Glossary of Bio-Medical Terms
Y
RETURN TO INDEX Y Chromosome
MS = The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.
AN = abnorm; coord IM with SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS (IM) or specific dis (IM) + SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS (NIM); Y CHROMOSOME, HUMAN is also available
UI = D014998
Yaba monkey tumor virus
MS = The type species of YATAPOXVIRUS, a tumor-producing DNA virus discovered in monkeys in Yaba, Nigeria. It has been found to produce histiocytomas in monkeys and humans.
AN = infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM); DF: note short X ref
UI = D014999
Yang Deficiency
MS = In the YIN-YANG system of philosophy and medicine, a lack of vital energy (called yangxu in Chinese). It manifests itself in various systemic and organic diseases. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, 1979)
AN = coord IM with clin manifest (IM) or precoord organ/dis term (IM); DF: YANG DEFIC
UI = D016711
Yarrowia
MS = A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Dipodascaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.
UI = D025062
Yatapoxvirus
MS = A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, causing tumors in primates. The type species is YABA MONKEY TUMOR VIRUS.
AN = infection: coord IM with POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS (IM) + TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D018158
Yawning
MS = An involuntary deep inspiration with the mouth open, often accompanied by the act of stretching.
UI = D015000
Yaws
MS = A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue.
AN = caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue
UI = D015001
Yeast, Dried
MS = The dry cells of any suitable strain of SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE or CANDIDA. It can be obtained as a by-product from the brewing of beer or by growing on media not suitable for beer production. Dried yeast serves as a source of protein and VITAMIN B COMPLEX.
AN = when brewer's or baker's yeast is given as therapy, index here; when the yeast is the source of matter in enzyme or other metab studies, index as SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
UI = D015002
Yeasts
MS = A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.
AN = not for "yeast" ( = YEAST, DRIED; see note there); most "yeast infections" = CANDIDIASIS or specific but if general or unspecified yeast infect, index under MYCOSES
UI = D015003
Yellow Fever
MS = An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus.
AN = caused by a flavivirus
UI = D015004
Yellow Fever Vaccine
MS = Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
UI = D022341
Yellow fever virus
MS = The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.
AN = infection = YELLOW FEVER
UI = D015005
Yemen
UI = D015006
Yersinia
MS = A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod- to coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that occurs in a broad spectrum of habitats.
AN = infect = YERSINIA INFECTIONS but YERSINIA PESTIS infect = PLAGUE
UI = D015007
Yersinia enterocolitica
MS = A species of the genus YERSINIA, isolated from both man and animal. It is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in children.
AN = infection: coord IM with YERSINIA INFECTIONS (IM)
UI = D015008
Yersinia Infections
MS = Infections with bacteria of the genus YERSINIA.
AN = gram-neg bact infect; Yersinia pestis infect = PLAGUE; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infect = YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS
UI = D015009
Yersinia pestis
MS = The etiologic agent of PLAGUE in man, rats, ground squirrels, and other rodents.
AN = infection = PLAGUE
UI = D015010
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
MS = A human and animal pathogen causing mesenteric lymphadenitis, diarrhea, and bacteremia.
AN = note category; infect = YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS
UI = D015011
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections
MS = Infections with bacteria of the species YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS.
UI = D015012
Yin Deficiency
MS = In the YIN-YANG system of philosophy and medicine, an insufficiency of body fluid (called yinxu), manifesting often as irritability, thirst, constipation, etc. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, 1979).
AN = coord IM with clin manifest (IM) or precoord organ/dis term (IM); DF: YIN DEFIC
UI = D016710
Yin-Yang
MS = In Chinese philosophy and religion, two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin) and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), from whose interaction all things are produced and all things are dissolved. As a concept the two polar elements referred originally to the shady and sunny sides of a valley or a hill but it developed into the relationship of any contrasting pair: those specified above (female-male, etc.) as well as cold-hot, wet-dry, weak-strong, etc. It is not a distinct system of thought by itself but permeates Chinese life and thought. A balance of yin and yang is essential to health. A deficiency of either principle can manifest as disease. (Encyclopedia Americana)
AN = yang exuberance syndrome can go here, defic syndromes: index YIN DEFICIENCY or YANG DEFICIENCY: see notes there
UI = D016709
Yoga
MS = A major orthodox system of Hindu philosophy based on Sankhya (metaphysical dualism) but differing from it in being theistic and characterized by the teaching of raja-yoga as a practical method of liberating the self. It includes a system of exercises for attaining bodily or mental control and well-being with liberation of the self and union with the universal spirit. (From Webster, 3d ed)
AN = IM; specify geog if pertinent
UI = D015013
Yogurt
MS = A slightly acid milk food produced by fermentation due to the combined action of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus.
UI = D015014
Yohimbans
UI = D015015
Yohimbine
MS = A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.
UI = D015016
Yolk Sac
MS = An embryonic membrane formed from endoderm and mesoderm. In reptiles and birds it incorporates the yolk into the digestive tract for nourishing the embryo. In placental mammals its nutritional function is vestigial; however, it is the source of most of the intestinal mucosa and the site of formation of the germ cells. It is sometimes called the vitelline sac, which should not be confused with the vitelline membrane of the egg.
AN = "sometimes called vitelline sac": do not confuse with VITELLINE MEMBRANE; mammal (including human) & non-mammal
UI = D015017
Ytterbium
MS = Ytterbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.
AN = a rare earth metal; Yb-174; Yb-168, 170-173, 176 = YTTERBIUM (IM) + ISOTOPES (NIM); Yb-164-167, 169, 175, 177 = YTTERBIUM (IM) + RADIOISOTOPES (IM)
UI = D015018
Yttrium
MS = An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.
AN = a rare earth metal; Y-89
UI = D015019
Yttrium Isotopes
MS = Stable yttrium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element yttrium, but differ in atomic weight. Y-89 is the only naturally occurring stable isotope of yttrium.
AN = Y-89; NIM
UI = D015020
Yttrium Radioisotopes
MS = Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.
AN = Y-82-88, 90-96; NIM; /blood-csf-urine /metab permitted but not for tracer studies ( = /diag use)
UI = D015021
Yucca
MS = A genus (and common name) in the AGAVACEAE family. It is known for SAPONINS in the root that are used in SOAPS.
AN = coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29
UI = D027623
Yugoslavia
MS = Created as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918. Yugoslavia became the official name in 1929. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA; CROATIA; and SLOVENIA formed independent countries and split from Yugoslavia 7 April 1992. Macedonia, one of the Yugoslav republics, became an independent country 8 February 1994 as The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (MACEDONIA (REPUBLIC)).
AN = see tree for YUGOSLAVIA as an Eastern European nation & indentions as a historical entity
UI = D015022
Yukon Territory
MS = A territory of northwest Canada, bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the south by British Columbia, and on the west by Alaska. Its capital is Whitehorse. It takes its name from the Yukon River, the Indian yu-kun-ah, meaning big river. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1367 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p608)
AN = a division of northwest Canada
UI = D015874