Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms

P

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P Blood-Group System

MS = A blood group related to the ABO, Lewis and I systems. At least five different erythrocyte antigens are possible, some very rare, others almost universal. Multiple alleles are involved in this blood group.

AN = IM; coord with disease /blood (IM), not /immunol nor /genet; TN 230

UI = D010127

 

p-Aminoazobenzene

MS = Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D010128

 

p-Aminohippuric Acid

MS = The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.

UI = D010130

 

p-Aminosalicylic Acid

MS = An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.

AN = AMINOSALICYLIC ACIDS is also available

UI = D010131

 

p-Azobenzenearsonate

MS = A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool.

UI = D010132

 

p-Chloroamphetamine

MS = Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.

UI = D010133

 

p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid

MS = An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.

AN = CHLOROMERCURIBENZOATES is also available

UI = D020245

 

p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene

MS = A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck, 11th ed)

AN = usually NIM in DAB-induced exper cancer: no qualif; when IM, D25-26 qualif; DF: note short X ref

UI = D004124

 

p-Fluorophenylalanine

MS = 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.

UI = D010135

 

P-Glycoprotein

MS = A 170 kD transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

AN = P-GLYCOPROTEINS is also available

UI = D020168

 

P-Glycoproteins

MS = A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to P-GLYCOPROTEIN. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs, especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, from cells causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although P-Glycoproteins share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.

AN = P-GLYCOPROTEIN is also available; P stands for "permeability"

UI = D018435

 

p-Hydroxyamphetamine

MS = Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects.

UI = D010136

 

p-Hydroxynorephedrine

MS = Parahydroxy analog of phenylpropanolamine with properties as a sympathomimetic.

UI = D010137

 

p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine

MS = A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.

UI = D003189

 

P-Selectin

MS = Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

AN = a cell adhesion molecule & CD antigen

UI = D019007

 

p120 GTPase Activating Protein

MS = A 120 kD RAS-GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN that binds to tyrosine phosphoproteins through its SH2 domains. The 100 kD RNA-splicing variant (p100 GAP protein) is expressed in placenta.

AN = DF: P120 GAP

UI = D020729

 

p14ARF Protein

MS = A gene product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It antagonizes the function of mdm2 protein (which regulates p53 by targeting it for degradation). p14ARF is produced from the beta mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced alpha transcript, is PROTEIN P16. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.

UI = D025803

 

p42 MAP Kinase

MS = A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

UI = D019950

 

Pacemaker, Artificial

MS = A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).

AN = may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external); coord dis with /ther, not /surg for treatment with pacemaker

UI = D010138

 

Pachyrhizus

MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Some Pachyrhizus have been reclassified to PUERARIA. Do not confuse with yam (IPOMOEA; or DIOSCOREA) or African yam bean (SPHENOSTYLIS).

AN = PACHYRHIZUS THUNBERGIANUS see PUERARIA; YAM see DIOSCOREA; YAM BEAN, AFRICAN see SPHENOSTYLIS; PSEUDO-YAM see IPOMOEA BATATAS; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029905

 

Pachysandra

MS = A plant genus of the family BUXACEAE that should not be confused with common spurge (EUPHORBIA).

AN = SPURGE see EUPHORBIA is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031236

 

Pacific Islands

MS = The islands of the Pacific Ocean divided into MICRONESIA; MELANESIA; and POLYNESIA (including NEW ZEALAND). The collective name Oceania includes the aforenamed islands, adding AUSTRALIA; NEW ZEALAND; and the Malay Archipelago (INDONESIA). (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p910, 880)

AN = includes MELANESIA; MICRONESIA & POLYNESIA: see notes under each & indentions in trees

UI = D010139

 

Pacific Ocean

AN = no qualif

UI = D010140

 

Pacific States

MS = The geographic designation for states bordering on or located in the Pacific Ocean. The states so designated are Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. (U.S. Geologic Survey telephone communication)

AN = includes Alaska, Calif, Hawaii, Ore, Wash; specify as needed but use PACIFIC STATES when the text uses the term; do not confuse with PACIFIC NORTHWEST see NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES CATALOG: use for 4 or more states

UI = D019601

 

Pacifiers

MS = Devices that babies can suck on when they are not feeding. The extra sucking can be comforting to the babies and pacify them. Pacifiers usually are used as a substitute for the thumb in babies who suck on their thumb or fingers almost constantly.

UI = D041361

 

Pacinian Corpuscles

MS = Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin. Pacinian corpuscles contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers. They have large receptive fields and are most sensitive to high-frequency stimuli, such as vibration.

AN = mechanoreceptors

UI = D010141

 

Paclitaxel

MS = Antineoplastic agent isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules in their polymerized form leading to cell death.

UI = D017239

 

Pactamycin

MS = Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.

UI = D010142

 

Paecilomyces

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus occasionally causing human diseases such as pulmonary infections, mycotic keratitis, endocarditis, and opportunistic infections. Its teleomorph is Byssochlamys.

AN = infection: coord IM with MYCOSES (IM) or specific mycosis (IM)

UI = D010143

 

Paeonia

MS = A plant genus of the family Paeoniaceae, order Dilleniales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. These perennial herbs are up to 2 m (6') tall. Leaves are alternate and are divided into three lobes, each lobe being further divided into three smaller lobes. The large flowers are symmetrical, bisexual, have 5 sepals, 5 petals (sometimes 10), and many stamens.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029596

 

Paget's Disease, Extramammary

MS = A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)

AN = neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

UI = D010145

 

Paget's Disease, Mammary

MS = An intraductal carcinoma of the breast extending to involve the nipple and areola, characterized clinically by eczema-like inflammatory skin changes and histologically by infiltration of the dermis by malignant cells (Paget's cells). (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BREAST NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D010144

 

Pain

MS = An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli and generally received by specialized nerve endings.

AN = IM, GEN only; prefer precoord locational pain terms, like ABDOMINAL PAIN, CHEST PAIN, etc.; /diag: consider also PAIN MEASUREMENT but PAIN /diag is probably PAIN /etiol; /ther: consider also PALLIATIVE CARE ( = pain relief without cure); /physiopathol: PAIN THRESHOLD is also available; chronic pain = PAIN (IM) + CHRONIC DISEASE (NIM): do not equate with PAIN, INTRACTABLE; congen absence of pain = PAIN INSENSITIVITY, CONGENITAL; excessive sensitivity to pain = HYPERALGESIA; policy: Manual 23.17+

UI = D010146

 

Pain Clinics

MS = Facilities providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative services for patients with severe chronic pain. These may be free-standing clinics or hospital-based and serve ambulatory or inpatient populations. The approach is usually multidisciplinary. These clinics are often referred to as "acute pain services". (From Br Med Bull 1991 Jul;47(3):762-85)

AN = for diag & ther; coord IM with specific dis (IM) if pertinent

UI = D018710

 

Pain Insensitivity, Congenital

MS = A syndrome characterized by indifference to PAIN despite the ability to distinguish noxious from nonnoxious stimuli. Absent corneal reflexes and MENTAL RETARDATION may be associated. Familial forms with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance have been described. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)

AN = congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis = HSAN IV see NEUROPATHIES, HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC; DF: PAIN INSENSITIVITY CONGEN

UI = D000699

 

Pain Measurement

MS = Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted

UI = D010147

 

Pain Threshold

MS = Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

UI = D017288

 

Pain, Intractable

MS = Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.

AN = IM; usually chronic so do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE but chronic pain = PAIN (IM) + CHRONIC DISEASE (NIM)

UI = D010148

 

Pain, Postoperative

MS = Pain during the period after surgery.

AN = DF: PAIN POSTOP or POSTOP PAIN

UI = D010149

 

Paint

UI = D010150

 

Paintings

UI = D010151

 

Pair Bond

MS = In animals, the social relationship established between a male and female for reproduction. It may include raising of young.

AN = animal only; no qualif

UI = D010152

 

Paired-Associate Learning

MS = Learning in which the subject must respond with one word or syllable when presented with another word or syllable.

UI = D010153

 

Pakistan

UI = D010154

 

Palaemonidae

MS = A family of CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, comprising the palaemonid shrimp. Genera include Macrobrachium, Palaemon, and Palaemonetes. Palaemonidae osmoregulate by means of gills.

AN = note X ref PALAEMONID SHRIMP: several other shrimp terms are available; check text and MeSH; unspecified shrimp as food is probably PENAEIDAE

UI = D033541

 

Palaquium

MS = A plant genus of the family SAPOTACEAE. Latex from bark incisions is processed into GUTTA-PERCHA.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032131

 

Palatal Expansion Technique

MS = An orthodontic method used for correcting narrow or collapsed maxillary arches and functional cross-bite. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry),

UI = D010155

 

Palatal Muscles

MS = The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni).

