Scale, Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, Northwestern Syntax Screening Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Ammons Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test, and Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension.
UI = D007807
Language Therapy
MS = Rehabilitation of persons with language disorders or training of children with language development disorders.
AN = do not confuse with SPEECH THERAPY: LANGUAGE THERAPY is for LANGUAGE DISORDERS; SPEECH THERAPY is for SPEECH DISORDERS; coord IM with specific lang disord /ther (IM), not /rehabil
UI = D007808
Lanolin
MS = A yellow fat obtained from sheep's wool. It is used as an emollient, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic aid.
AN = an emollient & ointment base; D25-26 qualif
UI = D007809
Lanosterol
AN = /biosyn permitted
UI = D007810
Lantana
MS = A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Members contain lantadene and other TRITERPENES.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032410
Lanthanoid Series Elements
MS = Elements of the lanthanoid series including atomic number 57 (LATHANUM) through atomic number 71 (LUTETIUM).
UI = D028581
Lanthanum
MS = Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.
AN = a rare earth metal; La-139; La-138 = LANTHANUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); La-126-137, 140-144 = LANTHANUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
UI = D007811
Laos
UI = D007812
Laparoscopes
MS = ENDOSCOPES for examining the abdominal and pelvic organs in the peritoneal cavity.
UI = D020706
Laparoscopy
MS = A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.
UI = D010535
Laparotomy
AN = avoid: used too loosely in the literature; not a coord for operative surg on abdominal organs; restrict to technique of surg incision of abdom wall at any point; usually exploratory; prefer /surg with specific organs; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D007813
Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1
MS = A CD98 antigen light chain that when heterodimerized with CD98 antigen heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) forms a protein that mediates sodium-independent L-type amino acid transport.
UI = D027283
Larix
MS = A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D028221
Larrea
MS = A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is sometimes called chaparral but that is a generic word which is used with a number of other plants. Members contain NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032442
Larva
MS = Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
AN = NIM; only for metamorphosing animals (so correct for tadpoles); do not use /embryol with reference to larvae; maggot is the larval form of a fly
UI = D007814
Larva Migrans
MS = Infections caused by nematode larvae which never develop into the adult stage and migrate through various body tissues. They commonly infect the skin, eyes, and viscera in man. Ancylostoma brasiliensis causes cutaneous larva migrans. Toxocara causes visceral larva migrans.
AN = note category: a disease; restrict this dis to nematode infections; Ancylostoma brasiliensis causes cutaneous larva migrans, Toxocara causes visceral
UI = D007815
Larva Migrans, Visceral
MS = A condition produced in man by the prolonged migration of animal nematode larvae in extraintestinal tissues other than skin; characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and frequently pneumonitis, commonly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati.
AN = note category: a disease; in human only, caused by Toxocara: coord IM with TOXOCARA CANIS (IM) if caused by T. canis but not with TOXOCARA if by T. cati; in animal probably = TOXOCARIASIS
UI = D007816
Laryngeal Cartilages
MS = The nine cartilages of the larynx, including the cricoid, thyroid and epiglottic, and two each of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D007817
Laryngeal Diseases
MS = Disorders of the larynx, general or unspecified.
AN = inflamm dis = LARYNGITIS; laryngocele: index under LARYNX /abnorm
UI = D007818
Laryngeal Edema
MS = Edema of any region of the larynx from a variety of causes. In the earliest stages it may be difficult to differentiate from infection, although mucosal injection and erythema are found more often in the latter. Allergic edema may result as a response from provocation induced by foods, inhalants, and drugs. The entire respiratory tract or only an isolated portion of the larynx may be affected. Laryngeal edema may also be hereditary. Other possible causes of laryngeal edema include increased capillary pressure due to superior vena cava syndrome, internal jugular vein ligation, lowered plasma osmotic failure induced by renal failure, impaired lymphatic flow, and increased capillary permeability to proteins. (From Paparella et al., Otolaryngology, 3d ed, p2253)
UI = D007819
Laryngeal Masks
MS = A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.
AN = "an alternative to endotracheal intubation"
UI = D017214
Laryngeal Mucosa
MS = The mucous lining of the larynx; mainly stratified squamous epithelium in the upper part and ciliated columnar in the lower part of the larynx.
UI = D007820
Laryngeal Muscles
MS = The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are the aryepiglottic(us), arytenoid(eus), cricoarytenoid(eus), cricothyroid(eus), thyroarytenoid(eus), thyroepiglottic(us) and vocal(is).
AN = /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent
UI = D007821
Laryngeal Neoplasms
MS = Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS, EPIGLOTTIS, LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES, LARYNGEAL MUSCLES, and VOCAL CORDS.
AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); laryngeal polyps = LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) + POLYPS (IM)
UI = D007822
Laryngeal Nerves
MS = Branches of the VAGUS NERVE (the tenth cranial nerve). The superior laryngeal nerves originate near the nodose ganglion and separate into external branches, which supply motor fibers to the cricothyroid muscles, and internal branches, which carry sensory fibers. The RECURRENT (inferior) LARYNGEAL NERVE originates more caudally and carries efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid. The laryngeal nerves and their various branches also carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.
AN = branches of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D007823
Laryngectomy
MS = Total or partial excision of the larynx.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D007825
Laryngismus
MS = Spasm of the larynx.
AN = "spasm of the larynx": note X ref
UI = D007826
Laryngitis
MS = Inflammation of the larynx. This condition presents itself with dryness and soreness of the throat, difficulty in swallowing, cough, and hoarseness.
UI = D007827
Laryngoscopes
MS = Endoscopes for examining the interior of the larynx.
UI = D020704
Laryngoscopy
MS = Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.
UI = D007828
Laryngostenosis
MS = Stricture or narrowing of the larynx. This condition may be developmental or acquired; with progressive respiratory difficulty as a symptom.
AN = narrowing or stricture of larynx; do not confuse with spasmodic closure ( = LARYNGOSPASM or LARYNGISMUS)
UI = D007829
Larynx
MS = An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice.
AN = LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES is available; /surg: probably LARYNGECTOMY; inflammation = LARYNGITIS; laryngocele: index under LARYNX /abnorm
UI = D007830
Larynx, Artificial
MS = A device, activated electronically or by expired pulmonary air, which simulates laryngeal activity and enables a laryngectomized person to speak. Examples of the pneumatic mechanical device are the Tokyo and Van Hunen artificial larynges. Electronic devices include the Western Electric electrolarynx, Tait oral vibrator, Cooper-Rand electrolarynx and the Ticchioni pipe.
UI = D007831
Lasalocid
MS = Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.
UI = D007832
Laser Coagulation
MS = The coagulation of tissues using lasers. These lasers produce light in the visible green wavelength that is selectively absorbed by hemoglobin, and thus it is possible to seal bleeding blood vessels.
AN = do not confuse with LIGHT COAGULATION or with LASER SURGERY; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with Cat A or C term with /surg; DF: LASER COAG
UI = D017075
Laser Surgery
MS = The use of a laser either to vaporize surface lesions or to make bloodless cuts in tissue. It does not include the coagulation of tissue by laser (LASER COAGULATION).
AN = do not confuse with LASER COAGULATION; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with Cat A or Cat C term with /surg (IM); laser surg of cataract = LASER SURGERY (IM) + CATARACT EXTRACTION (IM) but note LASER COAGULATION also used in ophthalmol surg
UI = D007833
Laser Therapy, Low-Level
MS = Treatment using irradiation with light at low power intensities and with wavelengths in the range 540nm-830nm. The effects are thought to be mediated by a photochemical reaction that alters CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, leading to increased mRNA synthesis and CELL PROLIFERATION. The effects are not due to heat, as in LASER SURGERY. Low-level laser therapy has been used in general medicine, veterinary medicine, and dentistry for a wide variety of conditions, but most frequently for wound healing and pain control.
AN = coord IM with disease /radiother (IM)
UI = D028022
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
MS = A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of microcirculation. The technique is based on the values of the Doppler effect of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.
AN = measurement of Doppler eff of laser light in microcirc studies & diag; index laser velocimeters & Doppler velocimeters here with /instrum & do not coord with LASERS or DOPPLER EFFECT
UI = D017078
Lasers
MS = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. This phenomenon is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the visible, infrared, or ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. They are capable of producing immense heat and power when focused at close range and are used in surgical procedures, in diagnosis, and in physiologic studies. Lasers used at low power, transmitting light not heat, have been used in wound healing and pain control (LASER THERAPY, LOW-LEVEL).
AN = lasers as surg = LASER SURGERY + disease /surg, not /radiother; low-intensity lasers = LASER THERAPY, LOW-LEVEL; multiple doses over time in ther = LASERS /ther use + disease /radiother; laser inj = LASERS /adv eff + organ /inj but do not coord with RADIATION INJURIES or any BURNS term; eff of laser as radiation: coord IM with Cat A, B or D term /rad eff (IM); do not index under source of light (ARGON; XENON; etc.) unless the point of the article & then probably NIM only, without qualif; laser surg of cataract = LASER SURGERY (IM) + CATARACT EXTRACTION (IM) but note LASER COAGULATION which is also used in eye surg
UI = D007834
Lassa Fever
MS = An acute febrile human disease caused by the LASSA VIRUS.
AN = a hemorrhagic fever caused by an arenavirus
UI = D007835
Lassa virus
MS = A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), and the etiologic agent of LASSA FEVER. LASSA VIRUS is a common infective agent in humans in West Africa. Its natural host is the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis.
AN = infection = LASSA FEVER
UI = D007836
Latency Period (Psychology)
MS = The period from about 5 to 7 years to adolescence when there is an apparent cessation of psychosexual development.
AN = no qualif; DF: LATENCY PERIOD
UI = D007837
Lateral Ligament, Ankle
MS = There are two lateral ligaments of the ankle - internal and external. The internal lateral ligament is attached to the apex and anterior and posterior bodies of the inner maleolus and inserted into the navicular bone, the inferior calcaneo-navicular ligament, the sustentaculum tali of the os calcis, and the inner side of the astragalus. The external lateral ligament, also called the lateral collateral ligament, consists of three distinct fasciculi - the calcaneofibular, the anterior talofibular, and the posterior talofibular.
UI = D017844
Lateral Medullary Syndrome
MS = Infarction of the dorsolateral aspect of the medulla due to occlusion of the vertebral artery and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of infarction, but may include loss of pain and temperature sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body below the chin; ipsilateral HORNER SYNDROME; ipsilateral ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; VERTIGO; nausea, hiccup; dysphagia; and VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p801)
UI = D014854
Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
MS = Infectious or noninfectious thrombosis of the lateral sinus of the brain. Septic thrombosis may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA or MASTOIDITIS. CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; THROMBOPHILIA; and other conditions may result in non-septic thrombosis. Clinical manifestations include headache, vertigo, and increased intracranial pressure. Extension of the thrombus into adjacent venous structures may result in INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES or SEIZURES. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch23, pp60-8)
UI = D020227
Lateral Thalamic Nuclei
MS = A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and the PULVINAR.
UI = D020647
Lateral Ventricles
MS = Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM, and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (CHOROID PLEXUS) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
AN = /radiogr: coord with CEREBRAL VENTRICULOGRAPHY
UI = D020547
Laterality
MS = Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
AN = restrict to neurol & psychol sense; for sidedness or laterality of dis, index dis /pathol or dis /physiopathol; for uni- or bilateral surg, use surg term /methods if pertinent; use entry vocab HANDEDNESS only with reference to primates
UI = D007839
Latex
MS = A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encylopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed) However, the term latex has been broadened in scope to include RUBBER and other synthetic polymers. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIX ATION TESTS.
AN = can be synthesized; do not confuse with RUBBER, processed or synthetic; D25-26 qualif; /biosyn permitted if by plant
UI = D007840
Latex Fixation Tests
MS = Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
AN = NIM
UI = D007841
Latex Hypersensitivity
MS = Allergic reaction to products containing processed natural rubber latex such as rubber gloves, condoms, catheters, dental dams, balloons, and sporting equipment. Both T-cell mediated (HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED) and IgE antibody-mediated (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE) allergic responses are possible. Delayed hypersensitivity results from exposure to antioxidants present in the rubber; immediate hypersensitivity results from exposure to a latex protein.
AN = coord with HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE or HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED if pertinent
UI = D020315
Lathyrism
MS = A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially beta-aminopropionitrile, found in the seeds of plants of the genus Lathyrus (see FABACEAE).
AN = if nitrile-induced, index also under the nitrile, probably NIM
UI = D007842
Lathyrus
MS = A plant genus in the family FABACEAE known for LATHYRISM poisoning.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027807
Latin America
MS = The geographic area of Latin America in general and when the specific country or countries are not indicated. It usually includes Central America, South America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean.
AN = GEN: prefer specific country
UI = D007843
Latvia
UI = D007844
Laughter
MS = An involuntary expression of merriment and pleasure; it includes the patterned motor responses as well as the inarticulate vocalization.
UI = D007845
Laughter Therapy
MS = Therapeutic use of humor and laughter to improve emotional well being in order to facilitate improvement in health.
UI = D027641
Laundering
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D007846
Laundry Service, Hospital
MS = Hospital department which administers all activities pertaining to the hospital laundry service.
AN = DF: LAUNDRY SERV HOSP
UI = D007847
Lauraceae
MS = A family of mainly aromatic evergeen plants in the order Laurales. The laurel family includes 2,200 species in 45 genera and from these are derived medicinal extracts, essential oils, camphor and other products.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D019770
Laurates
MS = Salts and esters of the 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--lauric acid.
UI = D007848
Laurence-Moon Syndrome
MS = An autosomal recessive condition characterized by hypogonadism; spinocerebellar degeneration; MENTAL RETARDATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and OBESITY. This syndrome was previously referred to as Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome until BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME was identified as a distinct entity. (From N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 12;321(15):1002-9)
AN = note X ref: do not confuse with LAURENCE-MOON-BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME see BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME
UI = D007849
Lauric Acids
MS = 12-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
UI = D007850
Laurus
MS = A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. Laurus nobilis L. leaves are known for use in SPICES, having a similar flavor as UMBELLULARIA.
AN = do not confuse X ref BAY LAUREL with BAY LAUREL, CALIFORNIA see UMBELLULARIA; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027442
Lavandula
MS = A plant genus of the LAMIACEAE family.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027523
Law Enforcement
MS = Organized efforts to insure obedience to the laws of a community.
AN = specify geog
UI = D035846
Lawrencium
MS = Lawrencium. A radioactive actinide discovered in 1961. It has the atomic symbol Lr, atomic number 103, and atomic weight of 257. There are two isotopes with mass number 257 or 258, and mass number 256.
AN = naturally radioactive; IM
UI = D007852
Lawsonia Bacteria
MS = A genus of gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria causing a proliferative enteritis in animals, especially pigs, deer, horses, and rabbits.
AN = infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D020639
Lawsonia Plant
MS = A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE that is the source of henna and has cytotoxic activity.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031564
Lawyers
MS = Persons whose profession is to give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in legal matters. (American Heritage Dictionary, 3d ed)
UI = D033241
LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1
MS = A LDL-receptor related protein involved in clearance of chylomicron remnants and of activated ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS from plasma.
AN = DF: RECEPT APO E
UI = D026503
LDL-Receptor Related Protein 2
MS = A LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN found in the neuroepithelium and in proximal tubular cells of the kidney. It is considered a multiligand receptor in that it binds to a variety of ligands with relatively high affinity and may function in mediating the uptake and lysosomal degradation of macromolecules such as: LIPOPROTEINS, ENDOPEPTIDASES and PROTEASE INHIBITORS.
AN = not X ref Heymann Nephritis Antigen GP330: HEYMANN NEPHRITIS ANTIGENIC COMPLEX is also available; DF: LRP 2
UI = D026561
LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein
MS = A membrane protein found in the rough endoplasm reticulum (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH) that binds to LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEINS. It may function to prevent ligand binding of receptors during protein processing events within endosomal compartments.
UI = D026563
LDL-Receptor Related Proteins
MS = A family of proteins that share sequence similarity with the low density lipoprotein receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL).
UI = D026502
Lead
MS = A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)
AN = Pb-208; Pb-204, 206, 207 = LEAD (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Pb-194-203, 205, 209-214 = LEAD RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
UI = D007854
Lead Poisoning
AN = occup lead pois: coord IM with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES (IM) but not also ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE (see note there); in infant or child = LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD; in adolescent or adult, consider also LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT
UI = D007855
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System
MS = Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.
AN = prefer specifics: in infant or child = LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD; in adolescent or adult = LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT
UI = D020263
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult
MS = Neurologic conditions in adults associated with acute or chronic exposure to lead or any of its salts. The most common lead related neurologic syndrome in adults consists of a polyneuropathy involving motor fibers. This tends to affect distal nerves and may present as wrist drop due to RADIAL NEUROPATHY. Additional features of chronic lead exposure include ANEMIA; CONSTIPATION; colicky abdominal pain; a bluish lead line of the gums; interstitial nephritis (NEPHRITIS, INTERSTITIAL); and saturnine gout. An encephalopathy may rarely occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1212)
AN = includes adolescent as well as adult; coord with specific nervous system symptoms if emphasized
UI = D020265
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood
MS = Neurologic disorders occurring in children following lead exposure. The most frequent manifestation of childhood lead toxicity is an encephalopathy associated with chronic ingestion of lead that usually presents between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Clinical manifestations include behavioral changes followed by lethargy; CONVULSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; DELIRIUM; ATAXIA; and vomiting. Elevated intracranial pressure (HYPERTENSION, INTRACRANIAL) and CEREBRAL EDEMA may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1210-2)
AN = includes infant as well as child; coord with specific nervous system symptoms if emphasized
UI = D020264
Lead Radioisotopes
MS = Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.
