Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
U
RETURN TO INDEX U937 Cells
MS = A human cell line established from a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and displaying many monocytic characteristics. It serves as an in vitro model for monocyte/macrophage differentiation.
AN = almost never IM; no qualif when NIM; check HUMAN and do not add LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, DIFFUSE
UI = D020298
Ubiquinol-Cytochrome-c Reductase
MS = An 11-subunit enzyme complex that acts as an electron transferring protein in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The enzyme complex catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubiquinone and ferrocytochrome c in the presence of ferricytochrome c. It contains cytochromes b-562, b-566, and c1 as well as an iron ferredoxin. EC 1.10.2.2.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D014450
Ubiquinone
MS = A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in electron transport in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.
UI = D014451
Ubiquitin
MS = A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.
AN = UBIQUITINS
UI = D025801
Ubiquitin C
MS = A single protein comprised of tandem repeats of the UBIQUITIN 78 amino acid sequence. It is a product of the polyubiquitin gene which contains multiple copies of the ubiquitin coding sequence. Proteolytic processing of ubiquitin C results in the formation of individual ubiquitin molecules. This protein is distinct from POLYUBIQUITIN, which is a protein formed through isopeptide linkage of multiple ubiquitin species.
UI = D025822
Ubiquitins
MS = A family of proteins that are structurally-related to Ubiquitin. Ubiquitins and ubiquitin-like proteins participate in diverse cellular functions, such as protein degradation and HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE, by conjugation to other proteins.
AN = UBIQUITIN is available
UI = D014452
UDPglucose 4-Epimerase
MS = A necessary enzyme in the metabolism of galactose. It reversibly catalyzes the conversion of UDPglucose to UDPgalactose. NAD+ is an essential component for enzymatic activity. EC 5.1.3.2.
UI = D014534
UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of UMP from UDPglucose to galactose 1-phosphate, forming UDPgalactose and glucose 1-phosphate. Deficiency in this enzyme is the major cause of GALACTOSEMIA. EC 2.7.7.12.
AN = /defic: consider GALACTOSEMIAS; DF: note short X ref
UI = D006599
Uganda
MS = A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and east of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala. In 1894 it was formally proclaimed a British protectorate but became independent in 1966. Its name is Swahili, u, land + Ganda, the name of its indigenous people, the land of the Ganda. The origin of their name is unknown. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1992, p1244 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p562)
AN = a republic in eastern Africa
UI = D014454
Ukraine
AN = no change in English spelling in pre-Soviet, Soviet or post- Soviet translations
UI = D014455
Ulcer
MS = A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.
AN = coord IM with organ/dis precoord (IM) but note specific precoord ulcer terms; RODENT ULCER see CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL is available; stress ulcer: index under PEPTIC ULCER or specific (IM) + STRESS or STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL (IM)
UI = D014456
Ulex
MS = A plant genus of the family FABACEAE (sometimes classified as PAPILIONACEAE). Members contain LECTINS.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D039762
Ulmaceae
MS = A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. Members are trees and shrubs of temperate regions that have watery sap and alternate leaves which are lopsided at the base. The flowers lack petals.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D034401
Ulmus
MS = A plant genus of the family ULMACEAE that is susceptible to Dutch elm disease which is caused by the ASCOMYCOTA fungus, Ophiostoma.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D034403
Ulna
AN = fracture = ULNA FRACTURES
UI = D014457
Ulna Fractures
MS = Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.
UI = D014458
Ulnar Artery
MS = The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, beginning about one centimeter distal to the bend of the elbow. Like the RADIAL ARTERY, its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to their locations in the forearm, wrist, and hand.
AN = diseases: coord IM with PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES (IM)
UI = D017535
Ulnar Nerve
MS = A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.
AN = dis = ULNAR NEUROPATHY; neopl = ULNAR NEUROPATHY (IM) + PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS (IM) + histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D014459
Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes
MS = Ulnar neuropathies caused by mechanical compression of the nerve at any location from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its terminations in the hand. Common sites of compression include the retroepicondylar groove, cubital tunnel at the elbow (CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME), and Guyon's canal at the wrist. Clinical features depend on the site of injury, but may include weakness or paralysis of wrist flexion, finger flexion, and ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and impaired sensation over the ulnar aspect of the hand, fifth finger, and ulnar half of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)
UI = D017769
Ulnar Neuropathies
MS = Disease involving the ULNAR NERVE from its origin in the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical manifestations may include PARESIS or PARALYSIS of wrist flexion, finger flexion, thumb adduction, finger abduction, and finger adduction. Sensation over the medial palm, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger may also be impaired. Common sites of injury include the AXILLA, cubital tunnel at the ELBOW, and Guyon's canal at the wrist. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51 pp43-5)
UI = D020424
Ultimobranchial Body
MS = A diverticulum from the fourth pharyngeal pouch of an embryo, regarded by some as a rudimentary fifth pharyngeal pouch and by others as a lateral thyroid primordium. The ultimobranchial bodies of lower vertebrates contain large amounts of calcitonin. In mammals the bodies fuse with the thyroid gland and are thought to develop into the parafollicular cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = embryonic structure in animals; /embryol permitted but consider other qualif
UI = D014460
Ultracentrifugation
MS = Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
AN = an anal chem technique; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; NIM
UI = D014461
Ultrafiltration
MS = The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).