AN = /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent

UI = D010156

 

Palatal Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D010157

 

Palatal Obturators

MS = Appliances that close a cleft or fissure of the palate.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D010158

 

Palate

MS = The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).

AN = X ref INCISIVE PAPILLA, a projection on the palate posterior to the central incisors: do not add INCISOR; PALATE, HARD and PALATE, SOFT are also available

UI = D010159

 

Palate, Hard

MS = The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE.

UI = D021362

 

Palate, Soft

MS = A movable fold suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate. The uvula hangs from the middle of the lower border.

UI = D010160

 

Palau

MS = A republic consisting of a group of about 100 islands and islets in the western Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Koror. Under Spain it was administered as a part of the Caroline Islands but was sold to Germany in 1899. Seized by Japan in 1914, it was taken by the Allies in World War II in 1944. In 1947 it became part of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, became internally self-governing in 1980, obtained independent control over its foreign policy (except defense) in 1986, and achieved total independence October 1, 1994. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p915; telephone communication with Randy Flynn, Board on Geographic Names, 17 January 1995)

UI = D019029

 

Paleodontology

MS = The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.

AN = IM; SPEC: SPEC qualif; as NIM coord, no qualif; check tags HISTORICAL ARTICLE & ANCIENT or MEDIEVAL; for prehist, ANCIENT tag is all right; paleodontology is for pre-Columbian, nothing later; DF: PALEODONTOL

UI = D010161

 

Paleography

MS = The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing. It includes the deciphering of manuscripts and other forms to determine their date, provenance, etc. (Webster's 1st ed)

AN = study of manuscripts & inscriptions; IM; med paleography: do not coord with MEDICINE; DF: PALEOGR

UI = D010162

 

Paleontology

MS = The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

AN = IM; SPEC: SPEC qualif; as NIM coord, no qualif; do not routinely check tags HISTORICAL ARTICLE & ANCIENT or MEDIEVAL: check only when the hist & ancient or medieval med aspects are particularly discussed; for prehist, ANCIENT tag is all right; paleontology is for pre-Columbian, nothing later; DF: PALEONTOL

UI = D010163

 

Paleopathology

MS = The study of disease in prehistoric times as revealed in bones, mummies, and archaeologic artifacts.

AN = IM; SPEC: SPEC qualif; as NIM coord, no qualif; check tags HISTORICAL ARTICLE & ANCIENT or MEDIEVAL; for prehist, ANCIENT tag is all right; paleopathol is for pre-Columbian, nothing later; consider also MUMMIES /pathol & do not coord with PALEOPATHOLOGY; DF: PALEOPATHOL

UI = D010164

 

Palinuridae

MS = A family of marine CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA, comprising the clawless lobsters.They are found in tropical and subtropical waters and characterized by short spines along the length of the tail and body.

UI = D033521

 

Palladium

MS = A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

AN = Pd-106; Pd-102, 104, 105, 108, 110 = PALLADIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Pd-98-101, 103, 107, 109, 111-115 = PALLADIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)

UI = D010165

 

Palliative Care

MS = Care alleviating symptoms without curing the underlying disease. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = = relief without cure; coord IM with disease /ther or /surg or /drug ther or other specific qualif (IM); consider also PAIN /ther

UI = D010166

 

Pallor

MS = A clinical manifestation consisting of an unnatural paleness of the skin.

UI = D010167

 

Palmitates

MS = Salts and esters of the 16-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--palmitic acid.

UI = D010168

 

Palmitic Acid

MS = A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.

AN = do not confuse with PALMITIC ACIDS

UI = D019308

 

Palmitic Acids

MS = A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.

AN = a group of fatty acids; do not confuse with PALMITIC ACID

UI = D010169

 

Palmitoyl Coenzyme A

MS = A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.

UI = D010171

 

Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase

MS = Enzyme catalyzing reversibly the hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA or other long-chain acyl coenzyme A compounds to yield CoA and palmitate or other acyl esters. The enzyme is involved in the esterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. EC 3.1.2.2.

UI = D010170

 

Palmitoylcarnitine

MS = A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D010172

 

Palpation

MS = Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs.

AN = do not confuse with "palpitation" ( = HEART RATE; ARRHYTHMIA or specific arrhythmia)

UI = D010173

 

Palyam Virus

MS = A species of ORBIVIRUS infecting cattle and sheep. It is transmitted by culicine mosquitoes and gnats (CULICOIDES).

AN = infection: coord IM with REOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D030081

 

Pamphlets

MS = Printed publications usually having a format with no binding and no cover and having fewer than some set number of pages. They are often devoted to a single subject.

UI = D010174

 

Pan American Health Organization

MS = WHO regional office for the Americas acting as a coordinating agency for the improvement of health conditions in the hemisphere. The four main functions are: control or eradication of communicable diseases, strengthening of national and local health services, education and training, and research.

AN = IM CATALOG: use NAF entry

UI = D010175

 

Pan paniscus

MS = The pygmy chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family PONGIDAE. Its common name is Bonobo, which was once considered a separate genus by some; others considered it a subspecies of PAN TROGLODYTES. Its range is confined to the forests of the central Zaire basin. Despite its name, it is often of equal size to P. troglodytes.

AN = an ape, not a monkey; IM; qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with APE DISEASES (IM) + specific dis /vet (IM)

UI = D019974

 

Pan troglodytes

MS = The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family PONGIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

AN = an ape, not a monkey; IM; qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with APE DISEASES (IM) + specific dis /vet (IM)

UI = D002679

 

Panama

AN = do not confuse with PANAMA CANAL ZONE

UI = D010176

 

Panama Canal Zone

AN = do not confuse with PANAMA

UI = D010177

 

Panax

MS = An araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. Sometimes confused with Siberian ginseng (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS).

AN = do not confuse X ref GINSENG with SIBERIAN GINSENG see Eleutherococcus; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D005894

 

Pancoast's Syndrome

MS = Destructive lesions of the thoracic inlet with involvement of the brachial and sympathetic plexus or carcinoma of the lung apex. It is characterized by pain in the shoulder region radiating toward the axilla and scapula, sensory and motor disorders and wasting of the muscles of the hand, the Bernard-Horner syndrome, and compression of the blood vessels with edema. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes and Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)

AN = an apicocostovertebral syndrome

UI = D010178

 

Pancreas

MS = A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes.

AN = /enzymol: consider also PANCREATIN for "pancreatic enzymes" particularly in ther; /surg: consider also PANCREATECTOMY; /transpl = PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION: do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; note that ISLETS OF LANGERHANS TRANSPLANTATION is also available; inflammation = PANCREATITIS; pancreatic A, B, C cells: index under ISLETS OF LANGERHANS; D cells = D CELLS

UI = D010179

 

Pancreas Transplantation

MS = The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; do not coord with TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS unless particularly discussed; in ther of diabetes mellitus, ISLETS OF LANGERHANS TRANSPLANTATION is probably the correct term: see note there

UI = D016035

 

Pancreas, Artificial

MS = Devices for simulating the activity of the pancreas. They can be either electromechanical, consisting of a glucose sensor, computer, and insulin pump or bioartificial, consisting of isolated islets of Langerhans in an artificial membrane.

AN = device simulating pancreas activity

UI = D019397

 

Pancreatectomy

MS = Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D010180

 

Pancreatic Cyst

MS = A true cyst of the pancreas to be distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a mucous epithelial lining. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of pancreatic ducts secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)

AN = non-neoplastic; pancreatic pseudocyst = PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D010181

 

Pancreatic Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = PANCREATITIS

UI = D010182

 

Pancreatic Ducts

MS = Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.

AN = note X ref DUODENAL PAPILLA, MINOR: do not confuse with DUODENAL PAPILLA, MAJOR see VATER'S AMPULLA; "duodenal papilla" unspecified is probably DUODENAL PAPILLA, MAJOR

UI = D010183

 

Pancreatic Elastase

MS = A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.

AN = LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE is also available

UI = D010196

 

Pancreatic Extracts

MS = Extracts prepared from pancreatic tissue that may contain the pancreatic enzymes or other specific uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific activities. PANCREATIN is a specific extract containing digestive enzymes and used to treat pancreatic insufficiency.