AN = Pb-194-203, 205, 209-214; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)
UI = D007856
Leadership
MS = The function of directing or controlling the actions or attitudes of an individual or group with more or less willing acquiescence of the followers.
AN = no qualif
UI = D007857
Learning
MS = Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.
AN = more psychol than educ: Manual 30.12
UI = D007858
Learning Disorders
MS = Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia.
UI = D007859
Leasing, Property
MS = Contractual arrangement between the lessor (owner) and the lessee in which the use of equipment or facilities is granted to the lessee for a period of time and at a specified rate.
UI = D007860
Least-Squares Analysis
MS = A principle of estimation in which the estimates of a set of parameters in a statistical model are those quantities minimizing the sum of squared differences between the observed values of a dependent variable and the values predicted by the model.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease or other concept (IM);
UI = D016018
Lebanon
UI = D007861
Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency
MS = A disease characterized by deficiency or low levels of plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase. Clinical manifestations include corneal opacity, anemia, and proteinuria.
AN = a hypolipoproteinemia; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D007863
Lectins
MS = Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
UI = D037102
Lectins, C-Type
MS = A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.
UI = D037181
Lecture Notes [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of notes taken at the delivery or reading of a speech before an audience or class, usually given to instruct. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
AN = publication type only; for notes (usually instructive) taken at a lecture or class
UI = D019528
Lectures [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of speeches read or delivered before an audience or class, especially for instruction or to set forth some subject. They are differentiated from ADDRESSES [PUBLICATION TYPE] which are less didactic and more informational, entertaining, inspirational, or polemic. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
AN = publication type only; usually for instruction; do not confuse with Publication Type ADDRESSES; Publication Type LECTURE NOTES is also available
UI = D019531
Lecythidaceae
MS = A plant family of the order Lecythidales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031381
Ledum
MS = A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029794
Leeches
MS = Annelids of the class Hirudinea. Some species, the bloodsuckers, may become temporarily parasitic upon animals, including man. Medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) have been used therapeutically for drawing blood since ancient times.
UI = D007865
Leeching
MS = The application of LEECHES to the body to draw blood for therapeutic purposes. Such medicinal leeching, an ancient medical practice, is still being used in microsurgery and the treatment of venous congestion or occlusion.
UI = D024763
Leg
MS = The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.
AN = primates only but see note on LEG INJURIES; for whole leg or lower leg (THIGH is available for upper leg); for bones use TIBIA or FIBULA; Manual 21.58: table of human, primate & non-primate extremities
UI = D007866
Leg Bones
MS = The bones of the lower extremity in man and of any of the four extremities in animals.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D007867
Leg Dermatoses
MS = A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = GEN & as coord for specific skin diseases of the leg but not as coord for neoplasms on the leg (use neopl coords (IM) with LEG (IM); consider synonym for leg dermatitis & do not add DERMATITIS unless one of the specific DERMATITIS terms in MeSH
UI = D007868
Leg Injuries
MS = General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.
AN = GEN or unspecified; consider also /inj with specific parts of the leg; /vet permitted for non-primates
UI = D007869
Leg Length Inequality
MS = A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.
AN = correction of inequality: coord IM with BONE LENGTHENING (IM) or specifically ILIZAROV TECHNIQUE (IM) if pertinent
UI = D007870
Leg Ulcer
MS = Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.
AN = if varicose, index instead under VARICOSE ULCER; FOOT ULCER is also available
UI = D007871
Legal Cases [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of collections of law reports or the published reports of decided cases and documents or filings related to those cases.
AN = publication type only; legal cases, not clinical cases ( = check tag CASE REPORT)
UI = D016418
Legal Guardians
MS = A legal concept for individuals who are designated to act on behalf of persons who are considered incapable of acting in their own behalf, e.g., minors and persons found to be not mentally competent.
AN = specify state or country if pertinent
UI = D007872
Legg-Perthes Disease
MS = A particular type of FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS occurring in children, mainly male, with a course of four years or so.
AN = a type of femur head necrosis
UI = D007873
Leghemoglobin
MS = A hemoglobin-like oxygen-binding hemeprotein present in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants. The red pigment has a molecular weight approximately 1/4 that of hemoglobin and has been suggested to act as an oxido-reduction catalyst in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
AN = from leguminous plants
UI = D007874
Legionella
MS = Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water, mud, or thermally polluted lakes or streams. It is pathogenic for man and it has no known soil or animal sources.
AN = infection = LEGIONELLOSIS but Legionella pneumophila infect = LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE
UI = D007875
Legionella pneumophila
MS = A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE. It has been isolated from numerous environmental sites as well as from human lung tissue, respiratory secretions, and blood.
AN = infection = LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE
UI = D016952
Legionellaceae
MS = A family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that do not form endospores or microcysts.
UI = D016951
Legionellosis
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA.
AN = gram-neg bact infect by any species of Legionella except L. pneumophila ( = LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE)
UI = D007876
Legionnaires' Disease
MS = An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion.
AN = caused by Legionella pneumophila: infect by other Legionella species = LEGIONELLOSIS
UI = D007877
Legislation
MS = The enactment of laws and ordinances and their regulation by official organs of a nation, state, or other legislative organization. It refers also to health-related laws and regulations in general or for which there is no specific heading.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; prefer /legis: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.42; IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS
UI = D007878
Legislation [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of the text of proposed or enacted legislation that may be in the form of bills, laws, statutes, ordinances, or government regulations.
UI = D020485
Legislation, Dental
MS = Laws and regulations pertaining to the field of dentistry, proposed for enactment or recently enacted by a legislative body.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS DENT
UI = D007879
Legislation, Drug
MS = Laws concerned with manufacturing, dispensing, and marketing of drugs.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS DRUG
UI = D007880
Legislation, Food
MS = Laws and regulations concerned with industrial processing and marketing of foods.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS FOOD
UI = D007881
Legislation, Hospital
MS = Laws and regulations concerning hospitals, which are proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS HOSP
UI = D007882
Legislation, Medical
MS = Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of medicine, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS MED
UI = D007883
Legislation, Nursing
MS = Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of nursing, proposed for enactment by a legislative body.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS NURS
UI = D007884
Legislation, Pharmacy
MS = Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of pharmacy, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS PHARM
UI = D007885
Legislation, Veterinary
MS = Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of veterinary medicine, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.
AN = IM; specify country or state; DF: LEGIS VET
UI = D007886
Leigh Disease
MS = A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).
UI = D007888
Leiomyoma
MS = A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract but can occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.
AN = solitary; multiple = LEIOMYOMATOSIS; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); for X refs FIBROID UTERUS; FIBROIDS, UTERINE & FIBROMA, UTERINE: coord with UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D007889
Leiomyoma, Epithelioid
MS = A relatively rare smooth muscle tumor found most frequently in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the stomach. It is similar to other smooth muscle tumors but may become very large and hemorrhage and exhibit small cystic areas. Simple excision is almost always curative. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1354)
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D018230
Leiomyomatosis
MS = The state of having multiple leiomyomas throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = multiple; solitary = LEIOMYOMA; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM) if relevant
UI = D018231
Leiomyosarcoma
MS = A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D007890
Leishmania
MS = A genus of flagellate protozoa comprising several species that are pathogenic for humans. Organisms of this genus have an amastigote and a promastigote stage in their life cycles. As a result of enzymatic studies this single genus has been divided into two subgenera: Leishmania leishmania and Leishmania viannia. Species within the Leishmania leishmania subgenus include: L. aethiopica, L. arabica, L. donovani, L. enrietti, L. gerbilli, L. hertigi, L. infantum, L. major, L. mexicana, and L. tropica. The following species are those that compose the Leishmania viannia subgenus: L. braziliensis, L. guyanensis, L. lainsoni, L. naiffi, and L. shawi.
AN = infection = LEISHMANIASIS or its specifics; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN; a virus infecting Leishmania is named LEISHMANIAVIRUS: read MeSH definition there
UI = D007891
Leishmania braziliensis
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania viannia that infects man and animals. It causes cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS) depending on the subspecies of this organism. The sandfly, Lutzomyia, is the vector. The Leishmania braziliensis complex includes the subspecies braziliensis and peruviana. Uta, a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World, is caused by the subspecies peruviana.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS (IM) or LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS (IM) or LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS (IM); check text but L. guyanensis & L. panamensis infection = LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D007892
Leishmania donovani
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.
AN = do not confuse with LEISHMANIA DONOVANI CHAGASI see LEISHMANIA INFANTUM or LEISHMANIA DONOVANI INFANTUM see LEISHMANIA INFANTUM; infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D007893
Leishmania enriettii
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that has been found as a natural infection of the Brazilian guinea pig. Its host-tissue relationship is, in general, comparable to that of L. braziliensis.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D018313
Leishmania guyanensis
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania viannia that infects man and animals and causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS). Transmission is by Lutzomyia sandflies.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D018334
Leishmania infantum
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Human infections are confined almost entirely to children. This parasite is commonly seen in dogs, other Canidae, and porcupines with humans considered only an accidental host. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D018314
Leishmania major
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) of the Old World. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D018320
Leishmania mexicana
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals including rodents. The Leishmania mexicana complex causes both cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS) and includes the subspecies amazonensis, garnhami, mexicana, pifanoi, and venezuelensis. L. m. mexicana causes chiclero ulcer, a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) in the New World. The sandfly, Lutzomyia, appears to be the vector.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS (IM) or LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D007894
Leishmania tropica
MS = A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and rodents. This taxonomic complex includes species which cause a disease called Oriental sore which is a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS) of the Old World.
AN = infection: coord IM with LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN
UI = D007895
Leishmaniasis
MS = A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).
AN = protozoan infect; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; American leishmaniasis is LEISHMANIASIS, AMERICAN see LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS; tegumentary leishmaniasis = LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS
UI = D007896
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
MS = An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.
AN = caused by L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis, L. major, L. mexicana or L. tropica; LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS & LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS are also available
UI = D016773
Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous
MS = A form of LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia and Kenya, L. pifanoi in Venezuela, L. braziliensis in South America, and L. mexicana in Central America. This disease is characterized by massive dissemination of skin lesions without visceral involvement.
AN = caused by L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis, L. mexicana or L. pifanoi; see MeSH definition for locales
UI = D016774
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous
MS = A disease characterized by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms.
AN = caused by Leishmania braziliensis or L. guyanensis
UI = D007897
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
MS = A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.
AN = caused by L. donovani or L. infantum
UI = D007898
Leishmaniavirus
MS = A genus of RNA protozoan viruses of the family TOTIVIRIDAE. Several different strains of Leishmania are infected by a variety of viral species. The type species is Leishmania RNA virus 1-1.
AN = a genus of the family Totiviridae; infects the protozoan Leishmania; coord IM with specific Leishmania /virol (IM)
UI = D019199
Leisure Activities
MS = Voluntary use of free time for activities outside the daily routine.
UI = D007899
Lemur
MS = A genus of the family Lemuridae consisting of five species: L. catta (ring-tailed lemur), L. fulvus, L. macaco (acoumba or black lemur), L. mongoz (mongoose lemur), and L. variegatus (white lemur). Most members of this genus occur in forested areas on Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.
AN = a genus; do not confuse with LEMUR, DWARF see CHEIROGALEIDAE or LEMUR, MOUSE see CHEIROGALEIDAE; IM; qualif permitted
UI = D007900
Lemuridae
MS = A family of the order PRIMATES, suborder Strepsirhini (PROSIMII), containing four genera which inhabit Madagascar and the Comoro Island. Most of the lemurs prefer wooded areas. The four genera are Hapalemur, LEMUR, Lepilemur, and Varecia.
AN = prosimians; IM; qualif permitted
UI = D007901
Length of Stay
MS = The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.
AN = length of stay in hosp, clinics, etc.
UI = D007902
Lens Capsule, Crystalline
MS = The noncellular outer covering of the crystalline lens, secreted by the embryonic anterior and posterior epithelium. The embryonic posterior epithelium later disappears.
AN = outer covering of crystalline lens
UI = D007903
Lens Cortex, Crystalline
MS = The portion of the crystalline lens surrounding the nucleus and bound anteriorly by the epithelium and posteriorly by the capsule. It contains lens fibers and amorphous, intercellular substance.
UI = D007904
Lens Diseases
AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics
UI = D007905
Lens Implantation, Intraocular
MS = Insertion of an artificial lens following removal of the crystalline lens, usually after cataract extraction.
UI = D019654
Lens Nucleus, Crystalline
MS = The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex.
UI = D007907
Lens Subluxation
MS = Incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil. In dislocation, or complete rupture, the lens is displaced forward into the anterior chamber or backward into the vitreous body. When congenital, this condition is known as ECTOPIA LENTIS.
AN = spontaneous or traumatic; luxation = total disloc, subluxation = partial disloc
UI = D007906
Lens, Crystalline
MS = A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes.
AN = of the eye; congen absence = APHAKIA /congen; postcataract aphakia or "aphakic eye after cataract" = APHAKIA, POSTCATARACT; replacement by intraocular lens = LENSES, INTRAOCULAR; extraction = probably CATARACT EXTRACTION
UI = D007908
Lenses
MS = Pieces of glass or other transparent materials used for magnification or increased visual acuity.
AN = for microscopes, magnifying glasses, telescopes, etc. but not for eyeglasses or sunglasses ( = EYEGLASSES); see next entry
UI = D007909
Lenses, Intraocular
MS = Artificial implanted lenses.
AN = artif lens: do not confuse with LENS, CRYSTALLINE (Cat A); commonly used after cataract extraction but do not coord with CATARACT EXTRACTION unless particularly discussed; PSEUDOPHAKIA is available for the state of the eye in the presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction
UI = D007910
Lentigo
MS = Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).
AN = a form of melanosis
UI = D007911
Lentils
MS = A plant genus of the FABACEAE family known for the seeds used as food.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027806
Lentinan
MS = Polysaccharide isolated from the edible mushroom Lentinus edodes. The exact composition is unknown.
UI = D007912
Lentinus
MS = A genus of fungi of the family Tricholomataceae, order AGARICALES. The commonly known SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS are Lentinus edodes (also seen as Lentinula edodes).
UI = D020074
Lentivirus
MS = A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of non-oncogenic retroviruses that produce multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. Lentiviruses are unique in that they contain open reading frames (ORFs) between the pol and env genes and in the 3' env region. Five serogroups are recognized, reflecting the mammalian hosts with which they are associated. HIV-1 is the type species.
AN = a genus of the family Retroviridae; Latin lenti-, slow, refers to its long incubation period; infection = LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS
UI = D016086
Lentivirus Infections
MS = Virus diseases caused by the Lentivirus genus. They are multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection.
AN = caused by a retrovirus; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics
UI = D016180
Lentiviruses, Bovine
MS = A subgenus of LENTIVIRUS comprising viruses that produce multi-organ disease with long incubation periods in cattle.
AN = a subgenus of the genus Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D017960
Lentiviruses, Equine
MS = A subgenus of LENTIVIRUS comprising viruses that produce multi-organ disease with long incubation periods in horses.
AN = a subgenus of the genus Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D017961
Lentiviruses, Feline
MS = A subgenus of LENTIVIRUS comprising viruses that produce multi-organ disease with long incubation periods in cats.
AN = a subgenus of the genus Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D017969
Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine
MS = A subgenus of LENTIVIRUS comprising viruses that produce multi-organ disease with long incubation periods in sheep and goats.
AN = a subgenus of the genus Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D017972
Lentiviruses, Primate
MS = A subgenus of LENTIVIRUS comprising viruses that produce immunodeficiencies in primates, including humans.
AN = a subgenus of the genus Lentivirus; infection: coord IM with LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D017958
Leonurus
MS = A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains leonurine.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031332
Leper Colonies
MS = Residential treatment centers for individuals with leprosy.
AN = specify geog
UI = D007914
Lepidium
MS = A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE growing in Peru mountains. It is the source of maca root.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029686
Lepidium sativum
MS = A plant species of the genus LEPIDIUM, family BRASSICACEAE that is a fast-growing, often weedy native of western Asia. It is widely grown, especially in its curl-leaved form, and used as a garnish
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031220
Lepidoptera
MS = A large order of insects comprising the butterflies and moths.
AN = includes BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS; don't forget SILKWORMS; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
UI = D007915
Leporipoxvirus
MS = A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, consisting of ether-sensitive viruses of leporids and squirrels. They commonly cause tumors and are usually transmitted mechanically by arthropods. MYXOMA VIRUS is the type species.
AN = a genus of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae; from Latin lepori-, rabbit; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D018152
Lepromin
AN = for lepromin test or lepromin reaction do not coord with SKIN TESTS
UI = D007916
Leprostatic Agents
MS = Substances that suppress Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorate the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduce the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
AN = -static or -cidal; consider also MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE /drug eff & LEPROSY /drug ther
UI = D007917
Leprosy
MS = A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.
AN = caused by Mycobacterium leprae; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; rat leprosy = MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS (IM) + MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAEMURIUM (IM); /drug ther: consider also LEPROSTATIC AGENTS; ENL (erythema nodosum leprosum): see note at LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS
UI = D007918
Leprosy, Borderline
MS = A form of LEPROSY in which there are clinical manifestations of both principal types (lepromatous and tuberculoid). The disease may shift toward one of these two polar or principal forms.
UI = D015439
Leprosy, Lepromatous
MS = A chronic communicable infection which is a principal or polar form of LEPROSY. This disorder is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and produces diffuse granulomatous skin lesions in the form of nodules, macules, or papules. The peripheral nerves are involved symmetrically and neural sequelae occur in the advanced stage.
AN = erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL): index under LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS (IM) + ERYTHEMA NODOSUM (IM)
UI = D015440
Leprosy, Tuberculoid
MS = A principal or polar form of LEPROSY in which the skin lesions are few and are sharply demarcated. Peripheral nerve involvement is pronounced and may be severe. Unlike lepromatous leprosy (LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS), the lepromin test is positive. Tuberculoid leprosy is rarely a source of infection to others.