AN = NIM; ultrafilt of blood is indexed under HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION if combined with hemodialysis
UI = D014462
Ultrasonic Therapy
MS = The use of focused, high-frequency sound waves to produce local hyperthermia in certain diseased or injured parts of the body or to destroy the diseased tissue.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord with dis /ther, not dis /radiother
UI = D014464
Ultrasonics
MS = That part of the science of acoustics dealing with the frequency range beyond the upper limit of perception by the human ear (beyond 20,000 hertz per second), but usually restricted to frequencies above 500,000 hertz per second. Ultrasonic radiation is injurious to tissues because of its thermal effects when absorbed by living matter, but in controlled doses it is used therapeutically to selectively break down tissues, as in treatment of arthritis and lesions of the nervous system, and also as a diagnostic aid by visually displaying echoes received from irradiated tissues, as in echocardiography and echoencephalography. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = /adv eff permitted but consider also ULTRASONOGRAPHY /adv eff & ULTRASONIC THERAPY /adv eff; ultrasonic or sonographic imaging of organs is organ /ultrasonogr
UI = D014465
Ultrasonography
MS = The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.
AN = GEN only; prefer /ultrasonogr with organs & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.77; ultrasonic or sonographic imaging of organs is organ /ultrasonogr; X ref ECHOTOMOGRAPHY is seen in foreign lit: if so, use "ultrasonography" or "ultrasonic diagnosis" or "ultrasonic imaging" in translations & not "echotomography"; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY & ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER & ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY are also available; DF: ULTRASONOGR
UI = D014463
Ultrasonography, Doppler
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER
UI = D018608
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER COLOR
UI = D018615
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER DUPLEX
UI = D018616
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed
MS = Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER PULSED
UI = D018617
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
MS = A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.
AN = /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR DOPPLER TRANSCRANIAL
UI = D017585
Ultrasonography, Interventional
MS = Ultrasonography using invasive or surgical procedures. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: ULTRASONOGR INTERVENTIONAL
UI = D018084
Ultrasonography, Mammary
MS = Use of ultrasound for imaging the breast. The most frequent application is the diagnosis of neoplasms of the female breast.
AN = check tag usually FEMALE; DF: ULTRASONOGR MAMMARY
UI = D016217
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
MS = The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
AN = coord IM with specific fetal anat, physiol or other clin feature (IM); if on mother, coord IM with specific maternal aspect (IM); check tags FEMALE & PREGNANCY; DF: ULTRASONOGR PRENATAL
UI = D016216
Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal
MS = Tissue ablation of the PROSTATE performed by ultrasound from a transducer placed in the RECTUM. The procedure is used to treat prostate cancer (PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA).
AN = DF: TRANSRECTAL HIFU
UI = D036761
Ultraviolet Rays
MS = That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
AN = non-ionizing but short-wave UV is ionizing; black light goes here or under INFRARED RAYS depending on text but unspecified, index here
UI = D014466
Ultraviolet Therapy
MS = The use of ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation in the treatment of disease, usually of the skin. This is the part of the sun's spectrum that causes sunburn and tanning. Ultraviolet A, used in PUVA, is closer to visible light and less damaging than Ultraviolet B, which is ionizing.
AN = non-ionizing but short-wave UV is ionizing; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord with dis /radiother, not dis /ther; do not index here for ultraviolet ther in PUVA THERAPY unless particularly discussed
UI = D014467
Umbelliferones
MS = 7-Hydroxycoumarins. Substances present in many plants, especially umbelliferae. Umbelliferones are used in sunscreen preparations and may be mutagenic. Their derivatives are used in liver therapy, as reagents, plant growth factors, sunscreens, insecticides, parasiticides, choleretics, spasmolytics, etc.
AN = /biosyn permitted if by plant
UI = D014468
Umbellularia
MS = A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree, Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., is known for aromatic leaves used in SPICES having a similar flavor to LAURUS.
AN = do not confuse X ref BAY LAUREL, CALIFORNIA with BAY LAUREL see LAURUS; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027422
Umbilical Arteries
MS = Either of a pair of arteries originating from the internal iliac artery and passing through the umbilical cord to carry blood from the fetus to the placenta.
UI = D014469
Umbilical Cord
MS = The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or fetus to the placenta.
AN = cord blood = UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD see FETAL BLOOD
UI = D014470
Umbilical Veins
MS = Veins which carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta and which are obliterated in the first few days after birth.
UI = D014471
Umbilicus
MS = The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fetus.
UI = D014472
Umbridae
MS = A family of ESOCIFORMES comprising the mudminnows. There are three genera: Dallia, Novumbra, and Umbra, with much disagreement about their taxonomic interrelations. The Umbridae are freshwater fish inhabiting parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
AN = note X ref; MINNOWS see CYPRINIDAE is also available
UI = D017877
Uncaria
MS = A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain uncarine and other cytotoxic and hypotensive oxindole alkaloids.
AN = UNCARIA PROCUMBENS see HARPAGOPHYTUM is also available; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D032070
Uncertainty
MS = The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.
UI = D035501
Uncompensated Care
MS = Medical services for which no payment is received. Uncompensated care includes charity care and bad debts.
AN = absence of payment to physician, dentist, other health professional, hosp; includes lack of compensation in pro bono work & charity care & as a result of bad debts
UI = D017664
Unconscious (Psychology)
MS = Those forces and content of the mind which are not ordinarily available to conscious awareness or to immediate recall.
AN = no qualif; "the unconscious" or unconscious behavior: do not confuse with UNCONSCIOUSNESS, the physiol loss of consciousness; DF: UNCONSCIOUS
UI = D014473
Unconsciousness
MS = Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)
AN = do not confuse with UNCONSCIOUS (PSYCHOLOGY), unconscious behavior or "the unconscious" in psychol
UI = D014474
Uncoupling Agents
MS = Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
AN = enzyme inhib
UI = D014475
Undecylenic Acids
MS = Salts and derivatives of undecylenic acid.
UI = D014476
Underachievement
MS = Performance, usually in school work, poorer than that predicted from aptitude and/or intelligence testing.
AN = no qualif
UI = D014477
Unedited Footage [Publication Type]
MS = Work consisting of untitled raw motion picture and video footage which has not been edited or assembled into a finished work. (From: Moving Image Materials: Genre Terms, 1988)
AN = publication type only; unedited raw motion picture or video footage; used for historical materials only
UI = D019517
Unemployment
MS = The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation.