AN = extracts of pancreas or pancreatic fractions containing uncharacterized factors; do not confuse with chemical substances "extracted" from the pancreas, as "peptides extracted from the mouse pancreas" ( = PEPTIDES /anal + PANCREAS /anal); PANCREATIN, a pancreatic extract, is also available

UI = D010184

 

Pancreatic Fistula

MS = Abnormal passage communicating with the pancreas.

AN = fistula policy: Manual 23.19+

UI = D010185

 

Pancreatic Function Tests

MS = Tests based on the biochemistry and physiology of the exocrine pancreas and involving analysis of blood, duodenal contents, feces, or urine for products of pancreatic secretion.

UI = D010186

 

Pancreatic Hormones

MS = Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D010187

 

Pancreatic Insufficiency

MS = Absence of or reduced pancreatic exocrine secretion into the duodenum and resultant poor digestion of lipids, vitamins, nitrogen, and carbohydrates.

UI = D010188

 

Pancreatic Juice

MS = The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum.

AN = /secret permitted but consider PANCREAS /secret if pertinent

UI = D010189

 

Pancreatic Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the pancreas.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); available are ALPHA-CELL TUMOR see GLUCAGONOMA, BETA-CELL TUMOR see INSULINOMA but delta-cell tumor = SOMATOSTATINOMA or VIPOMA

UI = D010190

 

Pancreatic Polypeptide

MS = A 36-amino acid polypeptide with physiological regulatory functions. It is secreted by pancreatic tissue. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the islets of Langerhans has been associated with the obese syndrome in rats and mice.

AN = a neurotransmitter pancreatic hormone; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D010191

 

Pancreatic Pseudocyst

MS = Cyst-like space not lined by epithelium and contained within the pancreas.

UI = D010192

 

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

MS = The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D016577

 

Pancreaticojejunostomy

MS = Surgical anastomosis of the pancreatic duct, or the divided end of the transected pancreas, with the jejunum. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D010193

 

Pancreatin

MS = A mammalian pancreatic extract composed of enzymes with protease, amylase and lipase activities. It is used as a digestant in pancreatic malfunction.

UI = D010194

 

Pancreatitis

AN = try to specify ACUTE DISEASE (NIM) for acute pancreatitis or CHRONIC DISEASE (NIM) for chronic pancreatitis

UI = D010195

 

Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing

MS = Acute inflammation of the pancreas with areas of devitalized pancreatic and/or peripancreatic tissue. These necrotic areas may involve large areas of the pancreas or may be small. When a CT scan is performed with contrast media using a bolus technique, necrotic areas do not perfuse with media and are not enhanced. The lack of enhancement distinguishes necrotic tissue from the adjacent well-perfused viable pancreatic parenchyma. (From Liang et al., Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology, & Disease, 2d ed, p597)

UI = D019283

 

Pancreatitis, Alcoholic

MS = An acute or chronic degenerative and inflammatory lesion of the pancreas in the alcoholic which is potentially progressive or possibly reversible.

AN = usually chronic so do not coord with CHRONIC DISEASE

UI = D019512

 

Pancrelipase

MS = A preparation of hog pancreatic enzymes standardized for lipase content.

UI = D020799

 

Pancuronium

MS = A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.

UI = D010197

 

Pancytopenia

MS = Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.

AN = combined defic of erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets

UI = D010198

 

Pandalidae

MS = A family of CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, comprising the pandalid shrimp. They are protandic hermaphrodites and can breed in both male and female stages. Many species are commercially harvested in the Pacific Northwest.

AN = note X ref PANDALID SHRIMP: several other shrimp termsare available; check text and MeSH; unspecified shrimp as food is probably PENAEIDAE

UI = D033542

 

Pandanaceae

MS = A plant family of the order Pandanales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031673

 

Paneth Cells

MS = Epithelial cells found in the basal part of the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn). Paneth cells synthesize and secrete lysozyme and cryptdins.

UI = D019879

 

Panic

MS = A state of extreme acute, intense anxiety and unreasoning fear accompanied by disorganization of personality function.

AN = note category: do not confuse with PANIC DISORDER (Cat F3)

UI = D010200

 

Panic Disorder

MS = A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

AN = note category: do not confuse with PANIC (Cat F1)

UI = D016584

 

Panicum

MS = A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is one of the millets used in CEREALS and in feed for birds and livestock (ANIMAL FEED). It contains diosgenin (SAPONINS).

AN = other millet plants are available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D008897

 

Panniculitis

MS = General term for inflammation of adipose tissue, usually of the skin, characterized by reddened subcutaneous nodules.

AN = inflamm of adipose tissue; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D015434

 

Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus

MS = A type of lupus erythematosus characterized by deep dermal or subcutaneous nodules, most often on the head, face, or upper arms. It is generally chronic and occurs most often in women between the ages of 20 and 45.

AN = DF: PANNICULITIS LE

UI = D015435

 

Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative

MS = A form of panniculitis characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by the eruption of single or multiple erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities. They normally resolve, but tend to leave depressions in the skin. The condition is most often seen in women, alone or in association with other disorders.

UI = D010201

 

Panniculitis, Peritoneal

MS = Condition of the peritoneum, most commonly of the mesentery, but also of the omentum, characterized by tissue thickening, alteration of fat cells, infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, and fibrosis.

AN = of mesentery or omentum

UI = D015436

 

Panophthalmitis

MS = Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.

AN = inflamm of all struct of eye: a clin entity; do not use as a coord for inflamm of specific parts of eye: these are available as -ITIS headings in C11

UI = D010202

 

Panstrongylus

MS = A genus of cone-nosed bugs of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Its species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.

AN = do not use /drug eff for insecticides: TN 111

UI = D010203

 

Pantetheine

MS = An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.

AN = do not confuse with pantethine

UI = D010204

 

Pantoea

MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, straight rods which are motile by peritrichous flagella. Most strains produce a yellow pigment. This organism is isolated from plant surfaces, seeds, soil, and water, as well as from animals and human wounds, blood, and urine. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

AN = infection: coord IM with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D020636

 

Pantothenic Acid

AN = a B vitamin; /ther use: coord disease with /drug ther, not /diet ther

UI = D010205

 

Panuveitis

MS = Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved.

AN = inflamm of anterior & posterior uvea

UI = D015864

 

Papain

MS = A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

UI = D010206

 

Papaver

MS = A genus of Eurasian herbaceous plants, the poppies (family PAPAVERACEAE of the dicotyledon class Magnoliopsida), that yield OPIUM from the latex of the unripe seed pods.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D010207

 

Papaveraceae

MS = The poppy plant family of the order Papaverales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. These have bisexual, regular, cup-shaped flowers with one superior pistil and many stamens; 2 or 3 conspicuous, separate sepals and a number of separate petals. The fruit is a capsule. Leaves are usually deeply cut or divided into leaflets.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D028101

 

Papaverine

MS = An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

UI = D010208

 

Paper

UI = D010209

 

Papillary Muscles

MS = Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

AN = Manual 21.52 as test tissue; for dis of papillary muscles coord IM with MYOCARDIAL DISEASES; /growth: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; /embryol: coord with MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT if pertinent

UI = D010210

 

Papilledema

MS = Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)

UI = D010211

 

Papilloma

MS = A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM); "laryngeal papilloma" = PAPILLOMA (IM) + LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (IM); "choroid plexus papilloma" = GLIOMA (IM) + CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D010212

 

Papilloma, Choroid Plexus

MS = A usually benign neoplasm that arises from the cuboidal epithelium of the choroid plexus and takes the form of an enlarged CHOROID PLEXUS, which may be associated with oversecretion of CSF. The tumor usually presents in the first decade of life with signs of increased intracranial pressure including HEADACHES; ATAXIA; DIPLOPIA; and alterations of mental status. In children it is most common in the lateral ventricles and in adults it tends to arise in the fourth ventricle. Malignant transformation to choroid plexus carcinomas may rarely occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p667; DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072)

UI = D020288

 

Papilloma, Intraductal

MS = A small, often impalpable benign papilloma arising in a lactiferous duct and frequently causing bleeding from the nipple. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = intraductal refers to mammary ducts only; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with BREAST NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D018300

 

Papilloma, Inverted

MS = A mucosal tumor of the urinary bladder or nasal cavity in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded than in other papillomas. (Stedman, 25th ed)

AN = /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

UI = D018308

 

Papillomaviridae

MS = A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting MAMMALS. There is one genus: PAPILLOMAVIRUS.

UI = D027383

 

Papillomavirus

MS = The sole genus of PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE causing proliferation of the epithelium, leading to benign neoplasms. Some lesions, induced by specific types of papillomaviruses are at high risk for malignant progression. A wide range of animals are infected including humans, chimpanzees, cattle, rabbits, dogs, and horses.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; infection: coord IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS

UI = D010213

 

Papillomavirus Infections

MS = Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.