UI = D015441
Leptin
MS = A 16-kD peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores.
UI = D020738
Leptophos
MS = An organothiophosphate insecticide.
AN = TN 111 for eff on insects
UI = D010773
Leptospermum
MS = A plant genus of the family MYRTACEAE. The common name of tea tree is also used for MELALEUCA and KUNZEA.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031649
Leptospira
MS = A genus of aerobic, helical spirochetes, some species of which are pathogenic, others free-living or saprophytic.
AN = infection = LEPTOSPIROSIS
UI = D007919
Leptospira interrogans
MS = A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS.
AN = Leptospira interrogans seroGROUPS go here; infection: coord IM with probably LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D007921
Leptospira interrogans serovar australis
MS = A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, characteristically associated with a severe zoonotic disease in humans.
AN = do not confuse with the seroGROUP australis, sometimes termed Leptospira australis (index LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS); infection: coord IM with probably LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D041281
Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis
MS = A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose primary host is the MOUSE.
AN = do not confuse with the seroGROUP autumnalis, sometimes termed Leptospira autumnalis (index LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS); infection: coord IM with probably LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D041301
Leptospira Interrogans serovar canicola
MS = A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose natural host is DOGS where disease is characterized by GASTROENTERITIS, and INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS.
AN = do not confuse with the seroGROUP canicola, sometimes termed Leptospira canicola (index LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS); infection: coord IM with probably LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D041341
Leptospira interrogans serovar hebdomadis
MS = A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose frequent host is CATTLE.
AN = do not confuse with the seroGROUP hebdomadis, sometimes termed Leptospira hebdomadis (index LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS); infection: coord IM with probably LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D041343
Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae
MS = A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose primary host is RATS.
AN = do not confuse with the seroGROUP icterohaemorrhagiae, sometimes termed Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (index LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS); infection: probably WEIL DISEASE or if not coord IM with LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D041383
Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona
MS = A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose primary hosts include CATTLE and SWINE.
AN = do not confuse with the seroGROUP pomona, sometimes termed Leptospira pomona (index LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS); infection: coord IM with probably LEPTOSPIROSIS (IM)
UI = D041401
Leptospiraceae
MS = A family of bacteria consisting of flexible helical cells exhibiting a right-handed conformation. It consists of a single genus, LEPTOSPIRA.
AN = a family of gram-neg aerobic bacteria
UI = D016953
Leptospirosis
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.
AN = gram-neg bact infect; a spirochete infect
UI = D007922
Leriche's Syndrome
MS = A syndrome caused by obstruction of the terminal aorta. It usually occurs in males and is characterized by fatigue in the hips, thighs, or calves on exercising, absence of pulsation in the femoral arteries, impotence, and often pallor and coldness of the lower limbs. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = obstruction of terminal aorta
UI = D007925
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
MS = An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)
UI = D007926
Lesotho
MS = A kingdom in southern Africa, an enclave lying within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru. It was mostly uninhabited before 1800. In the early 19th century it had many disputes with the Boers. First receiving British protection in 1843, it was annexed in 1868 and made part of Cape Colony in 1871. It became a British colony in 1884 and gained independence in 1966. Sotho is the name of the indigenous people, probably meaning black. The plural is Basotho which gave the former name Basutoland. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p664 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p304)
AN = a kingdom lying within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA
UI = D007927
Lespedeza
MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.
AN = note X ref BUSH CLOVER: SWEET CLOVER see MELILOTUS, CLOVER see MEDICAGO and RED CLOVER see TRIFOLIUM are also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029884
Lethal Dose 50
MS = The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.
AN = almost never IM; do not coord with /mortal in exper studies; DF: LD 50 or LD50
UI = D007928
Letter [Publication Type]
MS = Work consisting of written or printed communication between individuals or between persons and representatives of corporate bodies. The correspondence may be personal or professional. In medical and other scientific publications the letter is usually from one or more authors to the editor of the journal or book publishing the item being commented upon or discussed. LETTER [PUBLICATION TYPE] is often accompanied by COMMENT [PUBLICATION TYPE].
AN = publication type only; appears in titles within brackets & in translations within parentheses (Manual 14.5.1.5, 14.5.1.11); for letters & correspondence as a subject, index under main heading CORRESPONDENCE
UI = D016422
Letterer-Siwe Disease
MS = Acute, disseminated, rapidly progressive form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis.
AN = a Langerhans-cell histiocytosis
UI = D007929
Lettuce
MS = Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
AN = as plant & food; selected qualif from Cat B6 & Cat J2
UI = D018545
Leucine
MS = An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.
AN = /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted
UI = D007930
Leucine Zippers
MS = DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. Leucines occurring in heptad repeats end up on the same sides of the helixes and are adjacent to each other in the stem of the Y (the "zipper" region). The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y.
UI = D016350
Leucine-tRNA Ligase
MS = An enzyme that activates leucine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.4.
UI = D007935
Leucogenenol
UI = D007932
Leucomycins
MS = An antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kitasatoensis. The complex consists of a mixture of at least eight biologically active components, A1 and A3 to A9. Leucomycins have both antibacterial and antimycoplasmal activities.
AN = macrolide antibiotics; do not confuse with LEUCOMYCIN see KITASAMYCIN
UI = D007933
Leuconostoc
MS = A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. It is nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans.
AN = in plant & dairy products
UI = D007934
Leucovorin
MS = The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as its calcium salt as an antidote to folic acid antagonists which block the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid.
AN = /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted
UI = D002955
Leucyl Aminopeptidase
MS = A zinc containing enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the removal of the N-terminal amino acid from most L-peptides, particularly those with N-terminal leucine residues but not those with N-terminal lysine or arginine residues. This occurs in tissue cell cytosol, with high activity in the duodenum, liver, and kidney. EC 3.4.11.1
UI = D007931
Leucyl-beta-Naphthylamidase
MS = An aminopeptidase frequently used to test for LEUCYL AMINOPEPTIDASE activity. It also hydrolyzes naphthylamides of leucine. EC 3.4.11.-.
UI = D007936
Leukapheresis
MS = The preparation of leukocyte concentrates with the return of red cells and leukocyte-poor plasma to the donor.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D007937
Leukemia
MS = A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. It is classified according to degree of cell differentiation as acute or chronic, and according to predominant type of cell involved as myelogenous or lymphocytic. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = note all the leukemia terms & cross-refs for the many types of leukemia; if not here, check Tumor Manual or Tumor Key; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; radiation-induced = LEUKEMIA, RADIATION-INDUCED; leukemic infiltration = LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION but see note there
UI = D007938
Leukemia L1210
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct /vet
UI = D007939
Leukemia L5178
MS = An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct /vet
UI = D007940
Leukemia P388
MS = An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.
UI = D007941
Leukemia Virus, Bovine
MS = The type species of DELTARETROVIRUS that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS) or persistent lymphocytosis.
AN = a species of the genus DELTARETROVIRUS; infection = ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS
UI = D001909
Leukemia Virus, Feline
MS = A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia, lymphosarcoma, immune deficiency, or other degenerative diseases in cats. Several cellular oncogenes confer on FeLV the ability to induce sarcomas (see also SARCOMA VIRUSES, FELINE).
AN = infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) or if so specified by author index instead under LEUKEMIA, FELINE (IM but see note there) or FELINE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (IM but see note there); DF: FELV
UI = D005256
Leukemia Virus, Gibbon Ape
MS = A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia in the gibbon ape. Natural transmission is by contact.
AN = infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + LEUKEMIA (IM) if pertinent; DF: GALV
UI = D017989
Leukemia Virus, Murine
MS = Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS, containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice.
AN = infection: coord IM with RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + LEUKEMIA, EXPERIMENTAL (IM)
UI = D009052
Leukemia, B-Cell
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015448
Leukemia, B-Cell, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: note short X ref B-ALL
UI = D015450
Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015451
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015471
Leukemia, CALLA-Positive
MS = Acute leukemia in which lymphocytes are positive for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA).
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; CALLA stands for "common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen" or "common ALL antigen" ( = CALLA see NEPRILYSIN)
UI = D015453
Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015472
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
MS = A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; Friend erythroleukemia cells: coord IM with FRIEND MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (IM) + TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED (NIM)
UI = D004915
Leukemia, Experimental
MS = Leukemia induced experimentally by administration of various leukemogenic agents, viruses, radiation or transplantation.
AN = includes infection by oncogenic leukoviruses or leukemia viruses (NIM); do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: LEUKEMIA EXPER
UI = D007942
Leukemia, Feline
MS = A neoplastic disease of cats frequently associated with feline leukemia virus infection.
AN = caused by a retrovirus; don't forget also CATS (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
UI = D016582
Leukemia, Hairy Cell
MS = A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of "hairy" or "flagellated" cells in the blood and bone marrow.
AN = "hairy" refers to flagellated appearance of the lymphoreticular cells; since the dis is chronic, do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; consider also LEUKEMIA, T-CELL, HTLV-II-ASSOCIATED
UI = D007943
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
MS = Leukemia associated with hyperplasia and overactivity of the lymphoid tissue. There are increased numbers of circulating malignant lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. (Dorland, 28th ed, p919)
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D007945
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute
MS = Lymphocytic leukemia where cells show little differentiation. There are three major subgroups (FAB L1, L2, & L3) based on distinguishing characteristics of the blast cells. Adult and childhood forms of the disease show biological differences as well.
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics
UI = D015447
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; don't forget CHILD check tags; DF: note short X ref ALL, CHILDHOOD
UI = D015454
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2
AN = note X ref on Philadelphia-positive: LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, PHILADELPHIA-POSITIVE is also available; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015455
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015462
Leukemia, Mast-Cell
MS = A form of systemic mastocytosis (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC) characterized by the presence of large numbers of tissue MAST CELLS in the peripheral blood without skin lesions. It is a high-grade LEUKEMIA disease with bone marrow smear of >20% MAST CELLS, multi-organ failure and a short survival.
UI = D007946
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic, Acute
MS = Nonlymphocytic leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. Myelofibrosis or increased bone marrow reticulin is common.
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D007947
Leukemia, Mixed-Cell
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015456
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D007948
Leukemia, Monocytic, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015476
Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute
MS = Progressive, malignant disease of the myeloid tissue in which the granular, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their precursors predominate.
AN = GEN; note X refs for when specified as M1 or M2; for M3-M7 use MeSH see refs at LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACUTE, M3, etc., but when author uses term "acute myeloid leukemia" without specifying M1-M7, index under LEUKEMIA, MYELOID (IM) + ACUTE DISEASE (NIM); do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D007950
Leukemia, Myeloid
MS = Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors in the bone marrow and other sites.
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D007951
Leukemia, Myeloid, Aggressive-Phase
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: CML AGGRESSIVE
UI = D015465
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015464
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: CML CHRONIC
UI = D015466
Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative
AN = "Philadelphia" refers to the Philadelphia chromosome; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: LEUKEMIA PHILA NEG
UI = D015468
Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive
AN = "Philadelphia" refers to the Philadelphia chromosome; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: LEUKEMIA PHILA POS
UI = D015469
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015479
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015477
Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015467
Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute
MS = Acute leukemia distinguished from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) by the morphology of the marrow and blood leukemic cells. Cytoplasmic granules are usually present and the nucleus is usually large and irregular. ANLL is more common in adults than ALL and occurs at any age.
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: note short X ref ANLL
UI = D015470
Leukemia, Null-Cell
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015457
Leukemia, Plasmacytic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D007952
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015452
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015463
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015473
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
AN = coord IM with specific type of LEUKEMIA (IM); do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; policy: Manual 24.4.3.2
UI = D007953
Leukemia, Subleukemic
MS = A form of leukemia that occurs without elevated levels of leukocytes within the blood. Lesions containing abnormal leukocytes can be found within tissues.
AN = coord IM with specific type of LEUKEMIA (IM)
UI = D007954
Leukemia, T-Cell
MS = A subtype of lymphocytic leukemia classified as acute or chronic depending on the degree of cell differentiation, not the duration of the disease.
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics
UI = D015458
Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; DF: note short X ref T-ALL
UI = D015459
Leukemia, T-Cell, Chronic
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015461
Leukemia, T-Cell, HTLV-II-Associated
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D015446
Leukemia-Lymphoma, T-Cell, Acute, HTLV-I-Associated
MS = Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.
UI = D015460
Leukemic Infiltration
MS = A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.
AN = IM; coord with organ /pathol (IM) (not the precoord organ/neopl term) + the specific type of leukemia /pathol (IM), as "leukemic infiltration of the skin in lymphocytic leukemia" = LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION (IM) + SKIN /pathol (IM) (not SKIN NEOPLASMS) + LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC /pathol (IM); Manual 24.4.1.2
UI = D017254
Leukemoid Reaction
MS = A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = extreme leukocytosis resembling leukemia
UI = D007955
Leukocidins
MS = Substances that are toxic to leukocytes. Specifically exotoxins produced by some pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci that destroy leukocytes by lysis of the cytoplasmic granules and are partially responsible for the pathogenicity of the organisms. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS
UI = D007956
Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test
MS = Test for cell-mediated antitumor immunity and related serum blocking factors based on the finding that leukocytes from cancer patients, but not from controls, when mixed in vitro with antigenic extracts of tumors of the same histological type, undergo a diminution in their normal adherence to glass surfaces. Sera from tumor-bearing patients block the LAI reaction of their own leukocytes or those of other patients with the same type of tumor.
AN = NIM; DF: LAI TEST
UI = D007957
Leukocyte Count
MS = A count of the number of white blood cells per unit volume in venous blood. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.
AN = NIM; coord NIM with specific leukocyte (IM) but LYMPHOCYTE COUNT is also available; coord with disease /blood, not /physiopathol
UI = D007958
Leukocyte Disorders
MS = Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: LEUKOCYTE DIS
UI = D007960
Leukocyte Elastase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin. It cleaves preferentially bonds at the carboxyl side of Ala and Val, with greater specificity for Ala. EC 3.4.21.37.
UI = D019272
Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
MS = A member of the S-100 protein family that is present at high levels in the blood and interstitial fluid in several infectious, inflammatory, and malignant disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cystic fibrosis. It is a complex of a light chain (CALGRANULIN A) and a heavy chain (CALGRANULIN B). L1 binds calcium through an EF-hand motif, and has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity.
UI = D039841
Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory Factors
MS = Protein factor(s) released by sensitized lymphocytes (and possibly other cells) that inhibit the movement of leukocytes, especially polymorphonuclear cells, away from their site of release. Assays for these factors are used as tests for cellular immunity. Two of the common assays are the leukocyte migration capillary tube technique (LMCT) and the leukocyte migration agarose technique (LMAT).
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; do not use /analogs; also called LIF; DF: LMIF
UI = D007961
Leukocyte Rolling
MS = Movement of tethered, spherical LEUKOCYTES along the endothelial surface of the microvasculature. The tethering and rolling involves interaction with SELECTINS and other adhesion molecules in both the ENDOTHELIUM and leukocyte.The rolling leukocyte then becomes activated by CHEMOKINES, flattens out, and firmly adheres to the endothelial surface in preparation for transmigration through the interendothelial cell junction. (From Abbas, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 3rd ed)
UI = D036904
Leukocyte Transfusion
MS = The transfer of leukocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific leukocyte (NIM) but LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFUSION is available; for transfusion back to donor, coord IM with BLOOD TRANSFUSION, AUTOLOGOUS (NIM)
UI = D017708
Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome
MS = Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection.
AN = an immunol defic syndrome; DF: LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFIC SYNDROME
UI = D018370
Leukocytes
MS = White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).
AN = decrease in no. of leukocytes or leukocytopenia = LEUKOPENIA; increase in no. of leukocytes = LEUKOCYTOSIS; leukocyte migration test: index under LEUKOCYTES /immunol (IM) + CELL MIGRATION INHIBITION (IM)
UI = D007962
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
MS = Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.
AN = do not confuse with MONOCYTES; Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) unspecified goes here; prefer specific indentions
UI = D007963
Leukocytosis
MS = A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.
AN = coord with type of white cell and body fluid, using available subheadings when appropriate
UI = D007964
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell
MS = An autosomal recessive inherited sphingolipidosis caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to an accumulation of PSYCHOSINE in LYSOSOMES of the BRAIN; PERIPHERAL NERVES; LIVER; KIDNEY; and LEUKOCYTES. In the nervous sytem there is prominent central and peripheral demyelination. The infantile form presents at age 4-6 months with psychomotor retardation, MUSCLE SPASTICITY, and tonic spasms induced by minor stimuli. Death occurs within two years. Later onset forms of this disease are characterized by a less fulminant course. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp195-7)
UI = D007965
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic
MS = An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to an accumulation of cerebroside sulfate in the nervous system and other organs. Pathologic features include diffuse demyelination and metachromatically-staining granules within glial cells, macrophages, and free in tissue. Clinical subtypes include late infantile, juvenile, and adult forms. The late infantile form presents at 12-18 months of age with progressive psychomotor retardation, ATAXIA, spasticity, and OPTIC ATROPHY. The juvenile form has onset at 4-12 years and features behavioral alterations and ataxia followed by spasticity, DEMENTIA, and visual loss. The adult form presents in the second decade or later with psychiatric manifestations, gait difficulties, and less often as a peripheral neuropathy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp192-5)
UI = D007966
Leukoedema, Oral
MS = A disorder of the buccal mucosa resembling early leukoplakia, characterized by the presence of filmy opalescence of the mucosa in the early stages to a whitish gray cast with a coarsely wrinkled surface in the later stages, associated with intracellular edema of the spinous or malpighian layer. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = disord of buccal mucosa
UI = D007967
Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic
MS = A fulminant and often fatal demyelinating disease of the brain which primarily affects young adults and children. Clinical features include the rapid onset of weakness, SEIZURES, and COMA. It may follow a viral illness or MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE infections but in most instances there is no precipitating event. Pathologic examination reveals marked perivascular demyelination and necrosis of white matter with microhemorrhages. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp924-5)
AN = DF: LEUKOENCEPH ACUTE HEMOR
UI = D004684
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
MS = An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)
AN = DF: LEUKOENCEPH PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL
UI = D007968
Leukomalacia, Periventricular
MS = Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and COGNITIVE DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)
AN = periventricular refers to the cerebral ventricles
UI = D007969
Leukopenia
AN = decrease in no. of leukocytes
UI = D007970
Leukoplakia
MS = A white patch on a mucous membrane that will not rub off. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a precancerous condition; coord IM with organ /neoplasms term (IM)
UI = D007971
Leukoplakia, Hairy
MS = Epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa associated with Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.