UI = D014478
Unified Medical Language System
MS = A research and development program initiated by the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE to build knowledge sources for the purpose of aiding the development of systems that help health professionals retrieve and integrate biomedical information. The knowledge sources can be used to link disparate information systems to overcome retrieval problems caused by differences in terminology and the scattering of relevant information across many databases. The three knowledge sources are the Metathesaurus, the Semantic Network, and the Specialist Lexicon.
AN = CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D017432
Union Lists [Publication Type]
MS = Works consisting of records of the holdings or items owned by two or more libraries.
UI = D020503
Uniparental Disomy
MS = The presence in a cell of two paired chromosomes from the same parent, with no chromosome of that pair from the other parent. This chromosome composition stems from non-disjunction (NONDISJUNCTION, GENETIC) events during MEIOSIS. The disomy may be composed of both homologous chromosomes from one parent (heterodisomy) or a duplicate of one chromosome (isodisomy).
UI = D024182
United Arab Emirates
MS = A federation of seven states on the southeast portion of the Arabian peninsula: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain. In 1820 a treaty of peace was concluded between Great Britain and native rulers. During the 19th century the rulers agreed to suppression of the slave trade and restriction of foreign relations to Great Britain. The Trucial Council was established in 1952 and defense treaties with Great Britain terminated. In 1971 an independent six-member federation was formed, with Ras al-Khaimah joining the federation in 1972. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1250)
AN = 7 states on the southeast Arabian peninsula
UI = D014479
United Nations
MS = An international organization whose members include most of the sovereign nations of the world with headquarters in New York City. The primary objectives of the organization are to maintain peace and security and to achieve international cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian problems.
AN = IM CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014480
United States
AN = do not abbreviate; each state is available as a heading as are several cities; "American" in titles refers probably to UNITED STATES, not AMERICAS; with Amer organizations: Manual 36.16
UI = D014481
United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
MS = An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE established in 1990 to "provide indexing, abstracting, translating, publishing, and other services leading to a more effective and timely dissemination of information on research, demonstration projects, and evaluations with respect to health care to public and private entities and individuals engaged in the improvement of health care delivery..." It supersedes the National Center for Health Services Research. The Uniited States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was renamed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) under the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: AHCPR CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D016270
United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
MS = A component of the Department of Health and Human Services to oversee and direct the Medicare and Medicaid programs and related Federal medical care quality control staffs. Name was changed effective June 14, 2001.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: HCFA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014487
United States Department of Agriculture
MS = A department of the United States Government concerned with improving and maintaining farm income and developing and expanding markets for agricultural products. It also helps landowners in protecting the soil, water, forest, and other natural resources. It carries out rural development and conservation programs. Through inspection and grading services it safeguards and insures standards of quality in food supply and production.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUPPORT; DF: USDA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D016885
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
MS = A division of the Executive Branch of the United States government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to veterans. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP: DF: VA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014493
United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
MS = A department of the United States government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: HHS CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014483
United States Environmental Protection Agency
MS = An agency in the executive branch which endeavors to abate and control pollution in the areas of air, water, solid waste, noise, radiation, and toxic substances.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: EPA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014484
United States Federal Trade Commission
MS = An independent administrative agency concerned with maintaining competitive free enterprise by prohibiting unfair methods of competition and unfair deceptive acts or practices.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER GOVT SUP; DF: FTC CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014485
United States Food and Drug Administration
MS = An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: FDA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014486
United States Government Agencies
MS = Agencies of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT of the United States.
UI = D037041
United States Health Resources and Services Administration
MS = A component of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that provides leadership related to the delivery of health services and the requirements for and distribution of health resources, including manpower training.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: HRSA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014488
United States Indian Health Service
MS = A division of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that is responsible for the public health and the provision of medical services to native American Indian populations in the United States, primarily those residing on reservation lands.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; specify geog if pertinent; DF: IHS CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D016549
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
MS = An independent Federal agency established in 1958. It conducts research for the solution of problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere and develops, constructs, tests, and operates aeronautical and space vehicles. (From U.S. Government Manual, 1993)
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER GOVT SUP; DF: note short X ref CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D018557
United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
MS = An office in the Department of Labor responsible for developing and establishing occupational safety and health standards.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: OSHA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014489
United States Office of Economic Opportunity
MS = A division of the Executive Branch of the United States government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs relative to the provision of opportunities for economic advancement.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: OEO CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014490
United States Office of Research Integrity
MS = An office of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE organized in June 1992 to promote research integrity and investigate misconduct in research supported by the Public Health Service. It consolidates the Office of Scientific Integrity of the National Institutes of Health and the Office of Scientific Integrity Review in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); DF: ORI CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D018172
United States Office of Technology Assessment
MS = An office established to help Congress participate and plan for the consequences of uses of technology. It provided information on both the beneficial and adverse effects of technological applications. The Office of Technology Assessment closed on September 29, 1995.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUP; DF: OTA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014491
United States Public Health Service
MS = A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF:PHS CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014492
United States Social Security Administration
MS = The Social Security Administration administers a national program of contributory social insurance whereby employees, employers, and the self-employed pay contributions that are pooled in special trust funds. When earnings are reduced because of retirement, death, or disability, monthly benefits are paid to partially replace lost earnings. Part of the contributions go into a separate hospital insurance trust fund for workers when they become 65 to provide help with medical expenses. Other programs include the supplemental social security income program for the aged, blind, and disabled and the Old Age Survivors and Disability Insurance Program. SSA became an independent agency March 31, 1995. It had previously been part of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, later the Department of Health and Human Services. (From United States Government Manual, 1994-95)
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as OTHER US GOVT SUPPORT; DF: SSA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D019131
United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
MS = An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to substance abuse and mental health. It is commonly referred to by the acronym SAMHSA. On 1 October 1992, the United States Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) became SAMHSA. (Telephone communication with SAMHSA 7 April 1992)
AN = add UNITED STATES (NIM); research support by this agency is checked as NIH/PHS SUP; DF: SAMHSA CATALOG: use NAF entry
UI = D014482
Unithiol
MS = A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.