UI = D030361

 

Papillomavirus, Bovine

MS = A species of PAPILLOMAVIRUS producing large numbers of warts on calves. Connective tissue proliferation is an important component of the warts.

AN = infection: coord IM with PAPOVAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS

UI = D001910

 

Papillomavirus, Cottontail Rabbit

MS = The type species of PAPILLOMAVIRUS. It is reported to occur naturally in cottontail rabbits in North America.

AN = do not confuse X ref SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS with SHOPE FIBROMA VIRUS; infection: coord IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D012777

 

Papillomavirus, Human

MS = A species of PAPILLOMAVIRUS causing warts in humans. These benign, squamous epithelial tumors can sometimes progress to malignancy.

AN = infection: coord IM with PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); consider also WARTS

UI = D018145

 

Papillon-Lefevre Disease

MS = Rare, autosomal recessive disorder occurring between the first and fifth years of life. It is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis followed by the premature shedding of both deciduous and permanent teeth.

AN = palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis

UI = D010214

 

Papio

MS = A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of seven named species: P. ursinus (chacma baboon), P. cynocephalus (yellow baboon), P. papio (western or Guinea baboon), P. anubis (anubis or olive baboon), P. hamadryas (hamadryas or sacred baboon), P. sphinx (mandrill), and P. leucophaeus (drill). Some authors have recognized a separate genus for the drill and mandrill: Mandrillus. The Papio genus is geographically distributed throughout east and west Africa, Arabia, Egypt, and the Sudan.

AN = baboon (Old World monkey); NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted; diseases: coord IM with MONKEY DISEASES (IM)

UI = D010215

 

Papovaviridae Infections

MS = Virus diseases caused by the PAPOVAVIRIDAE. This includes both papillomavirus infections and polyomavirus infections.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D018348

 

Papua New Guinea

MS = A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.

AN = read MeSH definition for hist & geog scope; Papuans are of NEGROID RACE unless otherwise specified

UI = D010219

 

Para-Aortic Bodies

MS = Small masses of chromaffin cells found near the sympathetic ganglia along the abdominal aorta. They serve as chemoreceptors responsive to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ion concentration, and help to control respiration.

AN = do not confuse with AORTIC BODIES

UI = D010220

 

Parabens

MS = Proprietary name for the methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D010226

 

Parabiosis

MS = The experimental joining of two individuals for the purpose of studying the effects of one on the other.

UI = D010227

 

Paracentesis

MS = A procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a body cavity via a trocar and cannula, needle, or other hollow instrument.

UI = D019152

 

Paracoccidioides

MS = A mitosporic fungal genus. P. brasiliensis (previously Blastomyces brasiliensis) is the etiologic agent of PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS.

AN = infection = PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

UI = D010228

 

Paracoccidioidomycosis

MS = A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma. Superficial resemblance of P. brasiliensis to Blastomyces brasiliensis (BLASTOMYCES) may cause misdiagnosis.

AN = fungus dis of skin caused by Paracoccidioides; do not confuse X ref BLASTOMYCOSIS, SOUTH AMERICAN with BLASTOMYCOSIS, NORTH AMERICAN see BLASTOMYCOSIS

UI = D010229

 

Paracoccus

MS = Gram-negative non-motile bacteria found in soil or brines.

UI = D010230

 

Paracoccus denitrificans

MS = A species of bacteria isolated from soil.

UI = D010231

 

Paracrine Communication

MS = Cellular signaling in which a factor secreted by a cell affects other cells in the local environment. This term is often used to denote the action of INTERCELLULAR SIGNALLING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS on surrounding cells.

UI = D019899

 

Paraffin

MS = A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.

AN = D25-26 qualif

UI = D010232

 

Paraffin Embedding

MS = The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.

UI = D016612

 

Paraganglia, Chromaffin

MS = Small bodies containing chromaffin cells occurring outside of the adrenal medulla, most commonly near the sympathetic ganglia and in organs such as the kidney, liver, heart and gonads.

UI = D010233

 

Paraganglia, Nonchromaffin

MS = Several clusters of chemoreceptive and supporting cells associated with blood vessels and nerves (especially the glossopharyngeal and vagus). The nonchromaffin paraganglia sense pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and participate in respiratory, and perhaps circulatory, control. They include the carotid and aortic bodies, the glomus jugulare, and the glomus tympanicum.

AN = chemoreceptors

UI = D010234

 

Paraganglioma

MS = A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl heading (IM)

UI = D010235

 

Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal

MS = A relatively rare, usually benign neoplasm originating in the chemoreceptor tissue of the carotid body, glomus jugulare, and aortic bodies. It consists histologically of rounded or ovoid hyperchromatic cells that tend to be grouped in an alveolus-like pattern within a scant to moderate amount of fibrous stroma and a few large thin-walled vascular channels. They are uncommon before the age of 20, with a female predominance in some series. (Stedman, 25th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p570-1)

AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with precoord organ/neopl term (IM)

UI = D010236

 

Paragonimiasis

MS = Infection with trematodes of the genus PARAGONIMUS. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = trematode infect

UI = D010237

 

Paragonimus

MS = A genus of lung flukes of the family Troglotrematidae. This genus consists of several species one of which is P. westermani, a common lung fluke in man. Members of this and other species also occur in other mammals.

AN = infection = PARAGONIMIASIS; for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D010238

 

Paraguay

UI = D010239

 

Parahippocampal Gyrus

MS = A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and collateral sulci. (Dorland, 28th ed)

UI = D020534

 

Parainfluenza Vaccines

MS = Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with parainfluenza viruses in humans and animals.

AN = coord IM with specific parainfluenza virus /immunol (IM)

UI = D022241

 

Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human

MS = A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.

AN = infection: coord IM with RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D010222

 

Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human

MS = A species of RUBULAVIRUS associated particularly with acute laryngotracheitis (CROUP) in children aged 6 months to 3 years.

AN = do not confuse with PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 1, HUMAN or PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3, HUMAN; infection: coord IM with CROUP (IM) if text confirms or RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) if not specified as CROUP or "acute laryngotracheobronchitis"

UI = D010223

 

Parainfluenza Virus 3, Bovine

MS = A species of RESPIROVIRUS, subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE, most often seen in conjunction with a secondary infection of MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA resulting in pneumonic pasturellosis (PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC).

AN = infection: coord IM with RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM) but consider also PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC

UI = D029101

 

Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human

MS = A species of RESPIROVIRUS frequently isolated from small children with pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

AN = infection: coord IM with RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D010224

 

Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human

MS = A species of RUBULAVIRUS causing endemic upper respiratory infections in children. It produces only a mild clinical disease and often goes undetected.

AN = infection: coord IM with RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D029482

 

Parakeets

AN = IM; qualif permitted

UI = D010240

 

Parakeratosis

MS = Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = do not confuse with POROKERATOSIS

UI = D010241

 

Paraldehyde

MS = A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9)

UI = D010242

 

Paralyses, Familial Periodic

MS = A heterogenous group of inherited disorders characterized by recurring attacks of rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis or myotonia. These conditions have in common a mutation of the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the sodium channel in skeletal muscle. They are frequently associated with fluctuations in serum potassium levels. Periodic paralysis may also occur as a non-familial process secondary to THYROTOXICOSIS and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1481)

AN = a specific disease entity: see MeSH definition

UI = D010245

 

Paralysis

MS = A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)

AN = severe loss of motor function as compared with PARESIS, a slight loss; GENERAL PARALYSIS see NEUROSYPHILIS does not mean "generalized paralysis" ( = PARALYSIS); spastic paralysis = PARALYSIS (IM) + MUSCLE SPASTICITY (NIM); flaccid paralysis = PARALYSIS (IM) + MUSCLE FLACCIDITY (NIM)

UI = D010243

 

Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic

MS = An autosomal dominant familial disorder which presents in infancy or childhood and is characterized by episodes of weakness associated with hyperkalemia. During attacks, muscles of the lower extremities are initially affected, followed by the lower trunk and arms. Episodes last from 15-60 minutes and typically occur after a period of rest following exercise. A defect in skeletal muscle sodium channels has been identified as the cause of this condition. Normokalemic periodic paralysis is a closely related disorder marked by a lack of alterations in potassium levels during attacks of weakness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1481)

UI = D020513

 

Paralysis, Obstetric

MS = Paralysis of an infant resulting from injury received at birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = refers to neonate; coord IM with specific paralysis or birth inj (IM); do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES

UI = D010246

 

Paramecium

MS = A genus of ciliate protozoa that is often large enough to be seen by the naked eye. Paramecia are commonly used in genetic, cytological, and other research.