AN = a form of oral leukoplakia seen in HIV infect; do not confuse with TONGUE, HAIRY
UI = D017733
Leukoplakia, Oral
MS = A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).
AN = neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D007972
Leukopoiesis
MS = The process of generating white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS of the BONE MARROW. There are two significant pathways to generate various types of leukocytes. Leukocytes in the blood derive from myeloid stem cells (MYELOPOIESIS). Leukocytes in the lymphatic system derive from lymphoid stem cells (LYMPHOPOIESIS).
UI = D019891
Leukorrhea
MS = A whitish, viscid discharge from the vagina and uterine cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = white vaginal discharge
UI = D007973
Leukosis Virus, Avian
MS = The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl.
AN = infection = AVIAN LEUKOSIS but see note there
UI = D001354
Leukostasis
MS = Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.
AN = note category: abnorm intravasc leukocyte aggreg
UI = D018921
Leukotriene A4
MS = (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D017572
Leukotriene Antagonists
MS = A class of drugs designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.
UI = D020024
Leukotriene B4
MS = The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
UI = D007975
Leukotriene C4
MS = The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some vascular smooth muscle. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
UI = D017997
Leukotriene D4
MS = One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
UI = D017998
Leukotriene E4
MS = A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
UI = D017999
Leukotrienes
MS = A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.
AN = eicosanoids; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D015289
Leupeptins
MS = A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.
AN = protease inhib
UI = D007976
Leuprolide
MS = A potent and long acting analog of naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GONADORELIN). Its action is similar to gonadorelin, which regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins.
UI = D016729
Levallorphan
MS = An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)
UI = D007977
Levamisole
MS = An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)
UI = D007978
Levisticum
MS = A plant genus of the family APIACEAE.
AN = note X ref ALPINE LOVAGE: LOVAGE see LIGUSTICUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D030003
Leviviridae
MS = A family of bacteriophages that infects enterobacteria, CAULOBACTER, and PSEUDOMONAS. The genome consists of linear, positive-sense single-stranded RNA.
AN = coord with specific bacterium /virol
UI = D017907
Levivirus
MS = A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.
AN = coord with specific bacterium /virol
UI = D017909
Levobunolol
MS = A nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma.
UI = D002040
Levocardia
MS = Location of heart in left hemithorax with apex pointing to the left, but with situs inversus of other viscera and defects of the heart, or corrected transposition of great vessels.
AN = heart in left hemithorax; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D007979
Levodopa
MS = The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
UI = D007980
Levonorgestrel
MS = A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.
UI = D016912
Levorphanol
MS = A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.
UI = D007981
Levulinic Acids
MS = Keto acids that are derivatives of 4-oxopentanoic acids (levulinic acid).
UI = D007982
Lewis Blood-Group System
MS = A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.
AN = IM; coord with disease /blood, not /immunol nor /genet; TN 230
UI = D007983
Lewy Bodies
MS = Intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic, round to elongated inclusions found in vacuoles of injured or fragmented neurons. The presence of Lewy bodies is the histological marker of the degenerative changes in LEWY BODY DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE but they may be seen in other neurological conditions. They are typically found in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but they are also seen in the basal forebrain, hypothalamic nuclei, and neocortex.
AN = LEWY BODY DISEASE is also available
UI = D016631
Lewy Body Disease
MS = A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)
AN = LEWY BODY PARKINSON DISEASE see PARKINSON DISEASE is also available
UI = D020961
Leydig Cell Tumor
MS = The most common nongerminal tumor of the testis, derived from the Leydig cells. It is rarely malignant. This tumor appears among 1-3% of testicular tumors and although they may be seen in children, the median age of appearance is 60 years. They are sometimes seen in women as ovarian tumors. Clinically, symptoms are usually related to the endocrine abnormalities induced by this tumor. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1597)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS (IM) in male or OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM) if in female
UI = D007984
Leydig Cells
MS = Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.
AN = do not confuse X ref interstitial cells here with interstitial cells of connective tissue ( = CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS)
UI = D007985
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
MS = Rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. A point mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene apparently predisposes family members who inherit it to develop certain cancers.
AN = a multiple neopl syndrome; do not use /blood supply /chem /congen /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D016864
Liability, Legal
MS = Accountability and responsibility to another, enforceable by civil or criminal sanctions.
AN = statement of responsibility: do not confuse with MALPRACTICE, the commission of a harmful act; coord IM with specialty (IM) if relevant or area of responsibility (IM) if relevant
UI = D016365
Liberia
MS = A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and east of COTE D'IVOIRE. Its capital is Monrovia, named for the U.S. President James Monroe. Liberia was projected as a settlement of freed American slaves by the American Colonization Society in 1817 and hence named from the Latin liber, free. In 1847 it was established as the Free and Independent Republic of Liberia. Liberia is the only black African state never to have been subjected to colonial rule. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p668 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p307)
AN = a republic in western Africa
UI = D007988
Libido
MS = The psychic drive or energy associated with sexual instinct in the broad sense (pleasure and love-object seeking). It may also connote the psychic energy associated with instincts in general that motivate behavior.
UI = D007989
Libocedrus
MS = A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE. The common name of 'Cedar' makes this easily confused with other trees using that name including cedrus, JUNIPERUS; and CHAMAECYPARIS.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029782
Librarians
MS = Specialists in the management of a library or the services rendered by a library, bringing professional skills to administration, organization of material and personnel, interpretation of bibliothecal rules, the development and maintenance of the library's collection, and the provision of information services.
AN = IM; coord with area of specialism of the librarian (IM)
UI = D016245
Libraries
MS = Collections of organized information for study and reference.
AN = IM; specify geog or other site
UI = D007990
Libraries, Dental
AN = IM; specify geog or other site; DF: LIBRARIES DENT
UI = D007991
Libraries, Hospital
MS = Information centers primarily serving the needs of hospital medical staff and sometimes also providing patient education and other services.
AN = IM; specify geog or other site; DF: LIBRARIES HOSP
UI = D007992
Libraries, Medical
AN = private & public libraries; includes private collections of books; IM; specify geog or other site; DF: LIBRARIES MED
UI = D007993
Libraries, Nursing
AN = IM; specify geog or other site; DF: LIBRARIES NURS
UI = D007994
Library Administration
MS = Planning, organizing, staffing, direction, and control of libraries.
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D007995
Library Associations
AN = med libr assoc: do not coord with MEDICINE; DF: LIBRARY ASSOC
UI = D007996
Library Automation
MS = The use of automatic machines or processing devices in libraries. The automation may be applied to library administrative activities, office procedures, and delivery of library services to users.
UI = D016242
Library Collection Development
MS = Development of a library collection, including the determination and coordination of selection policy, assessment of needs of users and potential users, collection use studies, collection evaluation, identification of collection needs, selection of materials, planning for resource sharing, collection maintenance and weeding, and budgeting.
AN = DF: COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT
UI = D016243
Library Materials
MS = Print and non-print materials collected, processed, and stored by libraries. They comprise books, periodicals, pamphlets, reports, microforms, maps, manuscripts, motion pictures, and all other forms of audiovisual records. (Harrod, The Librarians' Glossary, 4th ed, p497)
AN = print & non-print materials in libraries: not restricted to books
UI = D018966
Library Schools
MS = Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of library science or information.
AN = specify geog if pertinent
UI = D007997
Library Science
MS = Study of the principles and practices of library administration and services.
AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif; med librarianship: do not coord with MEDICINE
UI = D007998
Library Services
MS = Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation.
AN = IM; DF: LIBRARY SERV
UI = D007999
Library Surveys
MS = Collection and analysis of data pertaining to operations of a particular library, library system, or group of independent libraries, with recommendations for improvement and/or ordered plans for further development.
AN = IM
UI = D008000
Library Technical Services
MS = Acquisition, organization, and preparation of library materials for use, including selection, weeding, cataloging, classification, and preservation.
AN = IM; DF: LIBRARY TECHNICAL SERV
UI = D008001
Libya
MS = A country in northern Africa. Its capital is Tripoli. The general geographical area has been known since ancient times to the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. Although the name is ancient and appeared in Egyptian hieroglyphics as early as 2000 B.C., the meaning is not known. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p668)
UI = D008002
Lice
MS = A general name for small, wingless, parasitic insects, previously of the order Phthiraptera. Though exact taxonomy is still controversial, they can be grouped in the orders ANOPLURA (sucking lice), MALLOPHAGA (biting lice), and Rhynchophthirina (elephant-lice).
AN = do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111
UI = D008003
Lice Infestations
MS = Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)
AN = coord IM with specific louse (IM); head lice: coord IM with SCALP DERMATOSES (IM) and PEDICULUS (IM)
UI = D010373
Licensure
MS = The legal authority or formal permission from authorities to carry on certain activities which by law or regulation require such permission. It may be applied to licensure of institutions as well as individuals.
AN = by the state; differentiate from ACCREDITATION (by the profession); IM; various boards can go here; specify geog
UI = D008004
Licensure, Dental
MS = The granting of a license to practice dentistry.
AN = by the state; differentiate from ACCREDITATION (by the profession); IM; various boards can go here; specify geog; DF: LICENSURE DENT
UI = D008005
Licensure, Hospital
MS = The granting of a license to a hospital.
AN = by the state; differentiate from ACCREDITATION (by the profession); IM; specify geog
UI = D008006
Licensure, Medical
MS = The granting of a license to practice medicine.
AN = by the state; differentiate from ACCREDITATION (by the profession); IM; various boards can go here; specify geog; DF: LICENSURE MED
UI = D008007
Licensure, Nursing
MS = The granting of a license to practice the profession of nursing.
AN = by the state; differentiate from ACCREDITATION (by the profession); IM; various boards can go here; specify geog; DF: LICENSURE NURS
UI = D008008
Licensure, Pharmacy
MS = The granting of a license to practice pharmacy.
AN = by the state; differentiate from ACCREDITATION (by the profession); IM; various boards can go here; specify geog; DF: LICENSURE PHARM
UI = D008009
Lichen Nitidus
MS = A chronic inflammatory disease characterized by shiny, flat-topped, usually flesh-colored micropapules no larger than the head of a pin. Lesions are localized in the early stages, found chiefly on the lower abdomen, penis, and inner surface of the thighs. Distribution may become generalized as the disease progresses.
AN = a skin dis, not a plant
UI = D017513
Lichen Planus
MS = An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a "saw-tooth" pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.
AN = a skin dis; sometimes called simply "lichen": check text & its bibliog; lichen planus atrophicus: index here & do not confuse with LICHEN SCLEROSUS ET ATROPHICUS
UI = D008010
Lichen Planus, Oral
MS = Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)
AN = alone or with cutaneous lichen planus
UI = D017676
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
MS = A chronic, atrophic skin disease characterized by white, angular, flat, well-defined, indurated papules with an erythematous halo and follicular, black, keratotic plugs. It is the most common cause of kraurosis vulvae in females and balanitis xerotica obliterans in males. It is called also white spot disease and Csillag's disease. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a skin dis; do not confuse with lichen planus atrophicus (index under LICHEN PLANUS); DF: note short X ref
UI = D018459
Lichenoid Eruptions
MS = Conditions in which there is histological damage to the lower epidermis along with a grouped chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis disturbing the interface between the epidermis and dermis. LICHEN PLANUS is the prototype of all lichenoid eruptions. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p398)
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics
UI = D017512
Lichens
MS = Any of a group of plants formed by a mutual combination of an alga and a fungus.
AN = plant, not skin disease
UI = D008011
Lidocaine
MS = A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine.
UI = D008012
Lidoflazine
MS = Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.
UI = D008013
Lie Detection
MS = Ascertaining of deception through detection of emotional disturbance as manifested by changes in physiologic processes usually using a polygraph.
UI = D008014
Liechtenstein
UI = D008015
Life
MS = The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
UI = D019369
Life Change Events
MS = Those occurrences, including social, psychological, and environmental, which require an adjustment or effect a change in an individual's pattern of living.
AN = human only: do not confuse with life cycles & life stages of animals & lower organisms; no qualif; FAMILY LIFE CYCLES see FAMILY is also available for "transitional stages through which the family evolves...e.g., marriage, childbearing & death"
UI = D008016
Life Cycle Stages
MS = The continuous sequence of changes undergone by metamorphosing insects and other animals during the post-embryonic development process.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; coord IM with name of organism with /growth (IM)
UI = D008018
Life Expectancy
MS = A figure representing the number of years, based on known statistics, to which any person of a given age may reasonably expect to live.
AN = IM for human, NIM for animal; consider also LONGEVITY
UI = D008017
Life Style
MS = Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychogical Index Terms, 8th ed)
UI = D008019
Life Support Care
MS = Care provided patients requiring extraordinary therapeutic measures in order to sustain and prolong life.
AN = extraordinary measures in patient care: do not confuse with LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS which is non-med
UI = D008020
Life Support Systems
MS = Systems that provide all or most of the items necessary for maintaining life and health. Provisions are made for the supplying of oxygen, food, water, temperature and pressure control, disposition of carbon dioxide and body waste. The milieu may be a spacecraft, a submarine, or the surface of the moon. In medical care, usually under hospital conditions, LIFE SUPPORT CARE is available. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary)
AN = do not confuse with LIFE SUPPORT CARE: read MeSH definition
UI = D008021
Life Tables
MS = Summarizing techniques used to describe the pattern of mortality and survival in populations. These methods can be applied to the study not only of death, but also of any defined endpoint such as the onset of disease or the occurrence of disease complications.
AN = IM; no qualif
UI = D015993
Lifting
MS = Moving or bringing something from a lower level to a higher one. The concept encompasses biomechanic stresses resulting from work done in transferring objects from one plane to another as well as the effects of varying techniques of patient handling and transfer.
AN = by machines or humans
UI = D017770
Ligaments
MS = Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.
AN = IM; coord with site (IM); joint ligaments = LIGAMENTS, ARTICULAR
UI = D008022
Ligaments, Articular
AN = IM; coord with specific joint (IM)
UI = D008023
Ligamentum Flavum
MS = The paired bands of yellow elastic tissue that connect adjoining laminae of the vertebrae. With the laminae, it forms the posterior wall of the spinal canal and helps hold the body erect.
UI = D017843
Ligands
MS = A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = IM for general only; usually NIM with specific cpd IM; no qualif
UI = D008024
Ligase Chain Reaction
MS = A DNA amplification technique based upon the ligation of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES. The probes are designed to exactly match two adjacent sequences of a specific target DNA. The chain reaction is repeated in three steps in the presence of excess probe: (1) heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA, (2) annealing of probes to target DNA, and (3) joining of the probes by thermostable DNA ligase. After the reaction is repeated for 20-30 cycles the production of ligated probe is measured.
UI = D022521
Ligases
MS = A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.
UI = D008025
Ligation
MS = Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.
AN = never IM; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D008026
Light
MS = That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the human eye is sensitive. Light is about 400 to 800 nanometers in wavelength, i.e., between the ultraviolet and infrared spectra.
AN = non-ionizing; differentiate from LIGHTING (the environment); /ther use = PHOTOTHERAPY (coord disease with /ther, not /radiother) but consider also PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY & ULTRAVIOLET THERAPY; as radiation: TN 158; light scattering = SCATTERING, RADIATION (IM) + LIGHT (NIM); photoperiod = PHOTOPERIOD; LIGHT + PERIODICITY is not necessarily CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; luminance goes here or under LIGHTING but not under LUMINESCENCE; black light: index under INFRARED RAYS or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS depending on text but unspecified, index under ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
UI = D008027
Light Coagulation
MS = The coagulation of tissue by an intense beam of light, including laser (LASER COAGULATION). In the eye it is used in the treatment of retinal detachments, retinal holes, aneurysms, hemorrhages, and malignant and benign neoplasms. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
AN = non-ionizing; used predominantly in eye surg; do not confuse with LASER COAGULATION also used in ophthalmol surg; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with Cat A or C term with /surg; DF: LIGHT COAG
UI = D008028
Lighting
MS = The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.
AN = the environment: differentiate from LIGHT, a principle of physics; /adv eff permitted but do not confuse with LIGHT /adv eff
UI = D008029
Lightning
AN = no qualif; /adv eff = probably LIGHTNING INJURIES
UI = D008030
Lightning Injuries
MS = Accidental injuries caused by brief high-voltage electrical discharges during thunderstorms. Cardiopulmonary arrest, coma and other neurologic symptoms, myocardial necrosis, and dermal burns are common. Prompt treatment of the acute sequelae, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is indicated for survival.
AN = DF: LIGHTNING INJ
UI = D015168
Lignans
MS = A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
AN = do not confuse with LIGNIN, also found in plants
UI = D017705
Lignin
MS = The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
AN = do not confuse with LIGNANS; D25-26 qualif
UI = D008031
Ligusticum
MS = A plant genus of the family APIACEAE.