AN = D25-26 qualif
UI = D014494
Universal Coverage
MS = Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.
AN = restrict to health insurance; specify geog if pertinent
UI = D019472
Universal Precautions
MS = Prudent standard preventive measures to be taken by professional and other health personnel in contact with persons afflicted with a communicable disease, to avoid contracting the disease by contagion or infection. Precautions are especially applicable in the diagnosis and care of AIDS patients.
AN = restrict to "prudent prev measures" in contacts with patients having communicable dis; IM; coord IM with specific dis /prev (IM)
UI = D016635
Universities
MS = Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.
AN = IM; Manual 30.8, 36.18; specify locale if pertinent; colleges as educ institutions go here: do not confuse with bodies such as "College of Physicians" which are indexed under SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), under US Dept of Defense, goes under SCHOOLS, MEDICAL + UNITED STATES; DF: UNIV
UI = D014495
Unnecessary Procedures
MS = Diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative procedures prescribed and performed by health professionals, the results of which do not justify the benefits or hazards and costs to the patient.
AN = IM; coord with specific procedure (IM) with probably /util
UI = D019564
Unpublished Works [Publication Type]
MS = Works that have not been formally published.
AN = used by special data producers only
UI = D022902
Untranslated Regions
MS = The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product, i.e. the 5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS and 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS.
UI = D020506
Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome
MS = An autosomal recessive condition characterized by recurrent myoclonic and generalized seizures, ATAXIA, slowly progressive intellectual deterioration, dysarthria, and intention tremor. Myoclonic seizures are severe and continuous, and tend to be triggered by movement, stress, and sensory stimuli. The age of onset is between 8 and 13 years, and the condition is relatively frequent in the Baltic region, especially Finland. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp109-110)
UI = D020194
Up-Regulation
MS = A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrance receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
AN = DF: UP REG
UI = D015854
Upper Extremity
MS = The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER.
AN = prefer specifics; Manual 21.58: table of human, primate & non-primate extremities
UI = D034941
Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital
MS = Congenital structural abnormalities of the UPPER EXTREMITY.
UI = D038062
Urachal Cyst
MS = Cyst occurring in a persistent portion of the urachus, presenting as an extraperitoneal mass in the umbilical region. It is characterized by abdominal pain, and fever if infected. It may rupture, leading to peritonitis, or it may drain through the umbilicus.
AN = non-neoplastic; /blood supply /chem /secret /ultrastruct permitted; do not confuse with patent urachus (index under URACHUS /abnorm)
UI = D014496
Urachus
MS = The urinary canal of the fetus; postnatally it is usually a fibrous cord but occasionally persists as a vesicoumbilical fistula.
AN = a fetal canal connecting the bladder with the allantois; patent urachus: index under URACHUS /abnorm: do not confuse with URACHAL CYST
UI = D014497
Uracil
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted; uracil deoxyriboside, uracil deoxyribonucleoside = DEOXYURIDINE; uracil riboside, uracil ribonucleoside = URIDINE
UI = D014498
Uracil Mustard
MS = Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.
UI = D014499
Uracil Nucleotides
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014500
Uranium
MS = Uranium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.
AN = naturally radioactive; IM
UI = D014501
Uranium Compounds
MS = Inorganic compounds that contain uranium as an integral part of the molecule.
AN = inorganic; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; DF: URANIUM CPDS
UI = D017974
Uranus
MS = The seventh planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. It has five known natural satellites.
AN = 7th planet from sun with 5 moons; no qualif
UI = D018540
Uranyl Nitrate
MS = Bis(nitrato-O)dioxouranium. A compound used in photography and the porcelain industry. It causes severe renal insufficiency and renal tubular necrosis in mammals and is an effective lymphocyte mitogen.
AN = used in photography & porcelain indust
UI = D014502
Urate Oxidase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urate and unidentified products. It is a copper protein. The initial products decompose to form allantoin. EC 1.7.3.3.
UI = D014503
Urban Health
MS = The status of health in urban populations.
AN = specify geog
UI = D014504
Urban Health Services
MS = Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.
AN = IM; coord with specific health serv (IM); SUBURBAN HEALTH SERVICES is also available; DF: URBAN HEALTH SERV
UI = D019037
Urban Population
MS = The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
AN = specify geog; URBAN HEALTH & URBAN HEALTH SERVICES are also available
UI = D014505
Urban Renewal
MS = The planned upgrading of a deteriorating urban area, involving rebuilding, renovation, or restoration. It frequently refers to programs of major demolition and rebuilding of blighted areas.
AN = Public Law 89-754; specify locale
UI = D014506
Urbanization
MS = The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
AN = specify geog if pertinent
UI = D014507
Urea
MS = A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
UI = D014508
Ureaplasma
MS = A genus of gram-negative, nonmotile bacteria which are common parasitic inhabitants of the urogenital tracts of humans, cattle, dogs, and monkeys.
AN = infection = UREAPLASMA INFECTIONS
UI = D014509
Ureaplasma Infections
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus UREAPLASMA.
AN = gram-neg bact infect; DF: UREAPLASMA INFECT
UI = D016869
Ureaplasma urealyticum
MS = A species of gram-negative bacteria found in the human genitourinary tract (UROGENITAL SYSTEM), oropharynx, and anal canal. Serovars 1, 3, 6, and 14 have been reclassed into a separate species UREAPLASMA parvum.