AN = research protozoon often large enough to be seen by naked eye

UI = D010247

 

Paramecium tetraurelia

MS = A species of ciliate protozoa. It is used in biomedical research.

AN = used as a research tool

UI = D016805

 

Paramethasone

MS = A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)

AN = a steroidal anti-inflamm agent

UI = D010248

 

Parametritis

MS = Inflammation of the parametrium, the connective tissue of the pelvic floor, extending from the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the BROAD LIGAMEMT.

AN = "pelvic" in X ref refers to pelvic floor

UI = D010249

 

Paramphistomatidae

MS = A family of flukes of the class Trematoda found in the intestinal tract and liver of animals and man. Some of the genera are Homalagaster, Gastrodiscus, Paramphistomum, Watsonius, Nilocotyle, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax, Macropotrema, Ceylonocotyle, Zygocotyle, Cotylophoron, and Calicophoron.

AN = a family of trematodes; infection: coord IM with TREMATODE INFECTIONS (IM); for antigens, coord with ANTIGENS, HELMINTH, for antibodies, coord with ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH

UI = D010250

 

Paramyxoviridae

MS = A family of spherical viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include PARAMYXOVIRINAE and PNEUMOVIRINAE.

AN = a family of the order Mononegavirales; infection = PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS

UI = D010252

 

Paramyxoviridae Infections

MS = Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D018184

 

Paramyxovirinae

MS = A subfamily of PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. Genera include RUBULAVIRUS, RESPIROVIRUS, and MORBILLIVIRUS.

AN = infection: coord IM with PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D018098

 

Paramyxoviruses, Avian

MS = A group of viruses in the genus RUBULAVIRUS causing disease in domestic fowl. There are many species, the most well-known being avian paramyxovirus 1 (NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS).

AN = a group of viruses of the genus Rubulavirus; affects domestic fowl; infection: coord IM with RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D018109

 

Paranasal Sinus Diseases

MS = Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.

UI = D010254

 

Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms

MS = Neoplasms or tumors of the paranasal sinuses. Malignant neoplasms are rare, comprising 3% of all head and neck neoplasms. The majority arise in the maxillary sinus with malignancies of the ethmoid sinus constituting virtually all the remaining tumors.

AN = coord IM with specific sinus (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM); /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; note that MAXILLARY SINUS NEOPLASMS is also available

UI = D010255

 

Paranasal Sinuses

MS = Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary cranial bones. They vary in size and form in different individuals and are lined by the ciliated mucous membranes of the nasal cavity.

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; inflammation = SINUSITIS but do not add PARANASAL SINUSES for "paranasal" or "nasal" sinusitis

UI = D010256

 

Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration

MS = Cerebellar degeneration associated with a remote neoplasm. Clinical manifestations include progressive limb and GAIT ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; and NYSTAGMUS. The histologic type of the associated neoplasm is usually carcinoma or lymphoma. Pathologically the cerebellar cortex and subcortical nuclei demonstrate diffuse degenerative changes. Anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (anti-Yo) are found in the serum of approximately 50% of affected individuals. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p686)

AN = coord with precoord organ/neopl term + histol type

UI = D020362

 

Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy

MS = A diffuse or multifocal peripheral neuropathy related to the remote effects of a neoplasm, most often carcinoma or lymphoma. Pathologically, there are inflammatory changes in peripheral nerves. The most common clinical presentation is a symmetric distal mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1334)

AN = DF: PARANEOPL POLYNEUROPATHY

UI = D020364

 

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

MS = In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.

AN = do not use /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct

UI = D010257

 

Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System

MS = Degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the central or peripheral nervous system that develop in association with a systemic neoplasm without direct invasion by tumor. They may be associated with circulating antibodies that react with the affected neural tissue. (Intern Med 1996 Dec;35(12):925-9)

AN = DF: PARANEOPL ENCEPH

UI = D020361

 

Paranoid Behavior

MS = Behavior exhibited by individuals who are overly suspicious, but without the constellation of symptoms characteristic of paranoid personality disorder or paranoid type of schizophrenia.

UI = D010258

 

Paranoid Disorders

MS = Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking. Emotional responses and behavior are consistent with the delusional state.

UI = D010259

 

Paranoid Personality Disorder

MS = A personality disorder characterized by the avoidance of accepting deserved blame and an unwarranted view of others as malevolent. The latter is expressed as suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, and mistrust.

UI = D010260

 

Paraoxon

MS = An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a pesticide.

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

UI = D010261

 

Paraparesis

MS = Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.

UI = D020335

 

Paraparesis, Spastic

MS = Mild or moderate loss of motor function accompanied by SPASTICITY in the lower extremities. This condition is a manifestation of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that cause injury to the motor cortex or descending motor pathways.

AN = do not confuse with PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1

UI = D020336

 

Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic

MS = A subacute paralytic myeloneuropathy occurring endemically in tropical areas such as the Caribbean, Colombia, India, and Africa, as well as in the southwestern region of Japan; associated with infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1). Clinical manifestations include a slowly progressive spastic weakness of the legs, increased reflexes, Babinski signs, incontinence, and loss of vibratory and position sensation. On pathologic examination inflammatory, demyelination, and necrotic lesions may be found in the spinal cord. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1239)

UI = D015493

 

Paraphilias

MS = Disorders that include recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects, suffering of oneself or partners, or children or other nonconsenting partners. (from DSM-IV, 1994)

UI = D010262

 

Paraphimosis

MS = Retraction of phimotic foreskin, causing a painful swelling of the glans that, if severe, may cause dry gangrene unless corrected. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = a penile dis

UI = D010263

 

Paraplegia

MS = Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.

AN = also available is QUADRIPLEGIA; note X ref spastic paraplegia: SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA, HEREDITARY is also available

UI = D010264

 

Parapoxvirus

MS = A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, which infect ungulates and may infect humans. ORF VIRUS is the type species.

AN = a genus of the family Poxviridae; infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D018157

 

Paraproteinemias

MS = A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.

UI = D010265

 

Paraproteins

MS = Abnormal immunoglobulins synthesized by atypical cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Paraproteins containing only light chains lead to Bence Jones paraproteinemia, while the presence of only atypical heavy chains leads to heavy chain disease. Most of the paraproteins show themselves as an M-component (monoclonal gammopathy) in electrophoresis. Diclonal and polyclonal paraproteins are much less frequently encountered.

AN = abnormal immunoglobulins

UI = D010266

 

Parapsoriasis

MS = The term applied to a group of relatively uncommon inflammatory, maculopapular, scaly eruptions of unknown etiology and resistant to conventional treatment. Eruptions are both psoriatic and lichenoid in appearance, but the diseases are distinct from psoriasis, lichen planus, or other recognized dermatoses. Proposed nomenclature divides parapsoriasis into two distinct subgroups, PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES and parapsoriasis en plaques (small- and large-plaque parapsoriasis).

AN = a papulosquamous skin dis

UI = D010267

 

Parapsychology

MS = Branch of psychology that deals with paranormal behavior and events such as telepathy, precognition, and clairvoyance, which are not explicable by present day "natural laws".

AN = DF: PARAPSYCHOL

UI = D010268

 

Paraquat

MS = A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.

UI = D010269

 

Parasite Egg Count

AN = coord with specific parasite (IM) or parasitic dis (IM)

UI = D010270

 

Parasitemia

MS = The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = coord with specific parasitic disease or specific parasite if specific parasite dis is not in MeSH (do not use /blood to indicate -emia)

UI = D018512

 

Parasites

AN = GEN or unspecified only: prefer specifics; for parasiticides, consider ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; ANTHELMINTICS; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS & their specifics; in lower animals: Manual 22.20; relation to parasitic diseases: Manual 22.12-.20; parasites in food or parasitic contamination of food is indexed under FOOD PARASITOLOGY (IM) + specific parasite (IM) + specific food item (IM or NIM)

UI = D010271

 

Parasitic Diseases

MS = Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure.

AN = GEN: prefer specifics; relation to parasites: Manual 22.12-.20; parasitic dis not in MeSH: Manual 22.17, 22.18; parasitic dis of heart = PARASITIC DISEASES or specific parasitic dis (IM) + MYOCARDIAL DISEASES (IM), not HEART DISEASES; DF: PARASITIC DIS

UI = D010272

 

Parasitic Diseases, Animal

MS = Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.