AN = note X ref ALPINE LOVAGE: LOVAGE see LEVISTICUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D030004
Ligustrum
MS = A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Oleuropein, a phenolic secoiridoid glycoside, is found in the leaves.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031659
Likelihood Functions
MS = Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject /statist (IM); no qualif
UI = D016013
Liliaceae
MS = A monocot family within the order Liliales. This family is divided by some botanists into subfamilies such as Convallariaceae and Hyacinthaceae. Members include many common garden plants such as the lily, ONION; ALOE; and COLCHICUM.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D019668
Lilium
MS = A plant genus in the family LILIACEAE generally growing in temperate areas. The word lily is also used in the common names of many plants of other genera that resemble true lilies. True lilies are erect perennial plants with leafy stems, scaly bulbs, usually narrow leaves, and solitary or clustered flowers.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027762
Limb Bud
MS = A swelling on the trunk of the vertebrate embryo that becomes a limb. Limb bud cultures are used in developmental, organogenesis, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation studies. The limb bud of the chick embryo is most commonly used but mouse and rat limb buds are also used.
AN = usually NIM; no qualif when NIM; do not specify limb unless pertinent & then probably NIM with /embryol; specify animal (NIM)
UI = D018878
Limb Deformities, Congenital
MS = Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer ARM or its parts /abnorm or its specifics & LEG or its parts /abnorm or its specifics; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: LIMB DEFORMITIES CONGEN
UI = D017880
Limb Salvage
MS = An alternative to amputation in patients with neoplasms, ischemia, fractures, and other limb-threating conditions. Generally, sophisticated surgical procedures such as vascular surgery and reconstruction are used to salvage diseased limbs.
UI = D023821
Limbic Encephalitis
MS = A paraneoplastic syndrome marked by degeneration of neurons in the medial temporal lobe. Clinical features include behavioral changes, HALLUCINATIONS, loss of short term memory, anosmia, AGEUSIA, and DEMENTIA. Circulating anti-neuronal antibodies (anti-Hu; also called ANNA 1) and small cell lung carcinomas are frequently associated with this condition. (From Pathologe 1997 Sep;18(5):406-10; J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1996 Sep;2(5):460-6; Brain 1997 Jun;120(Pt 6):923-8)
AN = DF: LIMBIC ENCEPH
UI = D020363
Limbic System
MS = A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. It is implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses including fundamental survival behaviors (feeding, mating, emotion). For most authors, it includes the AMYGDALA, EPITHALAMUS, GYRUS CINGULI, hippocampal formation (see HIPPOCAMPUS), HYPOTHALAMUS, PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS, SEPTAL NUCLEI, anterior nuclear group of thalamus, and portions of the basal ganglia. (Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p744; NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc.washington.edu/neuronames/index.html (September 2, 1998)).
UI = D008032
Limbus Corneae
MS = An annular transitional zone, approximately 1 mm wide, between the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. It is highly vascular and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea. It is ophthalmologically significant in that it appears on the outer surface of the eyeball as a slight furrow, marking the line between the clear cornea and the sclera. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
AN = a slight furrow between cornea & sclera: do not index under SCLERA unless sclera is particularly discussed; /transpl is unlikely: article will likely be on CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION with anat or physiol ref to LIMBUS CORNEAE with pertinent qualif
UI = D016850
Limonins
MS = A group of degraded TRITERPENES in which the four terminal carbons of the C17 side chain have been removed, and the remaining portion often forming C17 FURANS.
UI = D036701
Limulus Test
MS = Sensitive method for detection of bacterial endotoxins and endotoxin-like substances that depends on the in vitro gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), prepared from the circulating blood (amebocytes) of the horseshoe crab, by the endotoxin or related compound. Used for detection of endotoxin in body fluids and parenteral pharmaceuticals.
AN = for detection of bact endotoxins using horseshoe crab blood
UI = D008033
Linaceae
MS = A plant family in the order Linales. These plants have simple leaves and regular flowers housing a compound ovary. Stamens are usually fused by their filaments.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D019658
Linaria
MS = A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain linarin (also called acaciin).
AN = X ref TOADFLAX: TOADFLAX, BASTARD see SANTALACEAE is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032221
Lincomycin
MS = An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.
UI = D008034
Lindane
MS = An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer.
AN = do not confuse X ref BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE with HEXACHLOROBENZENE; TN 111 for eff on insects
UI = D001556
Lindera
MS = A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. Lindera benzoin is a source of a balsamic resin called benzoin which is up to 1/3 BENZOIC ACID. This should not be confused with the chemical BENZOIN or the plant STYRAX BENZOIDES.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027443
Linear Energy Transfer
MS = Rate of energy dissipation along the path of charged particles. In radiobiology and health physics, exposure is measured in kiloelectron volts per micrometer of tissue (keV/micrometer T).
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D018499
Linear Models
MS = Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject /statist (IM); no qualif
UI = D016014
Lingual Frenum
UI = D008035
Lingual Nerve
MS = A sensory branch of the MANDIBULAR NERVE, which is part of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The lingual nerve carries general afferent fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the mandibular gingivae.
AN = a branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve; dis: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with CRANIAL NERVE NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D008036
Linguistics
MS = The science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
AN = = science of LANGUAGE & SPEECH; do not confuse with LANGUAGE (what is spoken), SEMANTICS (hist or psychol study of language & meaning changes), NOMENCLATURE (names of things & etymology, the origin or words), PHONETICS (how words are sounded), LITERATURE (literary works), PHILOLOGY (study of literature or language as used in literature) or VOCABULARY (a person's stock of words); grammar, syntax, accent go here; SPEC: SPEC qualif
UI = D008037
Liniments
MS = Heat-generating liquids that are thinner than ointments and are applied to the skin with friction. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
AN = IM for general only, qualif permitted; NIM (no qualif) with specific drug IM (with qualif); /adv eff permitted but be careful: it may be the adv eff of the drug in liniment form, not the liniment
UI = D008038
Linitis Plastica
MS = A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a "leather bottle" shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
AN = neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with STOMACH NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D008039
Linkage (Genetics)
MS = The association in inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.
AN = DF: LINKAGE
UI = D008040
Linkage Disequilibrium
MS = Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.
UI = D015810
Linoleic Acid
MS = A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
AN = LINOLEIC ACIDS also available
UI = D019787
Linoleic Acids
MS = Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.
AN = do not confuse with LINOLENIC ACIDS
UI = D008041
Linolenic Acids
MS = Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain three double bonds.
AN = do not confuse with LINOLEIC ACIDS
UI = D008042
Linseed Oil
MS = The fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of linseed, Linum usitatissimum (L. Linaceae). It is used as an emollient in liniments, pastes, and medicinal soaps, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. It is also called flaxseed oil. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D008043
Linuron
MS = A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
UI = D008044
Lions
MS = Large chiefly nocturnal mammals of the cat family Felidae, species Panthera leo. They are found in Africa and southern Asia.
AN = IM; qualif permitted
UI = D008045
Lip
MS = Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth.
AN = inflammation = CHEILITIS
UI = D008046
Lip Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = CHEILITIS
UI = D008047
Lip Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the LIP.
AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D008048
Lipase
MS = An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.
AN = /defic: consider also LIPID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS & CHOLESTEROL ESTER STORAGE DISEASE & WOLMAN DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE is also available
UI = D008049
Lipectomy
MS = Removal of localized subcutaneous fat deposits by suction curettage or blunt cannulization in the cosmetic correction of obesity and other esthetic contour defects.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D015187
Lipid A
MS = Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.
UI = D008050
Lipid Bilayers
MS = Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
AN = coord IM with specific lipid (IM or NIM)
UI = D008051
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; coord IM with specific lipid /metab (IM); DF: LIPID METAB INBORN ERR
UI = D008052
Lipid Mobilization
MS = The breakdown of stored triglyceride in adipose tissue with the release of free fatty acids and glycerol. Depot fat hydrolysis is catalyzed by a lipase in response to pituitary lipid mobilization factors (LMF), various hormones, serotonin, or hepatotoxins such as carbon tetrachloride.
UI = D008053
Lipid Peroxidation
MS = Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
UI = D015227
Lipid Peroxides
MS = Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.
UI = D008054
Lipids
MS = A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics; differentiate from FATS ("outside the body"); /blood: consider also HYPERLIPIDEMIA & specifics; dyslipidemia, especially in foreign lit, is probably HYPERLIPIDEMIA or its specifics; DIETARY FATS is also available
UI = D008055
Lipids and Antilipemic Agents
MS = A collective grouping for lipids and substances that maintain normal blood lipid levels.
AN = not used for indexing; LIPIDS & ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS are available CATALOG: do not use
UI = D008056
Lipoamide Dehydrogenase
MS = A flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of lipoamide by NADH to yield dihydrolipoamide and NAD+. The enzyme is a component of the multienzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. EC 1.8.1.4.
UI = D008058
Lipodystrophy
MS = A collection of rare conditions resulting from defective fat metabolism and characterized by atrophy of the subcutaneous fat. They include total, congenital or acquired, partial, abdominal infantile, and localized lipodystrophy.
AN = atrophy of subcutaneous fat
UI = D008060
Lipofuscin
MS = A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to ceroid. It accumulates in various normal tissues and apparently increases in quantity with age.
AN = a lipid pigment
UI = D008062
Lipoidosis
MS = A disturbance of lipid metabolism with abnormal deposit of lipids in the cells. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = an inborn error of lipid metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D008064
Lipoidproteinosis
MS = A familial disease occurring in the course of latent diabetes, marked by yellowish nodules on the skin and mucosae, keratotic lesions on the extremities, and hoarseness due to faulty lipid metabolism. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a lipoidosis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D008065
Lipolysis
MS = The hydrolysis of lipids.
AN = metabolic only: not for "suction lipolysis" of adipose tissue ( = LIPOLYSIS, SUCTION see LIPECTOMY)
UI = D008066
Lipoma
MS = A benign tumor composed of fat cells.
AN = solitary; multiple = LIPOMATOSIS; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D008067
Lipomatosis
MS = A disorder consisting of the accumulation of abnormal localized, or tumor-like fat in the tissues.
AN = solitary is probably LIPOMA which is neoplastic; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM) if relevant; LIPOMATOSIS, MULTIPLE SYMMETRICAL is also available
UI = D008068
Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical
MS = Multiple circumscribed or encapsulated lipomas which may be distributed symmetrically or haphazardly or which may form a collar around the neck.
AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct
UI = D008069
Lipopolysaccharides
MS = Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = largely bacterial so do not coord with POLYSACCHARIDES, BACTERIAL for bacterial lipopolysaccharides; coord IM with specific bacterium (IM); DF: LPS
UI = D008070
Lipoprotein Lipase
MS = An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.
AN = /defic: consider also LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE DEFICIENCY, FAMILIAL
UI = D008071
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency, Familial
MS = A rare familial condition characterized by massive chylomicronemia and decreased levels of other lipoproteins. It is due to deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, an alkaline triglyceride hydrolase which catalyzes an important step in the extrahepatic removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the blood.
AN = do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D008072
Lipoprotein(a)
MS = A family of lipoprotein particles varying in density and size depending on the protein-lipid ratio and the protein composition. These particles consist of apolipoprotein B-100 covalently linked to apolipoprotein-a by one or two disulfide bonds. There is a correlation between high plasma levels of this lipoprotein and increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D017270
Lipoprotein-X
MS = An abnormal lipoprotein which is present in large amounts in individuals suffering from obstructive liver diseases. It exists as a bilayer vesicle of equimolar phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol containing small amounts of plasma proteins (mainly albumin) in its internal aqueous compartment together with some apolipoproteins adsorbed on its surface. Separates with LDL by ultracentrifugation.
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D008073
Lipoproteins
MS = Any of the lipid-protein complexes in which lipids are transported in the blood. Lipoprotein particles consist of a spherical hydrophobic core of triglycerides or cholesteryl esters surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /blood: consider also HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA; /defic: consider also HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA & specifics
UI = D008074
Lipoproteins, HDL
MS = A class of lipoproteins frequently divided into HDL2 and HDL3 and the minor variant HDL1. HDL promote transport of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue to the liver for excretion in the bile. Synthesized by the liver as discoid "nascent HDL" particles lacking a lipid core, they accumulate a core of cholesterol esters during reverse cholesterol transport and transfer them to the liver directly or indirectly via other lipoproteins. HDL also shuttle apolipoproteins C-II and E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during catabolism of the lipoproteins. Serum HDL cholesterol has been negatively correlated with premature coronary heart disease. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = hyperalphalipoproteinemia = LIPOPROTEINS, HDL /blood (IM) + HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA (IM); hypoalphalipoproteinemia = LIPOPROTEINS, HDL /blood (IM) + HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA (IM); familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia = TANGIER DISEASE; /defic: consider also HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA
UI = D008075
Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol
MS = Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL). High density lipoproteins transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver thereby acting as a scavenger to prevent excess accumulation and deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels.
UI = D008076
Lipoproteins, LDL
MS = A class of lipoproteins responsible for transport of cholesterol to extrahepatic tissues. They are formed in the circulation when very-low-density lipoproteins are degraded first to intermediate-density lipoproteins and then to LDL by the gain and loss of specific apolipoproteins and the loss of most of their triglycerides. LDL are taken up and catabolized by both the liver and extrahepatic tissues by specific receptor-mediated endocytosis. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = /defic: consider also HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA
UI = D008077
Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol
MS = Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL); LDL transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues and regulate de novo cholesterol synthesis at these sites. Atherosclerosis is caused by the deposit of cholesterol on the walls of blood vessels, because of high concentrations of LDL cholesterol in plasma.
UI = D008078
Lipoproteins, VLDL
MS = A class of lipoproteins that transport triglycerides from the intestine and liver to adipose and muscle tissues. Synthesized by the liver, they contain primarily triglycerides in their lipid cores, with some cholesterol esters. As their triglycerides are cleaved by endothelial lipoprotein lipase and transferred to hepatic tissues, the VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) particles lose most of their apolipoprotein C and become intermediate-density lipoproteins. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = hypoprebetalipoproteinemia = LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL /blood (IM) + HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIAS (IM); /defic: consider also HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIAS
UI = D008079
Lipoproteins, VLDL Cholesterol
MS = Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High concentrations of VLDL cholesterol are found in Type IIB and Type V hyperlipoproteinemia. The end product of VLDL cholesterol catabolism is LDL (low density lipoproteins).
UI = D015243
Liposarcoma
MS = A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D008080
Liposarcoma, Myxoid
MS = A liposarcoma containing myxomatous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D018208
Liposomes
MS = Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.
AN = when used as a vehicle in drug ther, index specific drug /admin (IM) + LIPOSOMES (NIM without qualif)
UI = D008081
Lipothrixviridae
MS = Family of enveloped, lipid-containing filamentous DNA viruses that infect ARCHAEA.
AN = coord with specific Archaea /virol
UI = D023643
Lipotropic Agents
MS = Endogenous factors or drugs that act on fat metabolism by hastening the removal of or decreasing the deposit of fat in the liver. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p951)
UI = D008082
Lipotropin
MS = Lipotropic or pituitary lipotropic hormone. A pituitary hormone mobilizing fat from adipose tissue. Beta-lipotropin is a single-chain peptide of about 90 residues that contains the sequences of endorphins and metenkephalin, and may be a precursor of beta-melanotropin and beta-endorphin. Gamma-lipotropin is shorter and is identical in sequence to the first 58 residues of beta-lipotropin. Both contain sequences common to ACTH and beta-melanotropin. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D008083
Lipoxygenase
MS = An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes reactions between linoleate and other fatty acids and oxygen to form hydroperoxy-fatty acid derivatives. Related enzymes in this class include the ARACHIDONATE LIPOXYGENASES; ARACHIDONATE 5-LIPOXYGENASE; ARACHIDONATE 12-LIPOXYGENASE; and ARACHIDONATE 15-LIPOXYGENASE. EC 1.13.11.12.
AN = coord with ISOENZYMES if discussed
UI = D008084
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
MS = Compounds or agents that combine with lipoxygenase and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the eicosanoid products hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes.
AN = GEN or unspecified: not for inhibitors of specific lipoxygenases, as arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors ( = ARACHIDONATE 5-LIPOXYGENASE /antag); DF: LIPOXYGENASE INHIB
UI = D016859
Lippia
MS = A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Lippsidoquinone, TRITERPENES, SESQUITERPENES, THYMOL have been found in this genus. Plant extracts have cytotoxic activity. It is sometimes called Mexican oregano but that confuses it with real oregano (ORIGANUM).
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032411
Lipreading
MS = The process by which an observer comprehends speech by watching the movements of the speaker's lips without hearing the speaker's voice.
AN = no qualif
UI = D008085
Liquid Ventilation
MS = Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.
AN = /instrum: consider also VENTILATORS, MECHANICAL
UI = D021061
Liquidambar
MS = A plant genus of the family HAMAMELIDACEAE. The sap is a source of storax, which should not be confused with the similar named STYRAX genus.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031317
Liriodendron
MS = A plant genus of the family MAGNOLIACEAE. Members include hardwood trees of eastern North America with distinct large tuliplike flowers.
AN = X ref YELLOW POPLAR: POPLAR, TRUE see POPULUS is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031567
Liriope Plant
MS = A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain ruscogenin. Do not confuse with the Liriope jellyfish (CNIDARIA).
AN = for the sea organism hydrozoa, LIRIOPE TETRAPHYLLA see CNIDARIA is available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031424
Lisinopril
MS = One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
UI = D017706
Lissamine Green Dyes
MS = Green dyes containing ammonium and aryl sulfonate moieties that facilitate the visualization of tissues, if given intravenously. They have mostly been used in the study of kidney physiology.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D008086
Listeria
MS = A genus of bacteria which may be found in the feces of animals and man, on vegetation, and in silage. Its species are parasitic on cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, including man.
AN = in feces, on plants, in silage
UI = D008087
Listeria Infections
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus LISTERIA.