AN = infection: coord IM with UREAPLASMA INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D016990
Urease
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea and water to carbon dioxide and ammonia. EC 3.5.1.5.
UI = D014510
Uremia
AN = azotemia in foreign lit means often UREMIA & often BLOOD UREA NITROGEN
UI = D014511
Ureohydrolases
UI = D014512
Ureter
MS = One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the KIDNEY PELVIS to the BLADDER.
AN = do not confuse with URETHRA, espec in Romance lang: uretère (French), uréter (Span), uretere (Ital) = URETER, while urètre (French), uretra (Span), uretra (Ital) = URETHRA; /surg: consider URETEROSTOMY & URINARY DIVERSION (TN 189: probably do not index under URETER); ureteral catheterization: coord NIM with URINARY CATHETERIZATION (IM)
UI = D014513
Ureteral Calculi
MS = Calculi of the ureter, usually the result of the passage of one originating in the kidney. It occurs usually in mid-life, rarely in children; and is more frequent in males than females. (From CMIT, 5th ed)
AN = chem composition of caclculi use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D014514
Ureteral Diseases
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL DISEASES, espec in Romance lang: urétéral (French), ureteral (Span), ureterale (Ital) = "ureteral", while urétral (French), uretral (Span), uretrale (Ital) = "urethral"
UI = D014515
Ureteral Neoplasms
MS = Cancer or tumors of the URETER. Hematuria, which occurs in 75% of patients with ureteral carcinoma, is the most common presenting symptom. The most common site for the occurrence of a ureteral tumor is in the lower third of the URETER, with a lesser incidence higher up.
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL NEOPLASMS, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D014516
Ureteral Obstruction
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES
UI = D014517
Ureterocele
MS = Cystic dilatation of the ureter with ballooning of the ureteral orifice into the lumen of the bladder.
AN = cystic dilat of ureter
UI = D014518
Ureteroscopes
MS = Endoscopes for examining the interior of the ureter.
UI = D020709
Ureteroscopy
MS = Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the ureter.
UI = D018666
Ureterostomy
MS = Surgical formation of an opening in the ureter for external drainage of the urine; cutaneous route utilizes a ureteral orifice emerging through the skin.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D014519
Urethane
MS = Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.
AN = POLYURETHANES is available
UI = D014520
Urethra
AN = do not confuse with URETER, espec in Romance lang: see note on URETER; inflammation = URETHRITIS
UI = D014521
Urethral Diseases
AN = do not confuse with URETERAL DISEASES, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; inflamm dis = URETHRITIS
UI = D014522
Urethral Neoplasms
MS = Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. This condition is relatively uncommon and is the only cancer of the urinary system that has a higher incidence rate in females than males. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent histologic type.
AN = do not confuse with URETERAL NEOPLASMS, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D014523
Urethral Obstruction
MS = Obstruction anywhere along the urethra.
AN = do not confuse with URETERAL OBSTRUCTION, espec in Romance lang: see note on "ureteral" & "urethral" under URETERAL DISEASES; URETHRAL STRICTURE is also available
UI = D014524
Urethral Stricture
AN = do not confuse with URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION
UI = D014525
Urethritis
MS = Inflammation of the urethra. (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = inflamm of the urethra
UI = D014526
Urginea
MS = A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains bufadienolides (BUFANOLIDES). The common name of squill is also used for SCILLA.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031448
Uric Acid
UI = D014527
Uricosuric Agents
MS = Gout suppressants that act directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma.
UI = D014528
Uridine
AN = /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014529
Uridine Diphosphate
MS = A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.
UI = D014530
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.
UI = D014531
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose
MS = A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.
UI = D014532
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.
AN = DF: note short X ref
UI = D014533
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.
UI = D014535
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.
UI = D014536
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
MS = Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.
UI = D014537
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid
MS = A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.
UI = D014538
Uridine Diphosphate Sugars
UI = D014539
Uridine Diphosphate Xylose
MS = The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.
UI = D014540
Uridine Kinase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to uridine 5'-phosphate and cytidine 5'-phosphate, respectively. ATP, dUTP, dGTP, and dATP are effective phosphate donors. EC 2.7.1.48.
UI = D014541
Uridine Monophosphate
MS = 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.
UI = D014542
Uridine Phosphorylase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of ribose from uridine to orthophosphate, forming uracil and ribose 1-phosphate. EC 2.4.2.3.
UI = D014543
Uridine Triphosphate
MS = Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.
UI = D014544
Urinalysis
MS = Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.
AN = GEN only; for urinalysis of specific substances in the urine prefer /urine
UI = D016482
Urinary Calculi
MS = Calculi in any part of the urinary tract. According to their composition or pattern of chemical composition distribution, urinary calculi types may include alternating or combination, cystine, decubitus, encysted, fibrin, hemp seed, matrix, mulberry, oxalate, struvite, urostealith, and xanthic calculi.
AN = GEN or unspecified; consider BLADDER CALCULI; KIDNEY CALCULI; URETERAL CALCULI; chem composition of calculi: use /chem; /ultrastruct permitted
UI = D014545
Urinary Catheterization
MS = Employment or passage of a catheter into the bladder (urethral c.) or kidney (ureteral c.) for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition; coord IM with specific site (NIM) if pertinent; DF: URINARY CATH
UI = D014546
Urinary Diversion
MS = Temporary or permanent diversion of the flow of urine through the ureter away from the bladder in the presence of a bladder disease or after cystectomy. There is a variety of techniques: direct anastomosis of ureter and bowel, cutaneous ureterostomy, ileal, jejunal or colon conduit, ureterosigmoidostomy, etc. (From Campbell's Urology, 6th ed, p2654)
AN = GEN or unspecified; note specifics in tree; if not in tree, coord IM with organ /surg (NIM); TN 189: do not coord with URETER; Manual 26.17.1; do not use /util except by MeSH defintion
UI = D014547
Urinary Fistula
MS = An abnormal passage in any organ of the urinary tract or between urinary organs and other organs.