AN = exper or vet; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific indentions or specific parasitic dis /vet; indexing policy: Manual 22.12-.20; don't forget to check tag ANIMAL; DF: PARASITIC DIS ANIMAL

UI = D010273

 

Parasitic Sensitivity Tests

MS = Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.

AN = IM when general; NIM with specific drug (IM) & specific parasite (IM); MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS is also available

UI = D021261

 

Parasitology

AN = SPEC only: SPEC qualif; prefer /parasitol with organs, higher animals & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.50; DF: PARASITOL

UI = D010274

 

Parasomnias

MS = Movements or behaviors associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from sleep that may impair sleep maintenance. Parasomnias are generally divided into four groups: arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, parasomnias of REM sleep, and nonspecific parasomnias. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p191)

AN = do not confuse x-ref BENIGN NEONATAL SLEEP MYOCLONUS with MYOCLONUS, NOCTURNAL and MYOCLONUS, SLEEP see MYOCLONUS

UI = D020447

 

Parasympathectomy

MS = The removal or interruption of some part of the parasympathetic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific nerve /surg or plexus /surg (IM or NIM)

UI = D017764

 

Parasympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic

MS = Nerve fibers which project from parasympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers use acetylcholine as transmitter. They may also release peptide cotransmitters.

AN = do not confuse with SYMPATHETIC FIBERS, POSTGANGLIONIC

UI = D017777

 

Parasympathetic Nervous System

MS = The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.

AN = /drug eff: consider also PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS & PARASYMPATHOLYTICS

UI = D010275

 

Parasympatholytics

MS = Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM /drug eff

UI = D010276

 

Parasympathomimetics

MS = Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM /drug eff

UI = D010277

 

Parasystole

MS = A cardiac arrhythmia caused by the interaction of two foci independently initiating cardiac impulses at different rates. Generally one of the foci is the sinoatrial node (the normal pacemaker) and the ectopic focus is usually in the ventricle, but can occur in the sinus and AV nodes, atrium and ventricle, and AV junction. Each focus - and thus each rhythm - is protected from the influence of the other.

AN = a type of arrhythmia; IM; coord with HEART ATRIUM; HEART VENTRICLE or other site in heart (NIM) if pertinent; sinus parasystole: coord IM with ARRHYTHMIA, SINUS (IM)

UI = D017574

 

Parathion

MS = A highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.

AN = TN 111 for eff on insects

UI = D010278

 

Parathyroid Diseases

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D010279

 

Parathyroid Glands

MS = Two small paired endocrine glands in the region of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.

AN = /surg: consider also PARATHYROIDECTOMY

UI = D010280

 

Parathyroid Hormones

MS = Polypeptide hormones (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the parathyroid glands, which promote release of calcium from bone to extracellular fluid by activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts, indirectly promote increased intestinal absorption of calcium, and promote renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal excretion of phosphates. It is a major regulator of bone metabolism. Secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when the level of calcium in the extracellular fluid is low. Its action is opposed by calcitonin. (Dorland, 28th ed)

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; /defic: consider also HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

UI = D010281

 

Parathyroid Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D010282

 

Parathyroidectomy

MS = Excision of one or both of the parathyroid glands.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition

UI = D016105

 

Paratuberculosis

MS = An infectious disease caused by MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS. Characteristics include chronic debilitation and weight loss.

AN = caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; usually animal; check tag ANIMAL

UI = D010283

 

Paratyphoid Fever

MS = A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.

AN = specify Salmonella paratyphi species if possible (IM)

UI = D010284

 

Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus

MS = Nucleus in the anterior part of the hypothalamus.

AN = in the anterior hypothalamus

UI = D010286

 

Parechovirus

MS = A genus in the family PICORNAVIRIDAE containing one species: Human parechovirus.

AN = infection: coord IM with PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D030061

 

Parent-Child Relations

MS = The interactions between parent and child.

AN = human only; DF: PARENT CHILD RELAT

UI = D010287

 

Parental Consent

MS = Informed consent given by a parent on behalf of a minor or otherwise incompetent child.

UI = D033282

 

Parental Leave

MS = The authorized absence from work of either parent prior to and after the birth of their child. It includes also absence because of the illness of a child or at the time of the adoption of a child. It does not include leave for care of siblings, parents, or other family members: for this FAMILY LEAVE is available.

AN = prenatal & postnatal leave, leave for illness of a child or leave for adoption procedures; do not confuse with FAMILY LEAVE: see MeSH definition

UI = D016524

 

Parental Notification

MS = Reporting to parents or guardians about care to be provided to a minor (MINORS).

UI = D035622

 

Parenteral Nutrition

MS = The administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by enteral feeding alone. Nutrients are administered by a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously).

AN = for nourishment: differentiate from FLUID THERAPY (to replace fluids) or ENTERAL NUTRITION (see note there) or INFUSIONS, PARENTERAL (merely a method of admin drugs & chemicals); do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with dis /ther (IM), not dis /diet ther

UI = D010288

 

Parenteral Nutrition, Home

MS = The at-home administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by enteral feeding alone. Nutrients are administered via a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously).

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: HPN

UI = D016331

 

Parenteral Nutrition, Home Total

MS = The at-home administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient whose sole source of nutrients is via solutions administered intravenously, subcutaneously or by some other non-alimentary route.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with dis /ther (IM), not dis /diet ther; DF: HOME TPN or HTPN

UI = D016562

 

Parenteral Nutrition, Total

MS = The delivery of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient whose sole source of nutrients is via solutions administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or by some other non-alimentary route. The basic components of TPN solutions are protein hydrolysates or free amino acid mixtures, monosaccharides, and electrolytes. Components are selected for their ability to reverse catabolism, promote anabolism, and build structural proteins.

AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with dis /ther (IM), not dis /diet ther; DF: TPN

UI = D010289

 

Parenting

MS = Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.

AN = differentiate from CHILD REARING which emphasizes the upbringing while PARENTING emphasizes the role of the parent: read MeSH definitions but if in doubt use term of author

UI = D016487

 

Parents

MS = Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.

AN = HUMAN only; /psychol: consider also PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; "unwed parent": coord IM with ILLEGITIMACY (IM)

UI = D010290

 

Paresis

MS = A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.

AN = remember that "paresis" is sometimes just "paralysis" in foreign lit; spastic paraparesis = PARAPARESIS, SPASTIC or PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC if caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1

UI = D010291

 

Paresthesia

MS = Subjective cutaneous sensations (e.g., cold, warmth, tingling, pressure, etc.) that are experienced spontaneously in the absence of stimulation.

AN = burning, tingling, prickling sensations go here

UI = D010292

 

Pargyline

MS = A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.

UI = D010293

 

Parietal Bone

AN = fractures: coord PARIETAL BONE /inj (IM) + SKULL FRACTURES (IM); neopl: coord IM with SKULL NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D010294

 

Parietal Cells, Gastric

MS = Cells of the gastric glands which secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

AN = A 11 qualif

UI = D010295

 

Parietal Lobe

MS = Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere.

AN = dis: coord IM with BRAIN DISEASES (IM); neopl: coord IM with BRAIN NEOPLASMS (IM)

UI = D010296

 

Parietaria

MS = A plant genus of the family URTICACEAE which is the most common cause of pollinosis in Mediterranean countries. It is the source of 'allergen Par o I' and of Pollinex used for DESENSITIZATION, IMMUNOLOGIC.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D032403

 

Paris

UI = D010297

 

Parity

MS = The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

AN = human & animal; relation to PREGNANCY: Manual 28.17.4

UI = D010298

 

Parking Facilities

MS = Indoor or outdoor areas designated for the parking of vehicles.

UI = D010299

 

Parkinson Disease

MS = A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

AN = drug ther: consider also ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; /chem ind = PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY/chem ind

UI = D010300

 

Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic

MS = Parkinsonism following encephalitis, historically seen as a sequella of encephalitis lethargica (Von Economo Encephalitis). The early age of onset, the rapid progression of symptoms followed by stabilization, and the presence of a variety of other neurological disorders (e.g., sociopathic behavior; TICS, MUSCLE SPASMS; oculogyric crises; hyperphagia; and bizarre movements) distinguish this condition from primary PARKINSON DISEASE. Pathologic features include neuronal loss and gliosis concentrated in the MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMUS; and HYPOTHALAMUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p754)

AN = DF: PARKINSON DIS POSTENCEPH

UI = D010301

 

Parkinson Disease, Secondary

MS = Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)

AN = /chem ind permitted: coord IM with drug /adv eff-pois-tox (IM); coord IM with other cause (IM)

UI = D010302

 

Parkinsonian Disorders

MS = A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.