AN = gram-pos bact infect; Listeria monocytogenes infection = LISTERIA INFECTIONS & do not bother to coord with LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; MENINGITIS, LISTERIA is available
UI = D008088
Listeria monocytogenes
MS = A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.
AN = infection = LISTERIA INFECTIONS & do not bother to coord with L. monocytogenes
UI = D008089
Lisuride
MS = An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN AGONISTS).
UI = D008090
Litchi
MS = A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE that bears sweet fruits. Unusual fatty acids such as cyclopropanoic fatty acids have been identified in the seeds.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032125
Literature
MS = Writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The body of written works produced in a particular language, country, or age. (Webster, 3d ed)
AN = the body of literary works; TN 121: differentiate from BIBLIOGRAPHY; relation to BOOKS: Manual 33.11
UI = D008091
Literature, Medieval
AN = coord IM with POETRY (IM) or DRAMA (IM); DF: LIT MEDIEVAL
UI = D008092
Literature, Modern
AN = starts with 15th cent; coord IM with POETRY (IM) or DRAMA (IM); DF: LIT MODERN
UI = D008093
Lithiasis
MS = A condition characterized by the formation of CALCULI and concretions in the hollow organs or ducts of the body. They occur most often in the gallbladder, kidney, and lower urinary tract.
AN = prefer specifics; coord IM with organ /disease term (IM)
UI = D020347
Lithium
MS = Lithium. An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight 6.94. Salts of lithium are used in treating manic-depressive disorders.
AN = an alkali metal; a tranquilizer in the form of its salts; Li-7; Li-6 = LITHIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Li-5, 8, 9 = LITHIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
UI = D008094
Lithium Carbonate
MS = A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.
UI = D016651
Lithium Chloride
MS = A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.
AN = in exper med as immunomodulator
UI = D018021
Lithium Compounds
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain lithium as an integral part of the molecule.
UI = D018020
Lithocholic Acid
MS = A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
AN = a bile acid; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D008095
Lithospermum
MS = A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE. Members contain lithospermans and lithospermic acid.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029684
Lithotripsy
MS = The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is LITHOTRIPSY, LASER.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; litholysis (dissolving calculi by acid) is disease /ther, not LITHOTRIPSY; DF: ESWL
UI = D008096
Lithotripsy, Laser
MS = Fragmentation of calculi, notably urinary or biliary, by laser. It is usually performed with an endoscopically guided pulsed tunable dye laser, a combination of a pulsed laser and a dye laser usually referred to as a pulsed dye laser. It is both safe and effective when extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is infeasible or unsuccessful.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with disease /ther, not /surg (IM)
UI = D017602
Lithuania
UI = D008097
Litsea
MS = A plant genus of the family LAURACEAE. Members contain laurotetanine and other APORPHINES.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032862
Litter Size
MS = The number of offspring produced at one birth by an animal.
AN = animals only: see also note under TWINS; relation to PREGNANCY: Manual 28.17.4
UI = D008098
Liver
AN = /blood supply: consider also LIVER CIRCULATION; /cytol: consider also KUPFFER CELLS; /surg: consider also HEPATECTOMY & LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; inflammation = HEPATITIS & its specifics; specialty is HEPATOLOGY see GASTROENTEROLOGY; be careful: do not confuse "hepatic" with "intrahepatic": "intrahepatic" may refer to BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC & its dis, not LIVER
UI = D008099
Liver Abscess
MS = Solitary or multiple collections of pus within the liver. It is usually associated with systemic manifestations of toxemia and clinical signs of disease in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It was known in ancient times to Hippocrates and Celsus. (Bockus, Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p3288-9)
AN = for coord read note on ABSCESS; LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC is also available
UI = D008100
Liver Abscess, Amebic
MS = Liver abscess caused by ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.
AN = amebic infect of liver caused by Entamoeba histolytica
UI = D008101
Liver Circulation
MS = The circulation of blood through the vessels of the liver.
AN = consider also LIVER /blood supply & ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION (see note there); DF: LIVER CIRC
UI = D008102
Liver Cirrhosis
MS = Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.
AN = do not index ascites unless specifically pertinent
UI = D008103
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
MS = Liver cirrhosis in alcoholics.
UI = D008104
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
MS = Liver cirrhosis in which there is interference with intrahepatic bile flow. It includes primary biliary cirrhosis, an intrahepatic disturbance of bile secretion affecting predominantly middle-aged women and with segmental destruction and, later, absence of septal bile ducts (cirrhosis is the end stage); and secondary biliary cirrhosis, which is produced by prolonged mechanical obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.
UI = D008105
Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental
AN = DF: LIVER CIRRHOSIS EXPER
UI = D008106
Liver Diseases
AN = GEN: prefer specifics; inflamm dis = HEPATITIS & its specifics; /chem ind permitted but consider also HEPATITIS, TOXIC; specialty is HEPATOLOGY see GASTROENTEROLOGY; be careful: do not confuse "hepatic dis" with "intrahepatic dis": "intrahepatic dis" may refer to BILE DUCT DISEASES with regard to BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC, not LIVER DISEASES
UI = D008107
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
MS = Liver diseases associated with alcoholism. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but may be the general entity when subentities are not specified.
AN = GEN: specifics FATTY LIVER, ALCOHOLIC; HEPATITIS, ALCOHOLIC & LIVER CIRRHOSIS, ALCOHOLIC are available
UI = D008108
Liver Diseases, Parasitic
MS = Infections of the liver with a parasite. They are caused most commonly by trematodes (flukes).
AN = coord IM with specific parasitic dis (IM) but note that also available are ECHINOCOCCOSIS, HEPATIC; FASCIOLIASIS & LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC
UI = D008109
Liver Extracts
MS = Extracts of liver tissue containing uncharacterized specific factors with specific activities; a soluble thermostable fraction of mammalian liver is used in the treatment of pernicious anemia.
AN = extracts of liver or liver fractions containing uncharacterized factors; do not confuse with chemical substances "extracted" from the liver, as "peptides extracted from the mouse liver" ( = PEPTIDES /anal + LIVER /anal)
UI = D008110
Liver Failure
MS = Severe inability of the liver to function normally, as evidenced by severe jaundice and abnormal levels of ammonia, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and reversal of the albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)
AN = if coma is present, index under HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
UI = D017093
Liver Failure, Acute
MS = A form of liver failure with rapid onset. It is often induced by the toxic effect of drugs and various toxic substances in experimental studies in animals and in clinical states in humans. If coma ensues, the constellation of neurological symptoms is referred to as HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY.
AN = if coma is present, index under HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
UI = D017114
Liver Function Tests
AN = NIM
UI = D008111
Liver Glycogen
MS = Glycogen stored in the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)
UI = D008112
Liver Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM), including HEPATOMA (IM); LIVER NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL is available; be careful: do not confuse "hepatic neopl" with "intrahepatic neopl": "intrahepatic neopl" may refer to BILE DUCT NEOPLASMS with regard to BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC, not LIVER NEOPLASMS
UI = D008113
Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
MS = Experimentally induced tumors of the liver.
AN = animal only; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; don't forget check tag ANIMAL; DF: LIVER NEOPL EXPER
UI = D008114
Liver Regeneration
MS = Repair or renewal of hepatic tissue.
AN = IM
UI = D008115
Liver Transplantation
MS = The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed
UI = D016031
Liver, Artificial
MS = Devices for simulating the activities of the liver. They often consist of a hybrid between both biological and artificial materials.
UI = D019164
Living Donors
MS = Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients.
AN = coord IM with precoord organ/transpl heading (IM) or specific organ or tissue /transpl (IM) if precoord transpl heading is not in MeSH
UI = D019520
Living Wills
MS = Written, witnessed declarations in which persons request that if they become disabled beyond reasonable expectation of recovery, they be allowed to die rather than be kept alive by extraordinary means. (Bioethics Thesaurus)
UI = D016224
Lizards
AN = includes IGUANAS, geckos, chameleons, Gila monsters; IM; qualif permitted
UI = D008116
LLC-PK1 Cells
MS = Renal epithelial cell line originally derived from porcine kidneys. It is used for pharmacologic and metabolic studies.
AN = A 11 qualif; LLC stands for Lilly Laboratories Cell & PK for Porcine Kidney; don't forget also SWINE (NIM) & check tag ANIMAL
UI = D018374
Loa
MS = A genus of parasitic nematodes found throughout the rain-forest areas of the Sudan and the basin of the Congo. L. loa inhabits the subcutaneous tissues, which it traverses freely.
AN = infection = LOIASIS; coord with specific helminth term (ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, etc.) if pertinent; /drug eff: consider FILARICIDES
UI = D008117
Lobbying
MS = A process whereby representatives of a particular interest group attempt to influence governmental decision makers to accept the policy desires of the lobbying organization.
AN = no qualif
UI = D008119
Lobelia
MS = A plant genus of the family CAMPANULACEAE used medicinally and is a source of LOBELINE.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029746
Lobeline
MS = An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.
AN = /biosyn permitted if by plant
UI = D008120
Lobosea
MS = A class of ameboid protozoa that forms either filiform subpseudopodia or lobopodia. Characteristics include the absence of sorocarps, sporangia, or similar fruiting bodies.
AN = a class of protozoa
UI = D016840
Local Area Networks
MS = Communications networks connecting various hardware devices together within or between buildings by means of a continuous cable or voice data telephone system.
AN = IM
UI = D008122
Local Government
MS = Smallest political subdivisions within a country at which general governmental functions are carried-out.
AN = specify geog
UI = D009111
Local Lymph Node Assay
MS = The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is an alternative method for the identification of chemicals that have the ability to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. Endpoints have been established so fewer animals are required and less painful procedures are used.
UI = D023441
Location Directories and Signs
MS = Directory signs or listings of designated areas within or without a facility.
UI = D008123
Locomotion
MS = Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.
AN = differentiate LOCOMOTION (getting from one point to another) from GAIT (how a man or major animal gets there), MOVEMENT (without necessarily locomoting), MOTOR ACTIVITY (movement assoc with behavior), WALKING (purposeful locomotion to get somewhere or for recreation, fitness or competition); CELL MOVEMENT is available
UI = D008124
Locus Coeruleus
MS = Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis.
UI = D008125
Locus Control Region
MS = A regulatory region first identified in the human beta-globin locus but subsequently found in other loci. The region is believed to regulate TRANSCRIPTION by opening and remodeling CHROMATIN structure. It may also have ENHANCER activity.
UI = D019901
Lod Score
MS = The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."
AN = for Logarithmic ODds: in genet a linkage relat among loci; no qualif
UI = D008126
Lofepramine
MS = A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.
UI = D008127
Loganiaceae
MS = A plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. They have leaflike appendages at the base of the leafstalks, have terminal flower clusters. Petals have four or five overlapping lobes and the fruit is a capsule containing winged or wingless seeds.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029541
Logic
MS = The science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference and deals with the canons and criteria of validity in thought and demonstration. This system of reasoning is applicable to any branch of knowledge or study. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed & Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)
AN = no qualif
UI = D008128
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes
MS = A vocabulary database of universal identifiers for laboratory and clinical test results. Its purpose is to facilitate the exchange and pooling of results for clinical care, outcomes management, and research. It is produced by the Regenstrief Institute. (LOINC and RELMA [Internet]. Indianapolis: The Regenstrief Institute; c1995-2001 [cited 2002 Apr 2]. Available from http://www.regenstrief.org/loinc)
AN = CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D039703
Logistic Models
MS = Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific subject /statist (IM); no qualif
UI = D016015
Loiasis
MS = A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (Tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless.
AN = /drug ther: consider FILARICIDES
UI = D008118
Lolium
MS = Common member of the Gramineae family used as cattle fodder. It harbors several fungi and other parasites toxic to livestock and people and produces allergenic compounds, especially in its pollen. The most commonly seen varieties are L. perenne, L. multiflorum, and L. rigidum.
AN = used as cattle fodder; do not confuse X ref RYE GRASS with rye (SECALE CEREALE)
UI = D008129
Lomustine
MS = An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
UI = D008130
London
AN = early & modern LONDON: Manual 32.15.5, 36.14
UI = D008131
Loneliness
MS = The state of feeling sad or dejected as a result of lack of companionship or being separated from others.
UI = D008132
Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements
MS = Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. They also have an open reading frame that is related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses but they do not contain LTRs (long terminal repeats). Copies of the LINE 1 (L1) family form about 15% of the human genome. The jockey elements of Drosophila are LINEs.
UI = D020084
Long QT Syndrome
MS = A syndrome characterized by history of syncopal episodes and a long QT interval, sometimes leading to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC) due to paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia. A form associated with autosomal recessive inheritance and congenital deafness is called the JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME. An autosomal dominant form without deafness is called the ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME.
UI = D008133
Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator
MS = Thyroid stimulator, long-acting. An immunoglobulin G, often found in the blood of hyperthyroid individuals. It stimulates the thyroid for a longer duration than does thyrotoxin and may cause hyperthyroidism in newborns due to placental transmission.
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; DF: note short X ref
UI = D008135
Long-Term Care
MS = Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care.
AN = NIM
UI = D008134
Long-Term Depression (Physiology)
MS = A persistent activity-dependent decrease in synaptic efficacy between NEURONS. It typically occurs following repeated low-frequency afferent stimulation, but it can be induced by other methods. Long-term depression appears to play a role in MEMORY.
AN = note category: do not confuse with clinical DEPRESSION or DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
UI = D036881
Long-Term Potentiation
MS = A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.
AN = note category: "a persistent increase in synaptic efficacy"; DF: LTP
UI = D017774
Longevity
AN = human & animal; consider also LIFE EXPECTANCY
UI = D008136
Longitudinal Ligaments
MS = Two extensive fibrous bands running the length of the vertebral column. The anterior longitudinal ligament (ligamentum longitudinale anterius; lacertus medius) interconnects the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies; the posterior longitudinal ligament (ligamentum longitudinale posterius) interconnects the posterior surfaces. The commonest clinical consideration is OSSIFICATION OF POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = spinal ligaments; LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM, a vertebral ligament, is also available
UI = D017846
Longitudinal Studies
MS = Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific disease (IM); no qualif; specify geog if pertinent
UI = D008137
Lonicera
MS = A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Members contain iridoid glucosides.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031239
Loop of Henle
MS = The U-shaped portion of the NEPHRON consisting of a descending limb and an ascending limb situated between the KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL and the KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL.
UI = D008138
Loperamide
MS = One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.
UI = D008139
Loranthaceae
MS = The showy mistletoe plant family of the order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. This includes parasitic tropical plants with haustoria connecting to the hosts. The leaves are opposite and thick. The flowers (4-7) have both calyx and corolla. The fruit is a berry with one seed.
AN = X ref MISTLETOE, ARGENTINE: several mistletoe terms are available, check text and MeSH; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D028183
Loratadine
MS = A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.
UI = D017336
Lorazepam
MS = An anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.
UI = D008140
Lordosis
MS = The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).
AN = a type of spinal curvature; disease only; for normal lordosis index under SPINE; for lordosis in animal sex exper use POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL
UI = D008141
Lorisidae
MS = A family of Primates of the suborder Strepsirhini containing six genera. The family is distributed in parts of Africa, India, Asia, and the Philippines. The six genera are: Arctocebus (golden potto), GALAGO (bush babies), Loris (slender loris), Nycticebus (slow loris), and Perodicticus (potto). Lorises and pottos are relatively common except for Arctocebus, the golden potto. All are arboreal and nocturnal.
AN = prosimians; IM; qualif permitted
UI = D008142
Los Angeles
UI = D015141
Losartan
MS = An angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity due mainly to selective blockade of AT(1) receptors and the consequent reduced pressor effect of angiotensin II. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
UI = D019808
Loss of Heterozygosity
MS = The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal hemizygosity. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted. When this occurs at a tumor suppressor gene locus where one of the alleles is already abnormal, it can result in neoplastic transformation (CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC).
AN = do not confuse X ref ALLELIC LOSS with ALLELIC IMBALANCE
UI = D019656
Lotus
MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. This genus was formerly known as Tetragonolobus. The common name of lotus is also used for NYMPHAEA and NELUMBO.
AN = NYMPHAEA LOTUS is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029885
Loudness Perception
MS = The perceived attribute of a sound which corresponds to the physical attribute of intensity.
UI = D008144
Louisiana
UI = D008145
Louping Ill
MS = An acute tick-borne arbovirus infection causing meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep.
AN = caused by a tick-transm flavivirus; usually animal, generally sheep; "louping" is Scottish dialect for "leaping" with ref to musc manifest of infected animal; check tag ANIMAL; don't forget also SHEEP (NIM) but do not index under SHEEP DISEASES
UI = D008146
Lovastatin
MS = A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.
AN = /biosyn permitted if by fungus
UI = D008148
Love
MS = Affection; in psychiatry commonly refers to pleasure, particularly as it applies to gratifying experiences between members of the opposite sex.
AN = no qualif
UI = D008149
Low Back Pain
MS = Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.
AN = "lombo-sciatique" in French texts is indexed here (IM) + SCIATICA (IM)
UI = D017116
Lower Body Negative Pressure
MS = External decompression applied to the lower body. It is used to study orthostatic intolerance and the effects of gravitation and acceleration, to produce simulated hemorrhage in physiologic research, to assess cardiovascular function, and to reduce abdominal stress during childbirth.
AN = "external decompression applied to the lower body"; used in physiol research & ther
UI = D008150
Lower Extremity
MS = The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.
AN = prefer specifics; Manual 21.58: table of human, primate & non-primate extremities
UI = D035002
Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital
MS = Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.
UI = D038061
Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome
MS = A form of pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval associated with a normal QRS complex.
AN = note X ref: normal PR interval & long QRS interval = PRE-EXCITATION, MAHAIN TYPE
UI = D008151
Loxapine
MS = An antipsychotic agent used in schizophrenia.