AN = GEN or unspecified; coord IM with pre-coord urinary organ/diseases (IM); fistula policy: Manual 23.19+; BLADDER FISTULA & VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA are available
UI = D014548
Urinary Incontinence
UI = D014549
Urinary Incontinence, Stress
MS = The involuntary discharge of urine as a result of anatomic displacement which exerts an opening pull on the bladder orifice. It often occurs during coughing or other forceful stresses. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = stress refers to coughing, sneezing & other forces
UI = D014550
Urinary Plasminogen Activator
MS = A proteolytic enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin where the preferential cleavage is between arginine and valine. It was isolated originally from human urine, but is found in most tissues of most vertebrates. EC 3.4.21.73.
AN = DF: U-PA
UI = D014568
Urinary Reservoirs, Continent
MS = Structures which collect and store urine and are emptied by catheterization of a cutaneous stoma or internal diversion to the urethra. The reservoirs are surgically created during procedures for urinary diversion.
AN = to collect & store urine after urinary diversion surg; do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D016476
Urinary Retention
MS = Inability to urinate. The etiology of this disorder includes obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and psychogenic causes.
AN = inability to urinate caused by obstruction, drugs or psychogenic or neurogenic dis: do not confuse with ANURIA, total suppression of urine secretion by the kidneys
UI = D016055
Urinary Sphincter, Artificial
MS = An artifical implanted device, usually in the form of an inflatable silicone cuff, inserted in or around the bladder neck in the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence caused by sphincter weakness. Often it is placed around the bulbous urethra in adult males. The artificial urinary sphincter is considered an alternative to urinary diversion.
AN = /psychol permitted
UI = D016741
Urinary Tract
AN = GEN: prefer specific organ; /radiogr = UROGRAPHY but for general only: prefer /radiogr with specific organs of the urinary tract; /surg: consider also UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; dis = UROLOGIC DISEASES; neopl = UROLOGIC NEOPLASMS but prefer specifics
UI = D014551
Urinary Tract Infections
MS = Infections affecting those structures of the body which participate in the secretion and elimination of urine, i.e., the kidney, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
AN = infection in any organ of the urinary tract; GEN or unspecified; prefer specific organ/diseases coord with infection term; /drug ther: consider also ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, URINARY
UI = D014552
Urinary Tract Physiology
MS = Functions and activities of the urinary tract as a whole or of any of its parts.
AN = avoid: too general; DF: URINARY TRACT PHYSIOL
UI = D014553
Urination
AN = urine volume: index under URINE probably NIM
UI = D014554
Urination Disorders
MS = Disorders in the frequency of urination, the volume of urine produced or eliminated, or the ability to retain or void urine in normal fashion.
UI = D014555
Urine
AN = GEN only: prefer /urine with higher animals, substances & diseases: Manual 19.7+, 19.8.79; for microbiol, see TN 190; urine volume: index under URINE probably NIM
UI = D014556
Urobilin
AN = a bile pigment; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014557
Urobilinogen
MS = A colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin. Some is excreted in the feces where it is oxidized to urobilin. Some is reabsorbed and re-excreted in the bile as bilirubin. At times, it is re-excreted in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.
AN = a bile pigment; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014558
Urocanate Hydratase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-5-imidazolepropanoate to urocanate and water. EC 4.2.1.49.
UI = D014559
Urocanic Acid
MS = 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.
UI = D014560
Urochordata
MS = A subphylum of chordates intermediate between the invertebrates and the true vertebrates. It includes the Ascidians.
UI = D014561
Urodela
MS = An order of the Amphibia class which includes salamanders and newts. They are characterized by usually having slim bodies and tails, four limbs of about equal size (except in Sirenidae), and a reduction in skull bones.
AN = includes SALAMANDERS (note X ref below), mudpuppies ( = NECTURUS & specific) & NEWTS ( = SALAMANDRIDAE & specifics); NIM when exper animal: no qualif; when IM, qualif permitted
UI = D014562
Urodynamics
MS = The mechanical laws of fluid dynamics as they apply to urine transport.
AN = same relation to URINARY TRACT that HEMODYNAMICS is to CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; urine volume: index under URINE probably NIM
UI = D014563
Urogenital Abnormalities
MS = Congenital structural abnormalities of the urogenital system.
AN = for congen struct abnorm only; must be both uro + genital; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics or specific parts of urogenital system /abnorm; do not use /congen & do not coord with INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; DF: UROGENITAL ABNORM
UI = D014564
Urogenital Diseases
MS = Diseases of the urogenital tract.
AN = GEN or unspecified but must be both uro + genital.
UI = D016146
Urogenital Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the urogenital tract.
AN = GEN or unspecified but must be both uro + genital: prefer specific precoord; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM)
UI = D014565
Urogenital Surgical Procedures
MS = Surgery performed on the urinary tract or its organs and on the male or female genitalia.
AN = avoid: too inclusive; prefer GYNECOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES & specifics or UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES & specifics or UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE & specifics; consider also UROGENITAL SYSTEM /surg or /surg with specific urogenital syst terms; also UROLOGIC DISEASES /surg or /surg with specific urol dis; DF: UROGENITAL SURG PROCEDURES
UI = D013519
Urogenital System
MS = All the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of URINE. It includes the kidneys, ureters, BLADDER, URETHRA, and the organs of reproduction - ovaries, UTERUS, FALLOPIAN TUBES, VAGINA, and CLITORIS in women and the testes, SEMINAL VESICLES, PROSTATE, seminal ducts, and PENIS in men.