AN = Gen: prefer specifics; do not confuse X ref RAMSAY HUNT PARALYSIS SYNDROME with RAMSAY HUNT AURICULAR SYNDROME see HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS or RAMSAY HUNT CEREBELLAR SYNDROME see MYOCLONIC CEREBELLAR DYSSYNERGIA

UI = D020734

 

Paromomycin

MS = An oligosaccharide antibiotic produced by various Streptomyces.

UI = D010303

 

Paronychia

MS = An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)

AN = infect dis of skin surrounding nail; coord IM with specific infect (IM)

UI = D010304

 

Parotid Diseases

AN = inflamm dis = PAROTITIS

UI = D010305

 

Parotid Gland

AN = inflammation = PAROTITIS

UI = D010306

 

Parotid Neoplasms

MS = Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.

AN = coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)

UI = D010307

 

Parotid Region

MS = The region of the face on either side, around the PAROTID GLAND.

UI = D035421

 

Parotin

AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D010308

 

Parotitis

MS = Inflammation of the parotid gland.

AN = inflamm of parotid gland; in translations use "parotitis", not "parotiditis" despite form of vernac

UI = D010309

 

Parovarian Cyst

MS = A cyst of the epoophoron or parovarium, a vestigial structure associated with the ovary, consisting of a more cranial group of mesonephric tubules and a corresponding portion of the mesonephric duct. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted

UI = D010310

 

Paroxetine

MS = A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.

UI = D017374

 

Parrots

MS = Birds widely distributed in tropical regions and having a distinctive stout curved cered hooked bill whose upper mandible is movably hinged to the skull. Parrots are often crested and highly variegated and are excellent mimics. They often readily learn to simulate laughter and crying and to enunciate words and phrases. (Webster, 3d ed)

AN = IM; qualif permitted

UI = D010311

 

Pars Planitis

MS = Form of granulomatous uveitis occurring in the region of the pars plana. This disorder is a common condition with no detectable focal pathology. It causes fibrovascular proliferation at the inferior ora serrata.

AN = a type of uveitis

UI = D015868

 

Parthenogenesis

UI = D010312

 

Partial Pressure

AN = NIM; no qualif

UI = D010313

 

Partial Thromboplastin Time

MS = Test of the intrinsic (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and common (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) pathways of coagulation in which a mixture of plasma and phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides) is recalcified and the time required for the appearance of fibrin strands measured. Activation may be provided by contact with the glass tube or exposure to activators (e.g., ellagic acid, particulate silicates such as diatomaceous earth or kaolin) before addition of the calcium chloride. It is used as a screening test and to monitor heparin therapy.

AN = NIM; DF: PTT

UI = D010314

 

Particle Accelerators

MS = Devices which accelerate electrically charged atomic or subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons or ions, to high velocities so they have high kinetic energy.

AN = CYCLOTRONS & SYNCHROTRONS are also available

UI = D010315

 

Particle Size

AN = NIM; no qualif

UI = D010316

 

Partnership Practice

MS = A voluntary contract between two or more doctors who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses.

AN = coord IM with med or other specialty (IM); do not confuse with GROUP PRACTICE but do not interpret: use word of text

UI = D010317

 

Partnership Practice, Dental

MS = A voluntary contract between two or more dentists who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses.

AN = coord IM with specific dent specialty (IM); do not confuse with GROUP PRACTICE, DENTAL but do not interpret: use word of text; DF: PARTNERSHIP PRACTICE DENT

UI = D010318

 

Parturient Paresis

MS = A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. The disease, which is characterized by hypocalcemia, occurs at or shortly after parturition in cows and within weeks before or after parturition in ewes.

AN = animal only, exper or vet; in cows & ewes: check tags ANIMAL + FEMALE + PREGNANCY & don't forget CATTLE DISEASES (IM) + CATTLE (NIM) or SHEEP DISEASES (IM) + SHEEP (NIM)

UI = D010319

 

Parturition

MS = The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.

UI = D036801

 

Parvalbumins

MS = Low molecular weight, calcium binding muscle proteins. Their physiological function is possibly related to the contractile process.

AN = muscle proteins; /biosyn /physiol permitted

UI = D010320

 

Parvoviridae

MS = A family of very small DNA viruses containing a single linear molecule of single-stranded DNA and consisting of two subfamilies: PARVOVIRINAE and DENSOVIRINAE. They infect both vertebrates and invertebrates.

AN = infection = PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS

UI = D010321

 

Parvoviridae Infections

MS = Virus infections caused by the PARVOVIRIDAE.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D010322

 

Parvovirinae

MS = A subfamily of DNA vertebrate viruses, in the family PARVOVIRIDAE. There are three genera: PARVOVIRUS; ERYTHROVIRUS; and DEPENDOVIRUS.

AN = a subfamily of the family Parvoviridae; infection: coord IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D019219

 

Parvovirus

MS = A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, infecting a variety of vertebrates including humans. Parvoviruses are responsible for a number of important diseases but also can be non-pathogenic in certain hosts. The type species is MICE MINUTE VIRUS.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; infection: coord IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D017992

 

Parvovirus B19, Human

MS = The type species of ERYTHROVIRUS and the etiological agent of ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM, a disease most commonly seen in school-age children.

AN = infection = probably ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM but if not so specified, coord IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D016732

 

Parvovirus, Canine

MS = A species of the genus PARVOVIRUS and a host range variant of feline parvovirus (PARVOVIRUS, FELINE). It causes a highly infectious fulminating enteritis in dogs producing high mortality. It is distinct from minute virus of canines, another parvovirus which is sometimes also called canine parvovirus.

AN = infection: coord IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D017993

 

Parvovirus, Feline

MS = A species of PARVOVIRUS chiefly affecting young cats in endemic areas, but all felines are susceptible.

AN = infection: coord IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D005255

 

Parvovirus, Porcine

MS = A species of PARVOVIRUS causing reproductive failure in pigs.

AN = infection: coord IM with PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)

UI = D028323

 

Paspalum

MS = A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is used for forage.

AN = X ref MILLET, KUDO: other millet terms are also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031781

 

Passiflora

MS = A plant genus of the family Passifloraceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are vines with ornamental flowers and edible fruit.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D029598

 

Passifloraceae

MS = A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are herbaceous or woody vines, shrubs, and trees, mostly of warm regions. Many have tendrils in leaf axils. Leaves are alternate. Flowers have 3-5 sepals, petals and stamens. Nearly all species have seeds that bear a fleshy appendage called an aril.

AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D031683

 

Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis

MS = An evanescent cutaneous reaction occurring when antibody is injected into a local area on the skin and antigen is subsequently injected intravenously along with a dye. The dye makes the rapidly occurring capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability readily visible by leakage into the reaction site. PCA is a sensitive reaction for detecting very small quantities of antibodies and is also a method for studying the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity.

UI = D010323

 

Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder

MS = A personality disorder characterized by an indirect resistance to demands for adequate social and occupational performance; anger and opposition to authority and the expectations of others that is expressed covertly by obstructionism, procrastination, stubbornness, dawdling, forgetfulness, and intentional inefficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed)

UI = D010324

 

Pasteurella

MS = The oldest recognized genus of the family PASTEURELLACEAE. It consists of several species. Its organisms occur most frequently as coccobacillus or rod-shaped and are gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Species of this genus are found in both animals and humans.

AN = infection = PASTEURELLA INFECTIONS or its specifics

UI = D010325

 

Pasteurella Infections

MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus PASTEURELLA.

AN = gram-neg bact infect; GEN; prefer specifics

UI = D010326

 

Pasteurella multocida

MS = A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of the mouth and respiratory tract of animals and birds. It causes shipping fever (see PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC); HEMORRHAGIC BACTEREMIA; and intestinal disease in animals. In humans, disease usually arises from a wound infection following a bite or scratch from domesticated animals.

AN = infection: coord IM with PASTEURELLA INFECTIONS (IM) or specific indentions (IM) if pertinent

UI = D016979

 

Pasteurellaceae

MS = A family of coccoid to rod-shaped nonsporeforming, gram-negative, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that includes the genera ACTINOBACILLUS; HAEMOPHILUS; and PASTEURELLA.

UI = D015661

 

Pasteurellaceae Infections

MS = Infections with bacteria of the family PASTEURELLACEAE.

AN = gram-neg bact infect; GEN: avoid, prefer specifics; DF: PASTEURELLACEAE INFECT

UI = D016871

 

Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic

MS = Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to cattle recently transported. It is thought to be caused by infection with the bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (see RESPIROVIRUS) or one of several other respiratory viruses, followed by infection with either PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA or MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA.