UI = D008152
Lubrication
MS = The application of a substance to diminish friction between two surfaces. It may refer to oils, greases, and similar substances for the lubrication of medical equipment but it can be used for the application of substances to tissue to reduce friction, such as lotions for skin and vaginal lubricants.
AN = NIM; no qualif; coord with lubricant (IM); do not use for natural "lubrication" of joints: = probably SYNOVIAL FLUID
UI = D008153
Lucanthone
MS = One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46)
UI = D008154
Lucensomycin
MS = Antifungal antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces lucensis.
AN = do not use /biosyn unless by living matter
UI = D008155
Luciferase
MS = Any one of several enzymes that catalyze the bioluminescent reaction in certain marine crustaceans, fish, bacteria, and insects. The enzyme is a flavoprotein; it oxidizes LUCIFERINS to an electronically excited compound that emits energy in the form of light. The color of light emitted varies with the organism. The firefly enzyme is a valuable reagent for measurement of ATP concentration. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.13.12.-.
UI = D008156
Luciferins
MS = A generic term referring to a substrate which, upon oxidation by the enzyme luciferase, produces bioluminescence. Luciferins isolated from different species may vary greatly in structure, although in many cases identical structures have been found in widely diverse animals. The American firefly, Photinus pyralis, and its substrate have been studied extensively and is used in the assay of adenosine triphosphate. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
AN = luminescent upon oxidation
UI = D008157
Ludwig's Angina
MS = Severe cellulitis of the submaxillary space with secondary involvement of the sublingual and submental space. It usually results from infection in the lower molar area or from a penetrating injury to the mouth floor. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = submaxillary cellulitis
UI = D008158
Luffa
MS = A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the fruit which is the source of the luffa sponge and the seeds which contain luffin.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029776
Lumbar Vertebrae
AN = do not confuse with LUMBOSACRAL REGION; IM when discussed as bones or as coord with specific spinal disease (IM); NIM when locational; inflammation = LUMBAR VERTEBRAE (IM) + SPONDYLITIS (IM)
UI = D008159
Lumbosacral Plexus
MS = The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.
AN = a network of spinal nerves
UI = D008160
Lumbosacral Region
AN = do not confuse with LUMBAR VERTEBRAE or SACROCOCCYGEAL REGION: use term in the text; NIM when merely locational; pain: note see related ref
UI = D008161
Lumicolchicines
MS = Three, alpha, beta, and gamma isomers of ultraviolet degradation products of colchicine that lack many of the physiological actions of the parent; used as experimental control for colchicine actions.
AN = /biosyn permitted if by plant
UI = D008162
Luminescence
MS = The property of giving off light without emitting a corresponding degree of heat. It includes the luminescence of inorganic matter or the bioluminescence of human matter, invertebrates and other living organisms. For the luminescence of bacteria, LUMINESCENCE, BACTERIAL is available.
AN = non-ionizing; refers to inorganic or living matter (note X ref); no qualif; luminance does not go here: index LIGHT or LIGHTING; LUMINESCENCE, BACTERIAL & LUMINESCENT PROTEINS are also available
UI = D008163
Luminescence, Bacterial
MS = The emission of light by bacteria. It is applied to studies on bacterial viability, metabolism, genetics, adhesiveness, and other physiological properties.
AN = IM; no qualif; coord IM with specific bact with subhead appropriate to article (IM); DF: LUMINESCENCE BACT
UI = D017117
Luminescent Proteins
MS = Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D008164
Luminol
MS = 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.
AN = a reagent; D25-26 qualif; do not confuse with Luminal, a brand of PHENOBARBITAL
UI = D008165
Lumpy Skin Disease
MS = A poxvirus infection of cattle characterized by the appearance of nodules on all parts of the skin.
AN = caused by a poxvirus; usually animal; check tag ANIMAL; don't forget also CATTLE (NIM) but do not index under CATTLE DISEASES
UI = D008166
Lumpy skin disease virus
MS = A species of CAPRIPOXVIRUS causing a cattle disease occurring in Africa.
AN = infection = LUMPY SKIN DISEASE: see note there; DF: note short X ref or LUMPY SKIN DIS VIRUS
UI = D008167
Lung
MS = Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
AN = /abnorm: CYSTIC ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION OF LUNG, CONGENITAL is available; /blood supply: consider also PULMONARY CIRCULATION; /surg: consider also PNEUMONECTOMY but PULMONARY SURGICAL PROCEDURES is also available; /transpl = LUNG TRANSPLANTATION or HEART-LUNG TRANSPLANTATION: do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; inflammation = PNEUMONIA; collapse of lung = ATELECTASIS
UI = D008168
Lung Abscess
MS = A complication of a localized area of pneumonia or when a neoplasm becomes necrotic and contains purulent material that cannot drain easily from the area because of partial or complete bronchial obstruction. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1068)
AN = for coord read note on ABSCESS
UI = D008169
Lung Compliance
MS = The pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While clearly not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. The stiffer the lung, the less the compliance. Compliance is reduced by diseases which cause an accumulation of fibrous tissue in the lung or by edema in the alveolar spaces. It is increased in pulmonary emphysema and also with age, probably because of alterations in the elastic tissue in both cases. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)
AN = a resp funct test; NIM
UI = D008170
Lung Diseases
AN = GEN; prefer specifics; inflamm dis = PNEUMONIA; lung collapse = ATELECTASIS
UI = D008171
Lung Diseases, Fungal
AN = coord IM with specific fungal disease (IM); ASPERGILLOSIS, ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY is available
UI = D008172
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
MS = A heterogeneous group of noninfectious, nonmalignant disorders of the lower respiratory tract, affecting primarily the alveolar wall structures but also often involving the small airways and blood vessels of the lung parenchyma. "Interstitial" refers to the fact that the interstitium of the alveolar walls is thickened, usually by fibrosis. This group of diseases is usually inflammatory. (Dorland, 27th ed; Wyngarden, Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p396)
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: LUNG DIS INTERSTITIAL
UI = D017563
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
MS = Any disorder marked by persistent obstruction of bronchial air flow.
AN = PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE and AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION are also available
UI = D008173
Lung Diseases, Parasitic
MS = Infections of the lungs with a parasite. They are caused most commonly by nematodes (roundworms).
AN = coord IM with specific parasitic disease (IM) but note that available also is ECHINOCOCCOSIS, PULMONARY
UI = D008174
Lung Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D008175
Lung Transplantation
MS = The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed
UI = D016040
Lung Volume Measurements
MS = Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.
AN = NIM; see FORCED EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES & FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME for more cross-refs
UI = D008176
Lung, Hyperlucent
MS = Hyperlucency of one lung with decreased size and vascularity of the lung. It is often associated with BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS and with adenovirus infection in childhood.
AN = a type of pulm emphysema manifesting as hyperlucency on x-ray
UI = D019568
Lupinus
MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of SPARTEINE, lupanine and other lupin alkaloids.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031297
Lupus
MS = A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa.
AN = a type of cutaneous tuberc; do not confuse with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS
UI = D008177
Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor
MS = An antiphospholipid antibody found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME, and in a variety of other diseases as well as in healthy individuals. In vitro, the antibody interferes with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and prolongs the partial thromboplastin time. In vivo, it exerts a procoagulant effect resulting in thrombosis mainly in the larger veins and arteries. It further causes obstetrical complications, including fetal death and spontaneous abortion, as well as a variety of hematologic and neurologic complications.
AN = DF: LUPUS COAG INHIB
UI = D016682
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
MS = A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).
AN = acute: consider LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC if skin lesions are paramount
UI = D008178
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
MS = A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.
AN = do not confuse with systemic or disseminated: discoid is usually in dermatol jrnls, systemic in arthritis or rheumat jrnls; when unspecified in title, "discoid" is usually discernible from text or bibliog refs; note X ref: do not confuse with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS
UI = D008179
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
MS = A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.
AN = if not specified as "systemic" it is still probably correct to index here, not also discoid; LUPUS NEPHRITIS is also available; LE CELLS see NEUTROPHILS is also available: use LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC /blood or /pathol + NEUTROPHILS for discussion of the LE cells as cells; DF: SLE
UI = D008180
Lupus Nephritis
MS = Glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is classified into four histologic types: mesangial, focal, diffuse, and membranous.
AN = "glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus"
UI = D008181
Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
MS = Disorders of the brain and spinal cord that are associated with LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC. Clinical manifestations may include neurobehavioral dysfunction; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES); hypothalamic dysfunction; focal motor deficits; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE, and other disorders. Pathologic features include multiple microinfarctions involving the CEREBRAL CORTEX; DIENCEPHALON; and BRAIN STEM (see also BRAIN INFARCTION). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp858-9)
UI = D020945
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
MS = A series of tests designed to assess neuropsychological function. The battery is used to diagnose specific cerebral dysfunction and also to determine lateralization.
AN = DF: LURIA
UI = D008182
Luteal Cells
MS = PROGESTERONE-producing cells in the CORPUS LUTEUM. The large luteal cells derive from the GRANULOSA CELLS. The small luteal cells derive from the THECA CELLS.
UI = D008184
Luteal Phase
MS = The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that follows OVULATION, characterized by the development of CORPUS LUTEUM, increase in PROGESTERONE production by the OVARY and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the ENDOMETRIUM. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of MENSTRUATION.
UI = D008183
Lutein
MS = A carotenoid alcohol widespread in nature. It is present in egg yolk, algae, and petals of yellow flowers, among other sources.
UI = D014975
Luteinization
MS = Formation of CORPUS LUTEUM. This process includes capillary invasion of the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE, hypertrophy of the GRANULOSA CELLS and the THECA CELLS, and the production of PROGESTERONE. Luteinization is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.
UI = D034461
Luteinizing Hormone
MS = A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
AN = do not confuse X ref LUTROPIN with LUTEOTROPIN see PLACENTAL LACTOGEN; for alpha subunit, coord with GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES, ALPHA SUBUNIT; LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is also available
UI = D007986
Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit
MS = The beta subunit of luteinizing hormone. It is a 15 kD glycopolypeptide with structure similar to the beta subunit of the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT) except for the additional 31 amino acids at the C-terminal of CG-beta. Full biological activity of LH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the LHB gene causes HYPOGONADISM and infertility.
UI = D037101
Lutembacher's Syndrome
MS = A combination of atrial septal defect and mitral stenosis.
AN = atrial septal defect with mitral stenosis; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D008185
Luteolysis
MS = Degradation of CORPUS LUTEUM. In the absence of pregnancy and diminishing trophic hormones, the corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis which is characterized by the involution and cessation of its endocrine function.
UI = D003341
Luteolytic Agents
MS = Chemical compounds causing LUTEOLYSIS or degeneration.
AN = consider also CORPUS LUTEUM /drug eff & CORPUS LUTEUM REGRESSION
UI = D008186
Luteoma
MS = A benign ovarian tumor of granulosa or theca-lutein cell origin, producing progesterone effects on the uterine mucosa. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = coord IM with OVARIAN NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D018311
Luteovirus
MS = A genus of plant viruses that infects both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Its organisms are persistently transmitted by aphids, and weeds may provide reservoirs of infection.
AN = coord IM with specific plant /virol (IM or NIM)
UI = D017793
Lutetium
MS = Lutetium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.
AN = a rare earth metal; Lu-175; Lu-167-174, 176-180 = LUTETIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
UI = D008187
Lutheran Blood-Group System
MS = A complex blood group system having pairs of alternate antigens and amorphic genes, but also subject to a dominant independently segregating repressor.
AN = IM; coord with disease /blood (IM), not /immunol nor /genet; TN 230
UI = D008188
Luxembourg
UI = D008189
Lyases
MS = A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.
UI = D008190
Lychnis
MS = A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name "Campion" is also used with SILENE.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031244
Lycium
MS = A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain CEREBROSIDES and SCOPOLETIN.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032305
Lycopersicon esculentum
MS = A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.
AN = X ref SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM: SOLANUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D018551
Lycopodiaceae
MS = The club-moss plant family of the order Lycopodiales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta. The common name of clubmoss applies to several genera of this family. Despite the name this is not one of the true MOSSES.
AN = do not confuse with the true MOSSES; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029542
Lycopodium
MS = A plant genus of the family LYCOPODIACEAE. Members contain ALKALOIDS. Lycopodium oil is obtained from L. clavatum.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032502
Lycopus
MS = A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains rosmarinic acid and isopimarane diterpenoids and has been used in folk medicine for HYPERTHYROIDISM.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031333
Lycoris
MS = A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain radiatine, vittatine, haemanthamine, lycorenine, dihydrolycorine, lycorine, lycoricidinol and lycoricidine.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031426
Lye
MS = Generally speaking, it is the alkaline substance obtained from wood ashes by percolation. Preparations of lye can either be solutions of potassium or sodium hydroxide. The term lye, is also used to refer to the household product which is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
AN = a caustic
UI = D008191
Lyme Disease
MS = An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.
AN = coord IM with specific Borrelia (IM)
UI = D008193
Lyme Disease Vaccines
MS = Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent LYME DISEASE.
UI = D022123
Lyme Neuroborreliosis
MS = Nervous system infections caused by tick-borne spirochetes of the BORELLIA BORGDORFERI GROUP. The disease may affect elements of the central or peripheral nervous system in isolation or in combination. Common clinical manifestations include a lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (most often a facial neuropathy), POLYRADICULOPATHY, and a mild loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Less often more extensive inflammation involving the central nervous system (encephalomyelitis) may occur. In the peripheral nervous system, B. burgdorferi infection is associated with mononeuritis multiplex and polyradiculoneuritis. (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):182-91)
AN = coord IM with Borrelia (IM) + specific site/dis term (IM) if pertinent
UI = D020852
Lymecycline
MS = A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can therefore be given in lower doses; it is also reported to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects.
UI = D008194
Lymnaea
MS = A genus of dextrally coiled freshwater snails that includes some species of importance as intermediate hosts of parasitic flukes.
AN = freshwater snail; /microbiol /parasitol /virol permitted
UI = D008195
Lymph
UI = D008196
Lymph Node Excision
MS = Surgical excision of one or more lymph nodes. Its most common use is in cancer surgery. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p966)
AN = coord IM with site of lymph nodes (NIM) but RADICAL NECK DISSECTION is available; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D008197
Lymph Nodes
MS = They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.
AN = /radiogr permitted: not necessarily LYMPHOGRAPHY; /surg: probably LYMPH NODE EXCISION or specifics; GIANT LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA is also available; "axillary lymph nodes" = LYMPH NODES (IM) + AXILLA (NIM, no qualif); "cervical lymph nodes" = LYMPH NODES (IM) + NECK (NIM, no qualif); inflammation = LYMPHADENITIS
UI = D008198
Lymphadenitis
MS = Inflammation of the lymph nodes.
AN = inflamm of lymph nodes: do not confuse with LYMPHANGITIS, inflamm of lymphatic vessels; consider also MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS
UI = D008199
Lymphangiectasis
MS = A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.
UI = D008200
Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal
MS = A dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system usually caused by an obstruction in the intestinal wall. It may be congenital or acquired and is characterized by diarrhea, hypoproteinemia, peripheral and/or abdominal edema, and protein-losing enteropathy.
UI = D008201
Lymphangioma
MS = A benign tumor representing a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system and made up of newly formed lymph-containing vascular spaces and channels. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D008202
Lymphangioma, Cystic
MS = A cystic growth originating from lymphatic tissue. It is usually found in the neck, axilla, or groin.
AN = coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D018191
Lymphangiomyoma
MS = A tumorlike condition characterized by smooth muscle and endothelium proliferation of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes in the mediastinum and retroperitoneum, also in the lung. It may be manifested by chylous pleural effusion and ascites.
AN = solitary; multiple = LYMPHANGIOMYOMATOSIS but see MeSH definition; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D008203
Lymphangiomyomatosis
MS = A progressive disorder of women of child-bearing age, marked by nodular and diffuse interstitial proliferation of smooth muscle in the lungs, lymph nodes, and thoracic duct. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = multiple but read MeSH definition; solitary = LYMPHANGIOMYOMA; do not use /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl terms (IM) if relevant
UI = D018192
Lymphangiosarcoma
MS = A malignant tumor originating from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. Most lymphangiosarcomas arise in an arm secondary to radical mastectomy but they sometimes complicate idiopathic lymphedema. The lymphedema has usually been present for 6 to 10 years before malignant changes develop. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D008204
Lymphangitis
AN = inflamm of lymphatic vessels; do not confuse with LYMPHADENITIS, inflamm of lymph nodes
UI = D008205
Lymphatic Diseases
MS = Diseases of lymph or lymph vessels.
AN = note X ref LYMPHADENOPATHY: unspecified goes here but note LYMPHADENOPATHY SYNDROME see AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX & consider IMMUNOBLASTIC LYMPHADENOPATHY; SEZARY SYNDROME & other specifics indented here; inflamm dis = LYMPHANGITIS
UI = D008206
Lymphatic Irradiation
MS = External or interstitial irradiation to treat lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) and lymph node metastases and also some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
AN = ionizing; a radiother procedure: do not confuse with eff of rad on lymphatic system or lymph nodes ( = LYMPHATIC SYSTEM /rad eff or LYMPH NODES /rad eff); do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D015182
Lymphatic Metastasis
MS = Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.
AN = NIM, no qualif; IM for GEN or lymphatic metastatic process; when IM, qualif permitted; policy on metastases: Manual 24.3.1, 24.4.1.3+, 24.4.1.4
UI = D008207
Lymphatic System
AN = note X refs VENULES, LYMPHATIC & VENULES, POSTCAPILLARY: do not coord with VENULES which are restricted to blood vessels; LYMPHOID TISSUE & LYMPH NODES are available; inflammation = LYMPHANGITIS
UI = D008208
Lymphatic Vessel Tumors
MS = Neoplasms composed of lymphoid tissue, a lattice work of reticular tissue the interspaces of which contain lymphocytes. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in lymphatic vessels.