AN = must be both uro + genital; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; UROGENITAL ABNORMALITIES is available but consider also specific urogenital organs with /abnorm; UROGRAPHY is available but consider also specific organs with /radiogr; /surg: consider also UROGENITAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES
UI = D014566
Urography
MS = Radiography of any part of the urinary tract.
AN = GEN only: prefer specific organ with /radiogr; NIM; /drug eff /rad eff permitted; do not use /util except by MeSH definition; DF: UROGR
UI = D014567
Urologic and Male Genital Diseases
MS = A collective term for urinary tract diseases in male and female and diseases of the male genitalia.
AN = not used for indexing; DF:UROL MALE GENITAL DIS CATALOG: do not use
UI = D014569
Urologic Diseases
MS = Diseases of the urinary tract in both male and female. It does not include the male genitalia for which UROGENITAL DISEASES is used for general discussions of diseases of both the urinary tract and the genitalia.
AN = urinary tract dis only: do not confuse with UROGENITAL DISEASES which is uro + genital; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; /diag: consider also DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, UROLOGICAL; DF: UROL DIS
UI = D014570
Urologic Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the URINARY TRACT in both male and female. It does not include the male genitalia for which UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS is used for general discussions of neoplasms of both the URINARY TRACT and the GENITALIA.
AN = neopl of urinary tract only: do not confuse with UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS which is uro + genital; GEN or unspecified: prefer specifics; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); DF: UROL NEOPL
UI = D014571
Urologic Surgical Procedures
MS = Surgery performed on the urinary tract or its parts in the male or female. For surgery of the male genitalia, UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE is available.
AN = GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE is also available; DF: UROL SURG PROCEDURES
UI = D013520
Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
MS = Surgery performed on the male genitalia.
AN = surg of male genitalia; GEN or unspecified; prefer specifics; consider also GENITALIA, MALE /surg or /surg with specific genital terms; also GENITAL DISEASES, MALE /surg or /surg with specific male genital dis; check the tag MALE; DF: UROL SURG PROCEDURES MALE
UI = D013521
Urological Manifestations
MS = Clinical disturbances of the urinary system.
AN = not used in indexing
UI = D020924
Urology
MS = A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male. Common urological problems include urinary obstruction, URINARY INCONTINENCE, infections, and UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS.
AN = SPEC; DF: UROL
UI = D014572
Urology Department, Hospital
MS = Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of diagnostic and therapeutic services for the urologic patient.
AN = DF: UROL DEP
UI = D014573
Uronic Acids
MS = Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)
UI = D014574
Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase
MS = One of the enzymes active in heme biosynthesis. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III by the conversion of four acetic acid groups to four methyl groups. EC 4.1.1.37.
UI = D014575
Uroporphyrinogen-III Synthase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the cyclization of hydroxymethylbilane to yield uroporphyrinogen III and water. EC 4.2.1.75.
UI = D014576
Uroporphyrinogens
MS = Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.
AN = porphyrins
UI = D014577
Uroporphyrins
MS = Porphyrins with four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.
AN = porphyrins
UI = D014578
Urotensins
MS = Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many different physiological effects, including long-lasting hypotensive activity and have been proposed as antihypertensives. There are at least four different compounds: urotensin I, urotensin II, urotensin III, and urotensin IV.
AN = antihypertensives; from urophyses of fish; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014579
Urothelium
MS = The epithelial lining of the URINARY TRACT.
AN = IM GEN only; coord NIM with specific urinary organ (IM) but not URINARY TRACT
UI = D019459
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
MS = An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
AN = /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted; urso- refers to its first isol from bears (Latin ursus)
UI = D014580
Urtica dioica
MS = A plant species of the genus URTICA, family URTICACEAE. Roots have been used to treat PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. Leaves are edible after the stinging quality is eliminated by brief heating.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D026982
Urticaceae
MS = The nettles plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. Many have stinging hairs on stems and leaves. Flowers are small and greenish in leaf axils. The fruit is dry and one-seeded.
AN = prefer specific plant; coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027003
Urticaria
MS = A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.
AN = a form of immediate hypersensitivity; note X ref
UI = D014581
Urticaria Pigmentosa
MS = The most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS) that occurs primarily in children. It is characterized by the multiple small reddish-brown pigmented pruritic macules and papules.
AN = X ref MACULOPAPULAR CUTANEOUS MASTOCYTOSIS: MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS is also available
UI = D014582
Uruguay
UI = D014583
User-Computer Interface
MS = The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.
AN = IM; no qualif
UI = D014584
Uses of Chemicals and Drugs
MS = The modes of utilization of various chemical products.
AN = not used for indexing CATALOG: do not use
UI = D020313
Usnea
MS = A genus of lichens containing usnic acid and mucilage. Usnea barbata has been used as an herbal medicine.
UI = D020949
USSR
AN = GEN; each former Soviet republic is available as a heading; MOSCOW is also available; note spelling: no periods
UI = D014586
Ustilaginales
MS = An order of basidiomycetous fungi; some species are parasitic on grasses (POACEAE) and maize.
AN = an order of basidiomycetes; parasitic on POACEAE & corn
UI = D014587
Ustilago
MS = A genus of basidiomycetous smut fungi comprising the loose smuts.
AN = a basidiomycete representing the smuts
UI = D014588
Utah
UI = D014589
Uterine Contraction
MS = Contraction of the uterine muscle.
AN = qualif permitted as for LABOR; /drug eff: consider also OXYTOCICS & TOCOLYTIC AGENTS
UI = D014590
Uterine Diseases
AN = inflamm dis = ENDOMETRITIS
UI = D014591
Uterine Hemorrhage
MS = Hemorrhage from vessels in the uterus, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.
AN = "vaginal bleeding" usually refers to uterine bleeding through the vagina & goes here but check text for bleeding from vaginal inj, vaginal dis, vaginal tumors, etc (index under proper VAGINA term)
UI = D014592
Uterine Inertia
MS = Failure of the uterus to contract with normal strength and duration and at normal intervals during labor. It is also called uterine atony.