AN = usually in cattle; caused by bovine parainfluenza virus 3 followed by Pasteurella multocida or Mannheimia haemolytica infect: coord with PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA (IM) or MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA (IM) only if particularly discussed; check tag ANIMAL; if in cow, coord IM with CATTLE (NIM) but not CATTLE DISEASES; if in animal other than cow, coord IM with precoord animal/dis term (IM) + animal (NIM) or animal (IM) in absence of precoord

UI = D012766

 

Pastinaca

MS = A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The roots are used as food.

AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

UI = D028529

 

Pastoral Care

MS = Counseling or comfort given by ministers, priests, rabbis, etc., to those in need of help with emotional problems or stressful situations.

AN = SPEC: SPEC qualif

UI = D010327

 

Patch Tests

MS = Skin tests in which the sensitizer is applied to a patch of cotton cloth or gauze held in place for approximately 48-72 hours. It is used for the elicitation of a contact hypersensitivity reaction.

AN = a type of skin test

UI = D010328

 

Patch-Clamp Techniques

MS = An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

AN = a cytol technique for removing a tiny patch of plasma membrane; NIM

UI = D018408

 

Patella

MS = The flat, triangular bone situated at the anterior part of the KNEE.

AN = /inj permitted: do not convert to KNEE INJURIES

UI = D010329

 

Patellar Dislocation

MS = Displacement of the PATELLA from the femoral groove.

AN = do not confuse with KNEE DISLOCATION, which is slippage of the femur off the tibia

UI = D031222

 

Patellar Ligament

MS = The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA.

AN = an artic ligament between patella & tibia: do not confuse with MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT, KNEE, between tibia & femur

UI = D017847

 

Patents

MS = Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.

AN = IM

UI = D010330

 

Patents [Publication Type]

MS = Works consisting of documents granted by a government giving exclusive rights to an inventor or assignee to manufacture, use, or sell an invention for a certain number of years.

UI = D020490

 

Paternal Age

MS = Age of the father.

AN = no qualif

UI = D010331

 

Paternal Behavior

MS = The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a father.

AN = human & animal

UI = D010332

 

Paternal Deprivation

MS = Prolonged separation of the offspring from the father.

AN = human & animal

UI = D010333

 

Paternal Exposure

MS = Exposure of the male parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring.

AN = restrict to exposure to environ or environ factors

UI = D018812

 

Paternalism

MS = Interference with the FREEDOM or PERSONAL AUTONOMY of another person, with justifications referring to the promotion of the person's good or the prevention of harm to the person. (from Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 1995); more generally, not allowing a person to make decisions on his or her own behalf.

AN = do not confuse with FATHERS or PATERNITY

UI = D026706

 

Paternity

MS = Establishing the father relationship of a man and a child.

AN = no qualif

UI = D010334

 

Pathologic Processes

MS = The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs.

AN = not used for indexing; DF: PATHOL PROCESSES CATALOG: do not use

UI = D010335

 

Pathological Conditions, Anatomical

MS = An abnormal structural condition of the human body, usually macroscopic, that is common to a variety of different diseases.

AN = not to be used for indexing or cataloging

UI = D020763

 

Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

MS = Abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions and objective or subjective manifestations of disease, not classified as disease or syndrome.

AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use

UI = D013568

 

Pathology

MS = A specialty concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

AN = SPEC only: SPEC qualif; prefer /pathol with organs & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.52; definition of /pathol applicable to PATHOLOGY: Manual 21.22+, 23.15; "postmortem pathol": consider AUTOPSY or CADAVER or merely /pathol; DF: PATHOL

UI = D010336

 

Pathology Department, Hospital

MS = Hospital department which administers and provides pathology services.

AN = DF: PATHOL DEP

UI = D010337

 

Pathology, Clinical

MS = A subspecialty of pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems, especially the use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

AN = SPEC only: do not use as NIM coord: use /pathol with organs & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.52; DF: PATHOL CLIN

UI = D010338

 

Pathology, Oral

MS = A dental specialty concerned with pathology of the oral cavity.

AN = SPEC only: SPEC qualif; not for MOUTH /pathol nor MOUTH DISEASES; DF: PATHOL ORAL

UI = D010339

 

Pathology, Surgical

MS = A field of anatomical pathology in which living tissue is surgically removed for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment.

AN = SPEC only: SPEC qualif; DF: PATHOL SURG

UI = D010340

 

Pathology, Veterinary

MS = The field of veterinary medicine concerned with the causes of and changes produced in the body by disease.

AN = SPEC only; SPEC qualif; not a substitute for /pathol of organs or dis in vet animals nor for ANIMAL DISEASES or specific animal dis; DF: PATHOL VET

UI = D010341

 

Patient Acceptance of Health Care

MS = The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

AN = DF: PATIENT ACCEPT

UI = D010342

 

Patient Access to Records

MS = The freedom of patients to review their own medical, genetic, or other health-related records.

UI = D033283

 

Patient Admission

MS = The process of accepting patients. The concept includes patients accepted for medical and nursing care in a hospital or other health care institution.

UI = D010343

 

Patient Advocacy

MS = Promotion and protection of the rights of patients, frequently through a legal process.

UI = D010344

 

Patient Care

MS = The services rendered by members of the health profession and non-professionals under their supervision for the benefit of the patient. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p269)

AN = by professional & non-professional; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; not a synonym for NURSING CARE: nursing care is only one type of patient care

UI = D005791

 

Patient Care Management

MS = Generating, planning, organizing, and administering medical and nursing care and services for patients.

AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics

UI = D010346

 

Patient Care Planning

MS = Usually a written medical and nursing care program designed for a particular patient.

AN = for individual patient: do not confuse with PATIENT-CENTERED CARE which is institutional & admin management

UI = D010347

 

Patient Care Team

MS = Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

AN = consider also NURSING, TEAM

UI = D010348

 

Patient Compliance

MS = Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.

AN = for non-compliance, note PATIENT NONCOMPLIANCE see TREATMENT REFUSAL

UI = D010349

 

Patient Credit and Collection

MS = Accounting procedures for determining credit status and methods of obtaining payment.

AN = DF: PATIENT CREDIT

UI = D010350

 

Patient Discharge

MS = The administrative process of discharging the patient, live or dead, from hospitals or other health facilities.

UI = D010351

 

Patient Dropouts

UI = D010352

 

Patient Education

MS = The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.

AN = IM; DF: PATIENT EDUC

UI = D010353

 

Patient Education Handout [Publication Type]

MS = Works consisting of a handout or self-contained informative material used to explain a procedure or a condition or the contents of a specific article in a biomedical journal and written in non-technical language for the patient or consumer.

UI = D029282

 

Patient Escort Service

MS = A special service provided by volunteers to accompany patients who need help in moving about the health facility.

AN = DF: PATIENT ESCORT SERV

UI = D010354

 

Patient Freedom of Choice Laws

MS = Laws requiring patients under managed care programs to receive services from the physician or other provider of their choice. Any willing provider laws take many different forms, but they typically prohibit managed-care organizations from having a closed panel of physicians, hospitals, or other providers.

UI = D020403

 

Patient Identification Systems

MS = Organized procedures for establishing patient identity, including use of bracelets, etc.

AN = DF: PATIENT ID SYSTEMS

UI = D010355

 

Patient Isolation

MS = The segregation of patients with communicable or other diseases for a specified time. Isolation may be strict, in which movement and social contacts are limited; modified, where an effort to control specified aspects of care is made in order to prevent cross infection; or reverse, where the patient is secluded in a controlled or germ-free environment in order to protect him or her from cross infection.

AN = do not confuse with PATIENT ISOLATORS; DF: PATIENT ISOL

UI = D010356

 

Patient Isolators

MS = Equipment used to prevent contamination of and by patients, especially those with bacterial infections. This includes plastic surgical isolators and isolators used to protect immunocompromised patients.

AN = DF: do NOT shorten: short form can be confused with PATIENT ISOL for PATIENT ISOLATION

UI = D010357

 

Patient Participation

MS = Patient involvement in the decision-making process in matters pertaining to health.

AN = "patient involvement in the decision-making process in matters pertaining to health"; do not confuse with PATIENT COMPLIANCE (see note there)

UI = D010358

 

Patient Readmission

MS = Subsequent admissions of a patient to a hospital or other health care institution for treatment.

UI = D010359

 

Patient Rights

MS = Fundamental claims of patients, as expressed in statutes, declarations,