AN = neoplasms composed of lymphatic tissue, not located in lymphatic tissue: TN 135; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord with precoord organ/neopl term; restricted use: Manual 24.2.2.5
UI = D018190
Lymphedema
MS = Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.
AN = edema of arms or legs caused by obstruct or dis of lymph nodes or vessels; X ref MILROY'S DISEASE goes under LYMPHEDEMA /congen
UI = D008209
Lymphocele
MS = Cystic mass containing lymph from diseased lymphatic channels or following surgical trauma or other injury.
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with organ/dis term (IM) if relevant
UI = D008210
Lymphocryptovirus
MS = A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans and new world primates. The type species human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) is better known as the Epstein-Barr virus.
AN = infection: coord IM with HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D018143
Lymphocyte Activation
MS = Morphologic alteration of small lymphocytes in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS, MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific antigens. It may also occur in vivo, as in GRAFT REJECTION and chronic myelogenous leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC).
AN = lymphocyte transformation test goes here but do not index under specific agent inducing transformation unless particularly discussed; do not use for neoplastic or viral transformation of lymphocytes; DF: LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORM
UI = D008213
Lymphocyte Cooperation
MS = T-cell enhancement of the B-cell response to thymic-dependent antigens.
UI = D008211
Lymphocyte Count
MS = A count of the number of lymphocytes in the blood.
AN = NIM; coord with specific lymphocyte (IM) but note that CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT is available; coord with disease /blood or disease /immunol, not /physiopathol
UI = D018655
Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
MS = Measure of histocompatibility at the HL-A locus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two individuals are mixed together in tissue culture for several days. Lymphocytes from incompatible individuals will stimulate each other to proliferate significantly (measured by tritiated thymidine uptake) whereas those from compatible individuals will not. In the one-way MLC test, the lymphocytes from one of the individuals are inactivated (usually by treatment with MITOMYCIN or radiation) thereby allowing only the untreated remaining population of cells to proliferate in response to foreign histocompatibility antigens.
AN = NIM
UI = D007959
Lymphocyte Depletion
MS = Immunosuppression by reduction of circulating lymphocytes or by T-cell depletion of bone marrow. The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is performed ex vivo on bone marrow before its transplantation.
UI = D008212
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1
MS = An integrin heterodimer widely expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. CD11A ANTIGEN comprises the alpha chain and the CD18 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD18) the beta chain. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is a major receptor of T-CELLS, B-CELLS, and GRANUALOCYTES. It mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by NATURAL KILLER CELLS and granulocytes. INTRACELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 has been defined as a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.
AN = DF: LFA1 or LFA 1
UI = D016169
Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)
MS = This enzyme is a lymphoid-specific src family tyrosine kinase that is critical for T-cell development and activation. Lck is associated with the cytoplasmic domains of CD4, CD8 and the beta-chain of the IL-2 receptor, and is thought to be involved in the earliest steps of TCR-mediated T-cell activation.
UI = D019860
Lymphocyte Subsets
MS = A classification of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.
AN = A 11 qualif; coord IM with specific lymphocyte (IM) but note that B-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS & T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS are available
UI = D016131
Lymphocyte Transfusion
MS = The transfer of lymphocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific lymphocyte (NIM); for transfusion back to donor, coord IM with BLOOD TRANSFUSION, AUTOLOGOUS (NIM)
UI = D017710
Lymphocytes
MS = White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells.
AN = A 11 qualif; decrease in number = LYMPHOPENIA; excess number = LYMPHOCYTOSIS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT is also available; LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE TEST, MIXED is also available
UI = D008214
Lymphocytes, Null
MS = A class of lymphocytes characterized by the lack of surface markers specific for either T or B lymphocytes.
AN = A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM)
UI = D008215
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
MS = Lymphocytes that show specificity for autologous tumor cells. Ex vivo isolation and culturing of TIL with interleukin-2, followed by reinfusion into the patient, is one form of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.
AN = A 11 qualif; subpopulations: coord IM with LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS (IM); DF: TIL
UI = D016246
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
MS = A form of meningitis caused by LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS. MICE and other rodents serve as the natural hosts, and infection in humans usually occurs through inhalation or ingestion of infectious particles. Clinical manifestations include an influenza-like syndrome followed by stiff neck, alterations of mentation, ATAXIA, and incontinence. Maternal infections may result in fetal malformations and injury, including neonatal HYDROCEPHALUS, aqueductal stenosis, CHORIORETINITIS, and MICROCEPHALY. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)
UI = D008216
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
MS = The type species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), producing a silent infection in house and laboratory mice. In humans, infection with LCMV can be inapparent, or can present with an influenza-like illness, a benign aseptic meningitis, or a severe meningoencephalomyelitis. The virus can also infect monkeys, dogs, field mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters, the latter an epidemiologically important host.
AN = infection = LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS or LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS (IM) + ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM); DF: LCMV
UI = D008217
Lymphocytosis
MS = Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.
AN = increase in number of lymphocytes
UI = D008218
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
MS = Subacute inflammation of the inguinal lymph glands caused by certain immunotypes of CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. It is a sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. but is more widespread in developing countries. It is distinguished from granuloma venereum (see GRANULOMA INGUINALE), which is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.
AN = caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
UI = D008219
Lymphography
MS = Radiographic study of the lymphatic system following injection of dye or contrast medium.
AN = NIM; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: LYMPHOGR
UI = D008220
Lymphoid Tissue
AN = /radiogr permitted: not necessarily LYMPHOGRAPHY
UI = D008221
Lymphokines
MS = Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.
AN = /biosyn /drug eff /physiol /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D008222
Lymphoma
MS = A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.
AN = GEN only or unspecified: prefer specific; do not confuse X ref LYMPHOMA, MALIGNANT with LYMPHOGRANULOMA, MALIGNANT see HODGKIN DISEASE); for lymphoma with AIDS, use LYMPHOMA, AIDS-RELATED
UI = D008223
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
MS = B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic large-cell lymphoma, small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma and diffuse large-cell lymphoma. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.
AN = a B-cell lymphoma but use for any AIDS-related lymphoma; coord IM with specific type of lymphoma (IM); coord with HIV-1 or HIV-2 (IM or NIM) if pertinent; DF: LYMPHOMA AIDS RELAT
UI = D016483
Lymphoma, B-Cell
MS = A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL is also available
UI = D016393
Lymphoma, Diffuse
MS = Malignant lymphoma in which neoplastic cells diffusely infiltrate the entire lymph node without any definite organized pattern. Patients whose lymphomas present a diffuse pattern generally have a more unfavorable survival outlook than those presenting with a follicular or nodular pattern.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
UI = D016398
Lymphoma, Follicular
MS = Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the lymph nodes. The nodules resemble to some extent the germinal centers of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-lymphocytes. This class of lymphoma usually occurs in older persons, is commonly multinodal, and possibly extranodal. Patients whose lymphomas present a follicular or nodular pattern generally have a more indolent course than those presenting with a diffuse pattern.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA FOLLIC
UI = D008224
Lymphoma, High-Grade
MS = One of the three major prognostic groupings for non-Hodgkin lymphomas as proposed in the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (1981). Lymphomas falling within this group have a relatively unfavorable survival potential.
AN = a grade of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; prefer specific; LYMPHOMA, LOW-GRADE & LYMPHOMA, INTERMEDIATE-GRADE & their specifics are also available
UI = D016395
Lymphoma, Intermediate-Grade
MS = One of the three major prognostic groupings for non-Hodgkin lymphomas as proposed in the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (1981). Lymphomas falling within this group have an intermediate survival potential.
AN = a grade of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; prefer specific; LYMPHOMA, HIGH-GRADE & LYMPHOMA, LOW-GRADE & their specifics are also available
UI = D016396
Lymphoma, Large-Cell
MS = The most common aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It occurs in both diffuse and nodular form. The large cells may have cleaved and non-cleaved nuclei.
AN = DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE
UI = D008225
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse
MS = Malignant lymphoma composed of large cells which may be both cleaved and noncleaved. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.
AN = an intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE DIFFUSE
UI = D016403
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Follicular
MS = Malignant lymphoma in which the majority of neoplastic cells within the follicles are large cleaved or noncleaved cells. The degree to which the follicular center cells retain their ability to form follicles varies with the state of B-cell transformation.
AN = an intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE FOLLIC
UI = D016404
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic
MS = Malignant lymphoma characterized by the presence of immunoblasts with uniformly round-to-oval nuclei, one or more prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm. This class may be subdivided into plasmacytoid and clear-cell types based on cytoplasmic characteristics. A third category, pleomorphous, may be analogous to some of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, PERIPHERAL) recorded in both the United States and Japan.
AN = a diffuse high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA LARGE IMMUNOBLASTIC
UI = D016400
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Ki-1
MS = A large-cell, non-Hodgkin's, malignant lymphoma with pleomorphic appearance and reactivity with the monoclonal antibody Ki-1. The lymphoma is most often found in the skin and lymph nodes and expresses the Ki-1 (CD30) antigen (ANTIGENS, CD30) on its surface. It is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and malignant histiocytosis.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: note short X ref
UI = D017728
Lymphoma, Low-Grade
MS = One of the three major prognostic groupings for non-Hodgkin lymphomas as proposed in the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (1981). Lymphomas falling within this group have a relatively favorable survival potential.
AN = a grade of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; prefer specific; LYMPHOMA, HIGH-GRADE & LYMPHOMA, INTERMEDIATE-GRADE & their specifics are also available
UI = D016397
Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic
MS = A high-grade malignant lymphoma composed of a diffuse, relatively uniform proliferation of cells with round or convoluted nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The cells are cytologically similar to the lymphoblasts seen in acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in some cases, the disease may evolve into a leukemic phase morphologically indistinguishable from acute T-lymphocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, T-CELL, ACUTE). Lymphoblastic lymphoma represents approximately one-third of the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children and 5% of the cases in adults. It is more prevalent in males.
AN = a diffuse high-grade T-cell lymphoma
UI = D016401
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
MS = A rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).
UI = D020522
Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell
MS = Malignant lymphoma characterized by the presence of a mixed population of cells, with the smaller cells resembling lymphocytes and the larger ones histiocytes. It usually presents in a nodular (follicular) pattern, but may evolve into a diffuse pattern. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MIXED
UI = D008227
Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Diffuse
MS = A heterogeneous group of intermediate-grade lymphomas of mixed cellular composition. Although they have not been extensively studied, it appears that they are predominantly B-cell diseases.
AN = a diffuse intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MIXED DIFFUSE
UI = D016405
Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Follicular
MS = A low-grade malignant lymphoma of follicular pattern in which there is no clear preponderance of one cell type (small or large) over another. The large cells, cleaved or noncleaved, are often 2-3 times larger in diameter than normal lymphocytes.
AN = a low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MIXED FOLLIC
UI = D016407
Lymphoma, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
MS = Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire MALT tissue as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.
AN = a low-grade B-cell lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA MALT
UI = D018442
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
MS = Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.
AN = GEN & unspecified only: prefer specifics
UI = D008228
Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Diffuse
MS = An intermediate-grade malignant lymphoma in which the neoplastic cells (B-lymphocytes) exhibit variability in size, configuration, and degree of differentiation. The cells are irregular in shape and have distinct nuclei.
AN = DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL CLEAVED DIFFUSE
UI = D016406
Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Follicular
MS = A low-grade malignant lymphoma of predominantly follicular pattern. Follicles are of relatively uniform size and shape and the cells are usually somewhat larger than normal lymphocytes. Nuclei are irregular with prominent indentations and cytoplasm can rarely be identified. Cells exhibiting these characteristics are often called centrocytes.
AN = a low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL CLEAVED FOLLIC
UI = D016408
Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic
MS = A low-grade malignant lymphoma that may, in some cases, be considered histologically identical to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, CHRONIC). It is diffuse in pattern, representing the neoplastic proliferation of well-differentiated B-lymphocytes. In patients with immunoglobulin gammopathies, the lymphocytes may exhibit plasmacytoid characteristics.
AN = a diffuse low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
UI = D016409
Lymphoma, Small Noncleaved-Cell
MS = A high-grade malignant lymphoma that includes both Burkitt tumor (BURKITT LYMPHOMA) and other lymphomas previously designated undifferentiated non-Burkitt type. Nuclei in Burkitt tumor are round to ovoid and uniform in size. The non-Burkitt type exhibits greater nuclear variation and less evidence of cellular maturation with a correspondingly lesser degree of differentiation.
AN = a diffuse high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL NONCLEAVED
UI = D016402
Lymphoma, Small-Cell
MS = A B-cell lymphoma presumably representing a tumor of interfollicular B-lymphocytes that may be functional. Those that are secrete identical immunoglobulin molecules.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA SMALL
UI = D008226
Lymphoma, T-Cell
MS = A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, CUTANEOUS & LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, PERIPHERAL are also available
UI = D016399
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
MS = A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES and SEZARY SYNDROME are the best characterized of these disorders.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; coord IM with SKIN NEOPLASMS (IM)
UI = D016410
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral
MS = A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
UI = D016411
Lymphoma, Undifferentiated
MS = A form of lymphoma in which relatively large stem cells with large nuclei, pale, scanty cytoplasm, and indistinct borders are predominant. The cells are undifferentiated, i.e., show no morphologic evidence of maturation toward lymphocytes or histiocytes.
AN = a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DF: LYMPHOMA UNDIFFER
UI = D008229
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis
MS = An angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoreticular proliferative disorder primarily involving the lungs. Histologically it simulates malignant lymphoma and in some cases may progress to lymphoma.
AN = if non-neopl, coord IM with precoord organ/dis term (IM); if neopl, coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)
UI = D008230
Lymphomatoid Papulosis
MS = Clinically benign, histologically malignant, recurrent cutaneous eruption characterized by an infiltration of large atypical cells surrounded by inflammatory cells. The atypical cells resemble Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease or the malignant cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In some cases, lymphomatoid papulosis progresses to lymphomatous conditions including mycosis fungoides, Hodgkin's disease, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, or Ki-1 lymphoma.
AN = a precancerous form of pityriasis lichenoides
UI = D017731
Lymphopenia
MS = Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.
AN = decrease in no. of lymphocytes
UI = D008231
Lymphopoiesis
MS = Formation of LYMPHOCYTES and PLASMA CELLS from the lymphoid stem cells which develop from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW. These lymphoid stem cells differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; or NK-cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) depending on the organ or tissues (LYMPHOID TISSUE) to which they migrate.
UI = D038041
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
MS = Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.
AN = GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics
UI = D008232
Lymphotoxin
MS = Soluble protein of approximately 205 amino acids released by LYMPHOCYTES activated by ANTIGENS or T-cell MITOGENS, that is cytotoxic to other cells. It is involved in allergies and chronic inflammatory diseases. Lymphotoxin is antigenically distinct from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR), though they both share a common receptor, biological activities, and significant amino acid sequences.
AN = for "lymphocytotoxin" check text: if toxin released by lymphocyte index under LYMPHOTOXIN, if antibody to lymphocytes index under ANTILYMPHOCYTE SERUM
UI = D008233
Lynestrenol
MS = A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.
UI = D008234
Lyngbya Toxins
MS = Toxins isolated from any species of the seaweed Lyngbya or similar chemicals from other sources, including mollusks and micro-organisms. These have been found to be potent tumor promoters.
AN = from seaweed originally; /antag permitted but consider also ANTITOXINS; coord with source only if particularly discussed
UI = D008235
Lypressin
MS = The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS) most frequently used clinically. A cyclic nonapeptide with lysine in position 8 of the chain; it is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS and as a hemostatic because of its vasoconstrictor action.
UI = D008236
Lysergic Acid
UI = D008237
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
MS = Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D008238
Lysine
MS = An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.
AN = /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted; POLYLYSINE is also available
UI = D008239
Lysine Carboxypeptidase
MS = A metallocarboxypeptidase that removes C-terminal basic amino acid from peptides and proteins, with preference shown for lysine over arginine. It is a plasma zinc enzyme that inactivates bradykinin and anaphylatoxins.
UI = D001121
Lysine-tRNA Ligase
MS = An enzyme that activates lysine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.6.
UI = D008250
Lysinoalanine
MS = N(6)-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine. An unusual amino acid, not a dipeptide, which has been found in proteins of cooked foods. It is formed in food that is heated or treated with alkali. Has been implicated in nephrocytomegalia in rats.
AN = "an unusual amino acid...found in proteins of cooked foods"
UI = D008241
Lysogeny
MS = The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.
AN = for bacteriophages only
UI = D008242
Lysophosphatidylcholines
MS = Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.
UI = D008244
Lysophospholipase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. EC 3.1.1.5.
UI = D008245
Lysophospholipids
MS = Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.
UI = D008246
Lysosomal Storage Diseases
MS = Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in specific lysosomal hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolized substrates.
AN = an inborn error of metab; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES
UI = D016464
Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Nervous System
MS = A group of enzymatic disorders affecting the nervous system and to a variable degree the skeletal system, lymphoreticular system, and other organs. The conditions are marked by an abnormal accumulation of catabolic material within lysosomes.
AN = GEN: prefer specifics
UI = D020140
Lysosomes
MS = A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
AN = A 11 qualif except /cytol; /genet permitted
UI = D008247
Lysostaphin
MS = A 25 kD peptidase produced by Staphylococcus simulans which cleaves a glycine-glcyine bond unique to an inter-peptide cross-bridge of the STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS cell wall. EC 3.4.24.75.
UI = D008248
Lyssavirus
MS = A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE that includes RABIES VIRUS and other rabies-like viruses.
AN = infection: coord IM with RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D018114
Lythraceae
MS = The loosestrife plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Members are mainly herbs and many of them contain ALKALOIDS.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D029561
Lythrum
MS = A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE that contains ALKALOIDS.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031561