AN = failure of uterus to contract during labor; includes "atony"; check tags FEMALE and PREGNANCY
UI = D014593
Uterine Inversion
MS = A turning of the uterus inside out, whereby the fundus is forced through the cervix and protrudes into or outside of the vagina. (Dorland, 28th ed)
AN = do not confuse with UTERINE PROLAPSE
UI = D019687
Uterine Monitoring
MS = Measurement or recording of contraction activity of the uterine muscle. It is used to determine progress of LABOR, OBSTETRIC and assess status of pregnancy. It is also used in conjunction with FETAL MONITORING to determine fetal response to stress of maternal uterine contractions.
AN = do not use /util except by MeSH definition
UI = D018590
Uterine Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.
AN = fibroma = LEIOMYOMA (IM) + UTERINE NEOPLASMS (IM); coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); CERVIX NEOPLASMS & ENDOMETRIAL NEOPLASMS are available
UI = D014594
Uterine Perforation
MS = Penetration through the uterine wall.
UI = D014595
Uterine Prolapse
MS = Downward displacement of the uterus. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the cervix is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.
AN = downward displacement of uterus; do not confuse with UTERINE INVERSION
UI = D014596
Uterine Rupture
MS = A tearing of uterine tissue; it may be traumatic or spontaneous due to multiple pregnancy, large fetus, previous scarring, or obstruction.
AN = spontaneous or traumatic but do not coord with RUPTURE or RUPTURE, SPONTANEOUS
UI = D014597
Uteroglobin
MS = A protein fraction of pregnant uterine fluid which can induce and regulate blastocystic development. Blastokinin is thought to be similar or identical to uteroglobin. Presence in uterine fluid regulated by progesterone.
AN = a glycoprotein in pregnant uterine fluid; /biosyn /physiol permitted
UI = D014598
Uterus
MS = The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
AN = /blood supply: consider PLACENTAL CIRCULATION; /surg: consider HYSTERECTOMY or HYSTEROTOMY; inflammation = ENDOMETRITIS
UI = D014599
Utilization Review
MS = An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, professional services furnished, and to evaluate the medical necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.
AN = DF: UTIL REV
UI = D014600
Utopias
UI = D014601
UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of UDPglucose from UTP plus glucose 1-phosphate. EC 2.7.7.9.
UI = D005957
UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of UDPgalactose from UTP and galactose-1-phosphate. It is present in low levels in fetal and infant liver, but increases with age, thereby enabling galactosemic infants who survive to develop the capacity to metabolize galactose. EC 2.7.7.10.
AN = /defic: consider also GALACTOSEMIAS
UI = D005694
Uukuniemi virus
MS = A species in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE, infecting vertebrates and vectored by ticks. It has not been associated with human disease though antibodies have been isolated from human sera.
AN = infection: coord IM with BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D018066
Uvaria
MS = A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. Members contain uvarigrin, uvarigrandin, chamuvaritin and other acetogenins and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATIONS or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D031046
Uvea
MS = The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID; CILIARY BODY; and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
AN = anterior uvea = IRIS + CILIARY BODY, posterior uvea = CHOROID; uveal neopl = UVEAL NEOPLASMS; anterior uveal neopl = UVEAL NEOPLASMS (IM) + CILIARY BODY (IM) + IRIS NEOPLASMS (IM), posterior uveal neopl = CHOROID NEOPLASMS; inflammation = UVEITIS & many specifics
UI = D014602
Uveal Diseases
MS = Diseases of the uvea.
AN = inflamm dis = UVEITIS & specifics
UI = D014603
Uveal Neoplasms
MS = Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.
AN = /blood supply /chem /second /secret /ultrastruct permitted; coord IM with histol type of neopl (IM); CHOROID NEOPLASMS & IRIS NEOPLASMS are also available
UI = D014604
Uveitis
MS = Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)
AN = inflamm of uvea; GEN: prefer specifics
UI = D014605
Uveitis, Anterior
MS = Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.
AN = inflammation of both the iris & ciliary body; of iris alone = IRITIS, of ciliary body alone = CILIARY BODY (IM) + UVEITIS, ANTERIOR (IM)
UI = D014606
Uveitis, Intermediate
MS = Inflammation of the pars plana, ciliary body, and adjacent structures.
AN = inflammation of pars plana, ciliary body & adjacent structures; of pars plana alone = PARS PLANITIS; of ciliary body alone = CILIARY BODY (IM) + UVEITIS, ANTERIOR (IM)
UI = D015867
Uveitis, Posterior
MS = Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.
AN = inflammation of the choroid, retina & vitreous body; of choroid alone = CHOROIDITIS; of choroid + retina = CHORIORETINITIS; of vitreous body alone = VITREOUS BODY (IM) + EYE DISEASES (NIM)
UI = D015866
Uveitis, Suppurative
MS = Intraocular infection caused mainly by pus-producing bacteria and rarely by fungi. The infection may be caused by an injury or surgical wound (exogenous) or by endogenous septic emboli in such diseases as bacterial endocarditis or meningococcemia.
AN = coord IM with specific bacterial or fungal infect (IM)
UI = D015829
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome
MS = A syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous UVEITIS with IRITIS and secondary GLAUCOMA, premature ALOPECIA, symmetrical VITILIGO, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented hair), HEARING DISORDERS, and meningeal signs (neck stiffness and headache). Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid reveals a pattern consistent with MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p748; Surv Ophthalmol 1995 Jan;39(4):265-292)
AN = DF: UVEOMENINGOENCEPH SYNDROME
UI = D014607
Uveoparotid Fever
MS = A manifestation of sarcoidosis marked by chronic inflammation of the parotid gland and the uvea.
UI = D014608
Uvula
UI = D014609
Uzbekistan
UI = D014610